158 Articles
Dr. Pallavi Shinde
Psoriasis is a prevalent multisystem autoimmune condition characterized by round, red plaques covered with thick white scales that may appear across the back, chest scalp. In addition to its physical manifestations, the disorder has significant emotional and psychological effects, often contributing to diminished self-esteem, social stigma, and heightened stress. These psychosocial challenges can further interfere with daily interactions and personal relationships. To assess treatment progress, before-and-after photographs were used to document visible changes. This evidence-based case illustrates the potential role of individualized homeopathic management in plaque psoriasis and may provide a basis for future research in this field. Case Summary A 61-year-old male presented to the OPD of Dr D Y Patil Homoeopathic Medical College and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra with complaints of persistent, thick, coppery-red eruptions on the ear pinnae, scalp, back, and chest, lasting for two years. Following 1 year and 8 months of continuous treatment with individualized homeopathic medicine, the condition was completely resolved, with no reported side effects. Photographic documentation before and after treatment was used to evaluate the improvement. This evidence-based case may serve as a foundation for further research into the use of individualized homeopathy in the management of plaque psoriasis.
Dr. Sakshi Mathur
Romantic Spirituality, emotional sublimity, and phenomenological experience have long characterised William Wordsworth's poetry about nature. In addition to these familiar associations, there exists within Wordsworth's nature poetry a secondary aspect that has received little attention by scholars: This is the "proto-scientific" way of reading the natural world as structured, patterned, ordered and systematic, and it is hypothesised that Wordsworth's poetry represents a kind of "grammar of the wild" (the structured, patterned way of observing and understanding nature) similar to the logical method of scientific inquiry. The current research is investigating how Wordsworth's representation of natural phenomena reflects ways of seeing, classifying, observing and empirically proving ecological relationships between different natural phenomena and elements. The research has focused on studying some of Wordsworth's most important poems: "Tintern Abbey", "Lines Written in Early Spring", "Ode: Intimations of Immortality", "The Prelude: Selected Books of The Prelude", "I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud", "The Tables Turned", and "To a Skylark" by examining how Wordsworth's uses of cyclical patterns, ecological interdependence, sensory observation of the world in relation to time, chronological sequencing in relation to time, and other recurring themes reflect the way symbolic generalisations are followed throughout The Prelude: Selected Books of The Prelude". To accomplish this task, we employed a method of close reading and pattern mapping, along with Ecological Literary Theory, Romantic Science Research, and Cognitive-Poetic Analysis, to develop a Structural Mapping of the major thematic elements of Wordsworth's Nature Poetry. Wordsworth combines three different types of patterns based on science into his lyrics: 1. patterns of ecology, which represent nature as interconnected networks; 2. patterns of observation, which represent ways in which science operates; and 3. patterns of cognitive and emotional processes in the workings of the mind, reflecting a feedback mechanism for human consciousness similar to the feedback mechanisms of ecological systems and biological systems. Wordsworth describes nature as a system that has self-organisation based on time, cyclicity, and laws rather than being inherently chaotic (e.g., a random movement). Wordsworth displayed and processed both the aesthetic elements of nature (i.e., beauty and wonder) and the scientific elements (e.g., temporal, sensory, ecological, psychological) in his poetry. He produced poetry using both types of lenses. Wordsworth’s poetry serves as a precursor for both ecological and naturalist observations within the Romantic movement, which combines aesthetic understanding with scientific knowledge. Wordsworth’s study of nature offers a chance to further explore the interdisciplinary connections between literature and environmental science. In many ways, Wordsworth’s work reveals a level of insight into the epistemological basis of the study of nature.
Lipi Singh
The purpose of this study is to examine the value chain of the Varanasi silk saree industry, one of India’s most celebrated handloom clusters, and identify the major gaps that affect its overall efficiency, competitiveness, and long-term sustainability. The research adopts a value-chain-based analytical approach to trace the journey of the product from raw silk procurement to dyeing, weaving, finishing, and final market distribution. Within this process, the study evaluates recurring challenges such as inconsistent raw material availability, heavy dependence on intermediaries, limited transparency at multiple stages, and inadequate adoption of modern technologies. It also reviews support-related issues, including restricted access to finance, limited exposure to modern equipment, weak logistics systems, and insufficient direct market linkages, all of which significantly reduce operational efficiency and limit the bargaining power of weavers. The findings indicate that the value chain suffers from fragmentation, low levels of digital integration, and weak coordination among stakeholders, resulting in reduced productivity and constrained growth opportunities. These inefficiencies collectively contribute to declining competitiveness in both domestic and global markets. The study concludes that strengthening the Varanasi handloom value chain requires a combination of digital adoption, improved coordination mechanisms, targeted policy support, and skill-building initiatives aimed at enhancing both productivity and transparency. Implementing these interventions can not only improve the value chain’s performance but also uplift the socio-economic conditions of artisans and ensure the continued cultural and economic significance of the Varanasi silk saree sector.
Nirmit Patel, Pranav Changela, Prof. Ghansyam Rathod
Energy efficiency has emerged as the central design requirement in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), particularly due to the limited battery resources and the impracticality of physical maintenance in harsh deployment regions. This review synthesizes ten contemporary studies on energy-efficient routing, spanning swarm intelligence, fuzzy-logic–assisted multi-criteria clustering, Pareto-optimal evolutionary strategies, multipath routing with load balancing, LEACH-based enhancements, and centralized cluster management for mobile-node environments. Contributions such as Whale Swarm-based routing, collaborative energy-efficient routing for emerging 5G/6G WSNs, evolutionary architecture reviews, Coyote Optimization with fuzzy logic, multipath load balancing clustering, hybridized bio-inspired routing, optimized Engroove-LEACH clustering GA + K-means routing, centralized clustering for mobility, and multi-criterion Binary Grey Wolf Optimizer (BGWO) clustering demonstrate varied yet complementary advancements. This paper consolidates theoretical frameworks, models, and the working principles of these algorithms, compares their performance trends, presents mathematical formulations, highlights limitations in computation, scalability, and parameter tuning, and outlines future research directions. The review also integrates multiple tables, equations, and conceptual analyses to provide a comprehensive understanding of modern energy-efficient routing in WSNs. This review adopts a PRISMA-based systematic methodology and proposes a unified taxonomy and comparative evaluation framework for energy-efficient routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks.
Miss. Komal S. Ogale, Miss. Rajpurva S. Nimbalkar, Miss. Rutuja S. Navale, Mr. Onkar R. Nagawade, Prof. Vijay S. Sonawane
Calotropis procera, a widely distributed medicinal plant, has long been used in traditional medicine for pain and inflammation. Its diverse phytoconstituents—including cardenolides, flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and proteolytic enzymes such as calotropin and uscharin—contribute significantly to its analgesic activity. Preclinical studies confirm both central and peripheral analgesic effects through modulation of nociceptive pathways, inhibition of inflammatory mediators, and interactions with opioid receptors. Extracts from the latex, leaves, and roots demonstrate promising results in experimental pain models. Despite these findings, challenges remain concerning toxicity and dosage standardization, which limit clinical translation. Overall, Calotropis procera represents a promising natural source for novel analgesic drug development. Further pharmacological and well-designed clinical studies are warranted to establish its efficacy, safety, and mechanisms in humans. Calotropis procera exhibits significant analgesic activity, primarily attributed to its bioactive compounds such as lupeol, n-hexadecanoic acid, and cyclopentane. Studies have demonstrated that ethanolic extracts of Calotropis procera flowers possess pain-ameliorative effects in various animal models, including the tail-flick test, hot plate method, and acetic acid-induced writhing test.
Dr. Danish Nadim, Dr. Meenu Dev, Kahkashan Qaisar
The integration of embedded technology in mathematics learning has significantly influence modern practices. These days technological tools are quite helpful for teaching and learning. The use of technology in the classroom has grown in 21st century. As the demand on education in the modern age continue to rise, many forms of technology are having an enormous effect on classroom teaching. Technology must be used into actual classroom in order to improve students understanding in mathematics as well as critical thinking, problem solving ability, Therefore, it is essential to successfully embedded technology in mathematics instructions. Through the use of technology, we organized the classroom effectively and efficiently. According to Wei (2020), the technology-embedded classroom approach includes various forms of technology use in teaching. i.e., The technology- embedded classroom approach including technology assisted teaching, technology integrated teaching and technology- based teaching. However, challenges still exist during teaching and learning, without using technology, teacher may struggle to effectively deliver topic such as co-ordinate geometry, geometry, mensuration, circle etc. Additionally, students may bore during class while teaching by traditional method. Technology-embedded learning in mathematics offers many advantages. A technology-integrated classroom provides flexibility for both learners and instructors, allowing students to grasp topics with both abstract and concrete thinking. But it has many challenges too, such as high cost of technological tools, integration of mathematical tools, accessibility, lack of digital literacy etc. This paper critically reviews the role of technology for mathematics learning, explore its benefits and challenges and suggest some solution to integrate embedded technology in normal classroom for mathematics learning.
Bennett, E. O., Queen A. Dan-Jumbo
Object clustering frequently encounters formation of artificial clusters, which compromises data quality and reduces clustering accuracy, limited data understanding, and degraded performance metrics; and high computational time. This paper addresses these limitations by proposing an optimized system for robust food consumption pattern analysis across Nigeria. The method leverages Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to mitigate the challenges, particularly single cluster formation and high dimensionality. The system utilizes a MiniBatchKMeans algorithm. Extensive evaluation of the system was conducted through a direct comparison against a baseline MiniBatchKMeans and DBSCAN, assessing performance across critical metrics including runtime, memory consumption, and internal cluster validation scores (Silhouette, Davies-Bouldin, Calinski-Harabasz). Results demonstrate that the system achieves better high-quality clustering scores than the baseline while maintaining a significant advantage in computational efficiency, with a runtime improvement of nearly 50%.
Amr Radi, Sara Al-Naabi
We report a compact diffusion cloud chamber cooled by thermoelectric (Peltier) modules. After validating particle visualization with a dry-ice chamber, we engineered a reusable TEC system that sustains a supersaturated isopropyl-alcohol layer. Several modules (TEC1-12706, TEC1-12715, TEC2-19006, TEC2-19008) were benchmarked using dimensionless charts. With strong heat-sinking and insulation, a double TEC2-19006 reached −26 °C within ~30 min, while TEC2-19008 reached −33 °C within ~10 min, enabling stable visualization of alpha and background muon/beta tracks. We detail chamber physics, a thermoelectric thermal model, module selection from Qc/Qmax–I/Imax charts, and optical design. The approach offers a robust, low-maintenance alternative to dry ice for extended demonstrations and teaching labs. Quantitative performance metrics, including thermal stability and power consumption analysis, are presented to validate the system's robustness.
Dr A Annadurai ,B.A, M.A. M.Sc, Dr CG Vishnu Kumar MSc
Background: In today’s health landscape, chronic inflammation is increasingly recognized as a silent driver of many long-term diseases, from heart conditions to metabolic disorders. Both regular physical activity and diets rich in plant-based polyphenols—think berries, green tea, and dark chocolate—have shown promise in calming inflammation. New research hints that our body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS), often called the “inner bliss system,” might help explain how exercise and diet work together to promote health. Objective: This scoping review aims to map the existing scientific literature on how combining exercise with polyphenol intake influences inflammatory markers and ECS activity, offering a fresh perspective rooted in exercise physiology. Methods: Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched five major databases from their start through December 2023 for studies that looked at exercise and polyphenol interventions together, measuring both inflammation and ECS biomarkers. Results: Out of 1,950 records, 38 studies met our criteria. Key takeaways include: (1) consistent reductions in inflammatory markers like CRP and IL-6; (2) emerging evidence that exercise and polyphenols can boost ECS signaling; (3) very few studies directly connecting all three—exercise, polyphenols, and ECS— in one design; (4) a wide variety in study methods; and (5) proposed pathways that tie movement, food, and our nervous and immune systems together. Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that moving your body and eating colorful, plant-rich foods may work hand-in-hand to reduce inflammation and fine-tune the ECS. However, more integrated and well controlled studies are needed to uncover the exact mechanisms at play.
Dr. Narasimhamurthy S V, Dr.Kannan. D
This article concentrates on how cinema is used to spread an ideology. Indian cinema, known for its diversity and vibrancy, has witnessed several films that have left an indelible mark on both the industry and the audience. Among these, "Kabali" stands tall as a cinematic masterpiece that transcended regional boundaries and garnered international acclaim. The movie was released across the globe in July 2016. The challenges, problems, and daily battles of the subaltern classes are depicted clearly in this movie. The movie conveys to the audience that the "culture invasion" and the need for education must be extremely careful. It means that caste should be annihilated. This movie has visuals, images, symbols of culture and icons from the world's 'equal rights movements.' This film aims to legitimize their places in the mainstream media by the subaltern classes. Additionally, the movie exemplifies on how Malaysian Tamilians fight against Malaysian authoritarianism and the discrimination as they endure from China, as well as the internal splits of castes of Malaysia. The entire film expresses the togetherness of Tamilians. The structural use of semiotics in this film shall be discussed with respect to the subordinate classes.
Dr. Durdana Begum, Dr. Razia Sultana
Indian economy is one of the fastest emerging economies of the world. The FDI attracts a remarkable amount of foreign direct investments from the past decade . However, there have been reports for the past few years showing inconsistency in inflows of foreign direct investment in India. FDI is a device for financial development through its reinforcing of household capital, efficiency and business. FDI additionally assumes a key part in the up degree of innovation, abilities and administrative capacities in different segments of the economy. Foreign Direct Investment as observed as an imperative wellspring of non-obligation inflows and is expanding being looked for as a vehicle for innovation streams and as a methods for accomplishing focused proficiency by making an important system of worldwide interconnections. The GDP of India is observed to be in decreasing trend. This gives rise to the need of studying multiple facets of such investments. This paper aims at studying the Growth of FDI inflows in India and ascertaining the countrywide FDI inflows and sector-wise distribution of such investments in the country. The study aims to understand the flow of FDI growth in different sectors in India
Aditi, Dr. Anjum Abbasi, Dr. S.P. Subashini
A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding breast self examination among nursing students studying in selected college at Ghaziabad. The study was conducted at Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad. The objectives of the study was (1) To assess the knowledge regarding breast self examination before video assisted teaching programme among student nurses. (2) To evaluate post test knowledge on effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme regarding breast self examination among student nurses. (3) To compare pre test and post test knowledge on video assisted teaching programme regarding breast self examination among student nurses. (4) To determine the association of knowledge on video assisted teaching programme regarding breast self examination with selected demographic variables among student nurses. A quantitative research approach was used for the study with structured questionnaire. A structured questionnaire was used for the study. The conceptual framework of the present study is based on Becker’s health belief model. The students who met the study inclusion criteria were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data gathered were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study showed that video assisted teaching programme is effective in improving knowledge regarding breast self examination among GNM 1st year female students. Based on the research findings further recommendations also given.
Mateus Pinheiro
Papua New Guinea for decades has been battling the very high prevalence of Tuberculosis (Tb) like other developing Nations. This nation faces many challenges in achieving desired cure rate in Papua New Guinea. Defaulting from tuberculosis (Tb) treatment has been one of the major obstacles to treatment management and an important challenge for TB control. Understanding of various factors accounting for treatment default could help to achieve better compliance from patients. Thus, the aim of the study is to look in depth into the causes and other related factors of Tb treatment default from Tb patients presenting to Port Moresby General Hospital after default in treatment, from May 2015 to May 2016.
Abba Mohammed, Abubakar Shettima, Ali Abdulrahman Ali, Andrew Onu, Babagana Modu, Bulama Burah, Hassan Zanna, Miriam Watafua, Muhammad M. Ibrahim, Naoual Oukkache, Rabiu Shehu Sa’ad, Yahaya Tijani
Snake venom proteins are generally categorized into enzymatic and non-enzymatic classes, both of which play a crucial roles in the pathophysiology of envenoming. Echis ocellatus, a viper widely distributed across Nigeria, is responsible for a high proportion of snakebite-related morbidity and mortality in the region. Understanding the venom composition and its molecular complexity is essential for advancing venomics and improving antivenom design.In this study, comprehensive proteomic profiling was performed to characterize the enzymatic and non-enzymatic constituents of E. ocellatus venom. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was conducted using the Advion TriVersa NanoMate nano-electrospray ionization (ESI) platform with chip-based LC-ESI-MS/MS technology. Proteins and peptides were identified and curated using coverage thresholds of ≥5%, ≥10%, and ≥20%. The enzymatic repertoire included numerous proteases, phosphodiesterases, phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂), arginine ester hydrolase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, and 5′-nucleotidase. Notably, both phospholipases A₂ and B were detected, along with diverse snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), which are key drivers of hemorrhage and tissue damage. Additional protein families identified included L-amino acid oxidases, cysteine-rich secretory proteins, venom nerve growth factors, as well as serine protease inhibitors, aminopeptidases, and acetylcholinesterases. In total, 163 proteins were identified, reflecting the high toxic potency and complexity of the venom. These findings provide valuable insight into E. ocellatus venom composition and support future development of improved antivenoms and venom-derived therapeutic candidates through quantitative proteomics.
Dr. G. Indhumathi, Nirmala S
India was a prosperous agrarian economy, where two-thirds of its total population engaged themselves in agriculture as their main source of livelihood (Backbone of its economy). However, the times have changed. Technology has taken over and has given new techniques that can help increase the productivity and the soil fertility in the recent times. One of the major revolutions was that of the Green Revolution with the HYV seeds. But the technology has become much more than just this. Precision farming, Drone technology, genetically modified crops and vertical farming are few techniques that has aided in higher yields and keeping a check on the soil moisture and fertility. This paper discusses some other techniques that can help the farmers with the higher yields and non- degradation of soil. The Internet of Things (IoT) has changed the agriculture in the recent times by using smart sensors to boost productivity, sustainability, and efficiency. These sensors help with the optimizing resources, and managing crops in a better manner. IoT can also help us overcome some of the agricultural issues like water scarcity, soil degradation, and the climatic changes. On the other hand, agroforestry promotes sustainable farming practices. This paper provides insights into the key principles, different types, benefits, and challenges, emphasizing its importance in boosting the biodiversity, improving soil health, and combating climate change – the upcoming issue.
Peaches Marquez-Tampus
This study investigated the experiences, challenges, and perceived impact of culturally responsive teaching strategies employed by Filipino special education (SPED) teachers within the Marion School District in Crittenden County, Arkansas, and New Town Public School in North Dakota, United States, during the school year 2024–2026. The study aimed to develop an inclusive culturally responsive teaching plan based on the findings. A quantitative approach utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design was employed to examine the teaching strategies used by SPED teachers and explore the relationships between these strategies and their demographic profiles. It also identified the challenges experienced by educators and their perceived impact on student learning outcomes. The study was conducted in the Marion School District, which serves approximately 3,900–4,200 students across six campuses, and in New Town Public Schools, which operates three schools: Edwin Loe Elementary, New Town Middle, and New Town High School. The respondents consisted of 15 SPED teachers purposefully selected to represent diverse experiences and perspectives. A survey questionnaire adapted from Paculan and Maguilang (2024) was used to gather comprehensive insights into culturally responsive teaching in special education. The instrument comprised four major sections focusing on strategies, challenges, and perceived impacts. Findings revealed that culturally responsive teaching is both essential and challenging for SPED educators. Continuous professional development and systemic support are vital to overcoming barriers and enhancing equitable learning outcomes for students with special needs.
Peaches Marquez-Tampus
This study investigated the experiences, challenges, and perceived impact of culturally responsive teaching strategies employed by Filipino special education (SPED) teachers within the Marion School District in Crittenden County, Arkansas, and New Town Public School in North Dakota, United States, during the school year 2024–2026. The study aimed to develop an inclusive culturally responsive teaching plan based on the findings. A quantitative approach utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design was employed to examine the teaching strategies used by SPED teachers and explore the relationships between these strategies and their demographic profiles. It also identified the challenges experienced by educators and their perceived impact on student learning outcomes. The study was conducted in the Marion School District, which serves approximately 3,900–4,200 students across six campuses, and in New Town Public Schools, which operates three schools: Edwin Loe Elementary, New Town Middle, and New Town High School. The respondents consisted of 15 SPED teachers purposefully selected to represent diverse experiences and perspectives. A survey questionnaire adapted from Paculan and Maguilang (2024) was used to gather comprehensive insights into culturally responsive teaching in special education. The instrument comprised four major sections focusing on strategies, challenges, and perceived impacts. Findings revealed that culturally responsive teaching is both essential and challenging for SPED educators. Continuous professional development and systemic support are vital to overcoming barriers and enhancing equitable learning outcomes for students with special needs.
Bombale Sarthak S., Ghule Sinare Akshay R., Kshirsagar Vaishnavi V., Sachin, K. Hodgar Sanket A.
Mental health disorders such as stress, anxiety, and depression have become a major global concern, significantly affecting quality of life and productivity. Conventional pharmacological treatments, although effective, are often associated with adverse effects and long-term dependency. In recent years, adaptogenic and stress-relieving herbs have gained growing attention as safer, holistic alternatives in the management of mental health disorders. Adaptogens are natural substances that enhance the body’s resilience to physical, emotional, and environmental stressors by modulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and maintaining homeostasis. Herbs such as Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Panax ginseng (Ginseng), and Rhodiola rosea have demonstrated promising results in reducing stress, improving cognition, regulating neurotransmitter activity, and protecting against oxidative damage. Several clinical studies support their role in alleviating symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress-related disorders, with minimal side effects. However, standardization, dosage optimization, and large-scale clinical validation remain challenges for their wider acceptance in modern medicine. This review aims to highlight the pharmacological mechanisms, therapeutic benefits, and clinical evidence of adaptogenic herbs in promoting mental well-being, thereby offering a natural and sustainable approach to mental health care.
Dr. Manda Anil Mhatre, Dr. Sapana Chilate
The removal of toxic Malachite Green (MG) dye from water was studied using low-cost fish-scale biosorbents chemically activated with NaOH and KOH. The fish scales were cleaned, ground and soaked in 0.3 M NaOH or KOH (24 h), then rinsed and oven-dried to produce two adsorbents (FS-NaOH, FS-KOH) Batch experiments examined the effects of solution pH (3–11), adsorbent dose, and temperature (20–40 °C) on MG uptake. Equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The NaOH-treated scales showed higher adsorption capacity than KOH-treated. Removal efficiency increased with higher pH and larger adsorbent dose, reaching >95% at optimal conditions. The data best fit a Langmuir model (monolayer adsorption), with maximum capacities on the order of 10–20 mg·g⁻¹ (FS-NaOH) and lower for FS-KOH. Kinetic analysis indicated pseudo-second-order behavior. The results demonstrate that alkali-modified fish scales are effective biosorbents for MG, with NaOH activation yielding superior performance.
Ashish Ranjan Singh, Astha Dwivedi, Bhumi Chhabria, Fariya Khan, Tushar Saini
Agro-waste represents an abundant yet underutilized resource for sustainable protein recovery, offering potential applications in the food and nutraceutical sectors. This review consolidates recent advances in the extraction and purification of proteins from diverse agro-industrial byproducts, including cereal residues, oilseed cakes, fruit peels, and legume husks. Conventional methods such as alkaline and acid extraction remain cost-effective but often compromise protein functionality, while emerging green technologies—enzyme-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, and microwave-assisted techniques—show promise in enhancing yield and preserving bioactive properties. Purification strategies, including membrane filtration, chromatography, and precipitation, are critically compared with respect to scalability, cost, and impact on functional quality. The bioactive potential of agro-waste-derived proteins, particularly peptides with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antihypertensive properties, underscores their nutraceutical relevance. However, challenges such as variability in raw materials, high operational costs, and lack of clinical validation hinder large-scale adoption. The discussion highlights the trade-off between protein yield and functionality, as well as the need for integrated, multidisciplinary approaches to optimize recovery systems. Within the framework of sustainability and circular economy principles, protein mining from agro-waste offers a dual advantage of value addition and waste minimization. Future research should focus on scaling up green technologies, standardizing quality assessment, and exploring regulatory pathways for commercial application. Overall, agro-waste proteins present a promising avenue toward sustainable food security and nutraceutical innovation.
Adrian Cahilig, Escarlet Cirujales Navales, Joshua Manaog, Xann Yvann S. Badajos
The output of the study is an application called AgroAI: Leaf-Based Crop Disease Detection System. This web-based and mobile-enabled system is designed to assist farmers in detecting crop diseases early by providing a platform where users can upload images of crop leaves such as banana, corn, mango, potato, and tomato. The system automatically analyzes the images using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to identify possible diseases, provide treatment suggestions, and generate confidence scores. Farmers can also access their diagnostic history, view data analytics on crop health, and participate in community forums for agricultural knowledge sharing. For administrators and researchers, the system stores and organizes agricultural data, allowing better monitoring of disease trends and supporting decision-making for improved crop management. Once implemented, the system benefit farmers by giving them fast and reliable diagnoses without requiring expert consultation, while also aiding agricultural experts and researchers through data-driven insights. The system is built using the following development tools such as: Python with TensorFlow/Keras for building and training the CNN model, PHP and JavaScript for web development, CSS and Tailwind CSS for styling and responsive layout, and MySQL/MariaDB as the database management system. The frontend integrates Chart.js for visualizing disease frequency, confidence scores, and trend data. The mobile interface uses frameworks compatible with Android/iOS to ensure accessibility for rural farmers. To guarantee quality and effectiveness, the system is evaluated using the ISO/IEC 25010 software quality model, which measures functionality, usability, reliability, performance efficiency, and maintainability. This ensures that AgroAI is not only accurate and user-friendly but also reliable, efficient, and practical for addressing the real-world needs of farmers and agricultural communities. The study followed an applied research approach using the Iterative System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model. The system is evaluated using the ISO/IEC 25010 Software Quality Model focusing on functionality, usability, reliability, performance efficiency, and maintainability. Fifty (50) respondents participated in the evaluation activities. Results showed that the system performed well across all quality characteristics, with both groups “Strongly Agreeing” that AgroAI is reliable, efficient, and user-friendly. The findings suggest that AgroAI is a practical, accurate, and effective solution for early crop disease detection. The researchers recommend future enhancements such as offline access, an expanded crop database, and integration of IoT devices for real-time monitoring.
Asha Sugumar, J. Abdul Rahman, N. Mohamed Nizarudeen, R. Sridhar
The project presented is for developing an intelligent automatic egg incubator capable of fertility detection to speed up the incubation process by using image processing and the Internet of Things. The system makes use of an XHM452 controller, through which temperature inside the incubator is held at 37.5 °C, while humidity should range between 70 % and 85 %. A 40 W bulb generates the heat, and a DC fan circulates the hot air to maintain a uniform temperature inside the chamber. For humidity, a humidifier with a moisture sensor monitors the water level and automatically sprays or refills water if the humidity falls. For easy monitoring, the values of the moisture sensor are displayed on a LCD display in real time. An automatic egg turning tray, which revolves every three hours with the help of a relay timing module, is used so that the embryo can develop consistently. For fertility detection, an ESP32CAM snaps images of eggs under the light of LED candling from the 7th day to the 10th day of incubation. This image-processing algorithm inspects those photos for fertile and infertile eggs with a high degree of accuracy. All sensors are connected to the ESP32 microcontroller, which monitors and controls the whole system automatically. In this way, automation reduces manual labour, constantly incubates under stipulated conditions, and improves the hatchability rate for the eggs. For the incubator, a uniform environment is created that ensures proper development and healthy growth of the embryo. Besides, it reduces human intervention and errors in operations. It is also cost-effective and reliable, hence suitable for application at small- and medium-sized poultry farms. Experimental testing confirmed that steady temperature and humidity levels were maintained throughout incubation. Repeated trials gave consistent accuracy on fertility detection. Thus, the proposed system is an intelligent, effective, and completely automated solution for modern incubation and fertility detection of eggs.
Abbas, K., Etesami, F, Khajehee, B, Khazaei, H,, Oteibi, M., Tamimi, A., Tamimi, G
This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) outlines a standardized workflow for performing bilateral breast point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) examinations in an outpatient clinical setting. The purpose of the SOP is to reduce procedural variability, promote consistent high-quality imaging, and support patient safety during breast ultrasound screening. The protocol is intended for clinicians and trainees with foundational knowledge of ultrasound physics and breast anatomy who are working under appropriate supervision. Examinations are performed using the Butterfly iQ3 probe paired with the Butterfly App on a 10th-generation Apple iPad, selected for its portability, ease of use, and imaging performance comparable to conventional ultrasound systems. Real-time images are displayed through the app interface via USB-C connection, enabling efficient acquisition and review during scanning. This SOP provides a structured framework to guide breast POCUS acquisition and support evaluation of AI-assisted feasibility for breast ultrasound screening.
Ayodhya Prasad, Geetanshu, Harsh Saxena, Samiksha Singh
The AI-based job recommendation system employs Natural Language Processing (NLP), Large Language Models (LLMs), and API-based job search to automate and optimize career matching. Technical skills, experience, and job keywords are extracted from resumes with Spacy NLP and regex-based text analysis to allow candidate profiling. Information is processed with Ollama Mistral, a high-performance LLM, to predict the best job role to match based on skills and industry standards. Real- time job recommendations are obtained with RapidAPI's Job Search API, with the ability to filter search results with location-based filtering. The system optimizes job search efficiency, minimizes manual effort, and improves job-to- candidate matching accuracy. Skill gap analysis, AI-driven job ranking, and professional profile integration (Linked-In, GitHub) can be added to future development for improving recommendations. This project demonstrates the revolutionary capability of AI in employment matching, making job searching intelligent, data-driven, and personalized.
Hampo, JohnPaul A.C, Mega Ohis Grace, Onovughe Anthonia Okeme, Umukoro Gift
Virtual assistants (VAs) that are driven and powered by AI such as Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant are increasingly embedded in everyday life. Their adoption is critically a correlation of user trust, which is influenced not only by system performance but also by cultural context. This paper investigates the dynamics of trust in VAs by synthesizing empirical findings from recent studies (n ≈ 1,250 participants across healthcare, consumer, and enterprise domains). We examine four principal antecedents—perceived competence, transparency/explainability, privacy and security, and anthropomorphism—and analyze how cultural dimensions moderate their influence. Findings indicate that competence and privacy consistently drive trust across contexts, but the weight of transparency and anthropomorphism varies by cultural orientation (notably, high uncertainty avoidance cultures demand transparency, while collectivist cultures emphasize social endorsement). We propose a conceptual model linking culture, trust antecedents, and adoption, and conclude with implications for design and governance.
Amol Khade, Chaitanya Kumar IS, Sriranjitha TVN
Background: Secondary polycythemia involves elevated red blood cell mass due to increased erythropoietin (EPO) production in response to tissue hypoxia or other stimuli, distinct from primary forms driven by intrinsic myeloproliferative defects. Air pollution, a major global health hazard affecting 4.2 million deaths annually, impairs oxygen delivery via carbon monoxide (CO) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), potentially triggering pathological erythrocytosis through hypoxia-mediated EPO upregulation. Objective: To synthesize evidence linking air pollution exposure to secondary polycythemia, encompassing mechanistic pathways, epidemiological data, clinical risks, and prevention strategies. Methods: Systematic narrative review of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases (2005–2025) using keywords: "air pollution," "PM2.5," "CO," "secondary polycythemia," "erythrocytosis," "hypoxia," "EPO," "thrombosis," and related terms. Thematic synthesis organized findings into pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical outcomes, and preventive strategies. Results: PM2.5 exposure associates with erythrocytosis and thrombocytosis . CO-induced carboxyhemoglobin formation (200-fold affinity to hemoglobin) reduces functional oxygen delivery, mimicking chronic hypoxia and triggering HIF-2α-mediated EPO upregulation. Secondary inorganic aerosol constituents (ammonium, nitrate, sulfate) are primary drivers of PM2.5-associated polycythemia. Clinical complications include hyperviscosity (hematocrit >45%), thrombotic events (43% increased venous thromboembolism risk with PM2.5. Preventive interventions range from source-level emission controls to individual-level personal protective equipment (facemasks, HEPA air purifiers) and clinical phlebotomy. Conclusion: Air pollution drives secondary polycythemia via hypoxia-EPO pathways integrated with oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Evidence supports urgent clinical vigilance in high-exposure populations and multisectoral public health action targeting emission reduction, population surveillance, and individual protection.
Folaju, Thompson, Igbabul, Bibiana Dooshima, Tersoo-Abiem, Evelyn Mguchivir
This study evaluated the amino acid profile of flour blends produced from Bambara groundnut, African arrowroot lily and soybean, as well as the sensory quality of akpekpa prepared from these blends. Akpekpa was produced by mixing the flour blends with wet-milled pepper, onions, seasoning and salt, after which 20 ml palm oil and 60 ml hot water (70 °C) were added and stirred into a uniform paste. The paste was allowed to stand for 30 minutes, stirred again then dispensed into stainless cups (400ml capacity) to ¾ full, cooked for one hour and allowed to cool. Amino-acid analysis showed that blending improved both essential and non-essential amino-acid contents, with glutamic acid (1.34%) being the most abundant and arginine (0.18%) the least. Incorporating African arrowroot lily and soybean flours slightly reduced the sensory scores of the products; however, the blend containing 90% Bambara groundnut, 5% soybean and 5% African arrowroot lily was the most acceptable overall. The findings indicate that adding African arrowroot lily and soybean to Bambara groundnut flour enhances its amino-acid profile and can still yield an acceptable akpekpa product.
Asagba Prince Oghenekaro, Nathaniel Ojekudo, Ofualagba Mamuyovwi Helen
The swift rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought about remarkable technological progress in numerous fields such as media, entertainment, and communication. Among the various outcomes of this advancement, deepfake technology stands out as a contentious issue; it involves using machine learning to artificially change video content. Although deepfakes have potential applications in creativity and education, they also pose significant ethical, legal, and social risks, such as spreading false information, impersonating others, and harming reputations. This increasing danger has underscored the urgency for effective and smart deepfake detection systems that can accurately and swiftly identify altered content. Despite ongoing research, many current deepfake detection models struggle with poor generalization and performance issues when faced with complex data sets. These limitations highlight a notable gap in research concerning the creation of resilient, flexible, and multimodal detection systems that can pinpoint inconsistencies in deepfake videos. This research aims to establish an intelligent model for both detecting and analyzing deepfake videos by utilizing cutting- edge deep learning methods. The study's primary goals are: (i) to create a deep learning framework that uses Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) with attention mechanisms for analyzing temporal features, while also merging various features through Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Graph Neural Networks (GNN) for feature extraction, (ii) to implement a software prototype in Python that can identify videos as either fake or genuine, and (iii) to assess and contrast the effectiveness of existing deepfake detection models with the new system. The research methodology employs agile and responsive software development strategies to facilitate adaptability and ongoing enhancement. Training, testing, and evaluation of the model occur on Google Colab, which allows for GPU acceleration to expedite processing. The dataset comprises multiple types of deepfake and genuine videos, which undergo thorough pre-processing, feature extraction, and fusion before classification. Various performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, are used to assess the model's effectiveness. The main discoveries from this research indicate that the proposed intelligent model significantly boosts detection accuracy compared to current models. By incorporating attention mechanisms and multimodal fusion, the model can identify subtle discrepancies in both video frames and audio signals, thus improving its reliability and durability. The software developed achieved high classification accuracy, proving its applicability in real-life situations. In summary, we have successfully created a sophisticated system for detecting deepfakes that integrates deep learning techniques with contemporary programming resources.
Mahesh Kadam, Sanket Chaudhari, Shreyash Borole, Shubham Dhumal
Serverless architecture represents a ma- jor milestone in the evolution of cloud computing, shifting responsibility for infrastructure management from developers to cloud service providers. This paradigm offers advantages such as elasticity, scala- bility, cost-efficiency, and reduced operational com- plexity. However, it also presents several challenges, including vendor lock-in, interoperability issues, cold starts, and limited debugging control. This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the prin- ciples, opportunities, and constraints of serverless computing. It synthesizes insights from scholarly pa- pers published between 2016 and 2023, identifying persistent gaps related to standardization, cross-cloud orchestration, and governance. The study proposes a layered, vendor-agnostic architecture to address these limitations and support multi-cloud serverless deploy- ments. The findings aim to guide future research in developing interoperable, secure, and efficient server- less systems that maintain flexibility and reliability across diverse cloud environments.
Abhijit Warkhedkar, Amol Shinde, Dr. J Phani Krishna
Herbal medicine is the use of plants to treat disease and enhance general health and wellbeing. Herbs are crucial for medicine as natural sources of therapeutic compounds, offering holistic treatments, fewer side effects, and supporting modern drug discovery, treating conditions from inflammation and heart issues to boosting immunity. These herbs which are barks, stems etc need to pulverize to a powder form for consumption. The grinding of medicinal herbs is a critical preprocessing step that influences the extraction efficiency, bioavailability, and stability of active medical. This laboratory trails and study investigate the performance of size-reduction methods choppers and hammers-based milling on commonly processed herbs such as Ashwagandha, Arjuna, Karakkaya, Athimadhura. Particle-size distributions, time taken for pulverizing, retentions were analysed to evaluate the relationship between grinding mechanisms and product quality.
Dr. G. Indhumathi
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) implemented in India in July 2017 has had a significant impact on various sectors of the economy, including the stock market. The research problems regarding the impact of GST on the Indian stock market would include the following key aspects: Volatility in Stock Prices: How has GST affected the volatility of stock prices in the Indian stock market and Sector-wise Impact: Which sectors, such as FMCG, IT, or Banking, have been most affected by GST, and how have their stock prices responded. The present study analysed the impact of GST announcement on share prices was examined over the 21-day window period, i.e., 10 days before and 10 days after the GST Council Meeting is considered. The Mean Adjusted Model, Market Model and Market Adjusted Model were used for estimating the expected returns, Average Abnormal Returns (AAR) and Cumulative Average Abnormal Returns (CAAR) and T-Test for sample companies. The study results imply that investors in different sectors have different expectations of the GST while investing in the stock market. The automobile industry in India didn’t give significant returns in the event window. This may be because the GST rollout positively affected consumer attitudes, as they expected a fall in prices.
Dr. G. Indhumathi
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) implemented in India in July 2017 has had a significant impact on various sectors of the economy, including the stock market. The research problems regarding the impact of GST on the Indian stock market would include the following key aspects: Volatility in Stock Prices: How has GST affected the volatility of stock prices in the Indian stock market and Sector-wise Impact: Which sectors, such as FMCG, IT, or Banking, have been most affected by GST, and how have their stock prices responded. The present study analysed the impact of GST announcement on share prices was examined over the 21-day window period, i.e., 10 days before and 10 days after the GST Council Meeting is considered. The Mean Adjusted Model, Market Model and Market Adjusted Model were used for estimating the expected returns, Average Abnormal Returns (AAR) and Cumulative Average Abnormal Returns (CAAR) and T-Test for sample companies. The study results imply that investors in different sectors have different expectations of the GST while investing in the stock market. The automobile industry in India didn’t give significant returns in the event window. This may be because the GST rollout positively affected consumer attitudes, as they expected a fall in prices.
Dana RAD, Florentina-Anica PINTEA, Laurențiu Dan LACRĂMĂ
This study investigates the application of digital image processing techniques in the automation of Tree Drawing Test (TDT) interpretation, a tool frequently used in psychological assessment and psychotherapy. The research was conducted within the Multidisciplinary Informatics Research Center at UTT, using an extensive dataset of images from which morphological indicators such as drawing size (M), crown width (PM), and trunk direction were automatically extracted through segmentation and morphological analysis methods implemented in a complete OpenCV-based processing pipeline. The results show high accuracy in recognizing trunk direction (96.04%), as well as a significant correlation between several graphical indicators. The study highlights the potential of automated methods to support psychological evaluation by increasing standardization, reducing inter-evaluator variability, and enabling the future integration of machine learning techniques for the classification of psychological traits. The conclusions support the integration of these approaches into psychotherapeutic practice, with implications for monitoring client progress and developing digital decision-support tools.
Dr. P. V. V. Satyanaryana, P Narayana Pratap
This study explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing financial inclusion and bolstering government-led programs like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) and Direct Benefit Transfers (DBTs). Specifically, AI-driven technologies such as machine learning algorithms for credit scoring and automated transaction systems are instrumental in addressing challenges related to financial instability, fraud, and exclusion from formal financial services.Grounded in theoretical frameworks including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Financial Inclusion Theory, Resource-Based View (RBV), and Fraud Triangle Theory, the research incorporates both primary data collected from 468 key stakeholders and secondary data obtained from authoritative sources like the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and NITI Aayog. The findings reveal that AI significantly improves transparency and operational efficiency within these financial initiatives. However, its effectiveness in preventing fraudulent activities and enhancing financial literacy remains uncertain and warrants further investigation.Through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study establishes a positive and meaningful relationship between AI adoption and increased financial inclusivity. To ensure sustainable economic development, future studies should prioritize the development of robust AI infrastructure, expansion of digital and financial literacy programs, and improved access to reliable internet services. These efforts are essential to fully leverage AI's potential in driving inclusive growth and long-term prosperity.This study explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing financial inclusion and bolstering government-led programs like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) and Direct Benefit Transfers (DBTs). Specifically, AI-driven technologies such as machine learning algorithms for credit scoring and automated transaction systems are instrumental in addressing challenges related to financial instability, fraud, and exclusion from formal financial services.Grounded in theoretical frameworks including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Financial Inclusion Theory, Resource-Based View (RBV), and Fraud Triangle Theory, the research incorporates both primary data collected from 468 key stakeholders and secondary data obtained from authoritative sources like the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and NITI Aayog. The findings reveal that AI significantly improves transparency and operational efficiency within these financial initiatives. However, its effectiveness in preventing fraudulent activities and enhancing financial literacy remains uncertain and warrants further investigation.Through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study establishes a positive and meaningful relationship between AI adoption and increased financial inclusivity. To ensure sustainable economic development, future studies should prioritize the development of robust AI infrastructure, expansion of digital and financial literacy programs, and improved access to reliable internet services. These efforts are essential to fully leverage AI's potential in driving inclusive growth and long-term prosperity.
A. O. Adaikwu, F. Etuonu, P. I. Agber
This study evaluates the fertility, degradation rate, and vulnerability of soils in selected sites in Makurdi area of Benue State, Nigeria. The objectives were to assess the soil fertility status, determine the rate of soil degradation and vulnerability, and suggest management strategies to improve soil quality and productivity. A total of 60 composites soil samples were collected from six sites using a systematic grid design, at 0 – 30 cm depth. The samples were analyzed for soil physical and chemical properties. Descriptive statistics tools were used for the analysis with SPSS software. Soil degradation and vulnerability were assessed using the Soil Degradation Rating and Soil Vulnerability Potential frameworks. Results indicate that the soils are predominantly loamysand texture, Soil bulk density ranged from 1.35 - 1.46 gcm-3, gravimetric water content ranged from 12.95–20.53%, while saturated hydraulic conductivity ranged from 3.05-6.73 x 10-3 cm hr-1. Soil pH varied between 6.51 and 6.78.Organic matter content ranged from 28.9 - 31.3 g kg-1. Total nitrogen content ranged from 0.30 to 3.80 g kg-1. Available phosphorus content varied between 1.79 and 3.5 mgkg-1 across the soils of the study area. The exchangeable bases of soils were in the order of Ca2+>Mg2+>Na+>K+ on the exchange complex. Whereas, the physical properties of the study area suggest moderate to high soil degradation rating and vulnerability potential the chemical properties suggest soil with moderate to low soil degradation rating and vulnerability potential. These differences highlight the importance of considering multiple soil health dimensions, not only chemical but also physical and biological, for a comprehensive assessment. Continuous monitoring and sustainable land management practices are recommended to maintain these soil qualities and prevent degradation escalation.
Kudzayi Choga, Method Moyo, Olivia Ganya
This article examines the barriers that hinder the successful adoption of online psychological services, emphasizing the perspectives of clients. While digital mental healthcare has expanded in response to technological advances and growing demand for accessible support, clients continue to face significant challenges that limit engagement and satisfaction. Common obstacles include unreliable internet connectivity, concerns about privacy and data security, and doubts about the confidentiality of therapeutic exchanges. Additionally, the absence of in-person interaction often reduces the sense of personal connection, leaving clients uncertain about the effectiveness of remote therapy. These issues directly influence clients’ willingness to participate, the perceived outcomes of sessions, and overall satisfaction with online services. Through a detailed literature review and quantitative analysis, this study identifies and evaluates the client-cantered hindrances that obstruct the adaptation of online therapy. By foregrounding the client experience, the research aims to inform strategies that enhance delivery, foster trust, and improve the accessibility and quality of digital mental health care.
Babatunde A. Kelly, David O. Adegbola, David O. Ajibola, Esther L. Jacob, Funmi Olatujoye, Marcus O. Bello, Olayinka E. Omoseyin, Oluwabunmi G. Adeusi, Taiye A Jemilaiye
With the increasing resistance of insects to chemical pesticides, regulatory pressure on chemical pesticides, and the need for environmentally friendly and benign pest management systems, efforts are geared towards the search for new entomopathogens. Traditional bioprospecting focuses on diseased insects in sourcing for microbes to be used in formulating biopesticides, yet a wide range of non‑insect arthropods—copepods, arachnids (spiders and mites), myriapods (millipedes, centipedes), and other arthropod lineages—harbour microbial pathogens (fungi, oomycetes, microsporidia, bacteria, and viruses) with potentials to control insect pests. This manuscript reviews the ecological rationales, discovery methods, promising taxa, safety considerations, and the processes for sourcing novel entomopathogens from alternative arthropod reservoirs other than insects. We gave evidence that spider‑pathogenic fungi (e.g., Gibellula spp.), entomophthoralean fungi associated with springtails and mites (e.g., Pandora, Conidiobolus), oomycetes found on arthropods in aquatic environment (e.g., Lagenidium, Leptolegnia), as well as microsporidia linked with aquatic crustaceans (copepods) all represent yet-to-be-fully explored resources for both crop and veterinary pest management. We outline an integrated discovery framework which combines high‑throughput field sampling, specialized culture strategies, functional screening in Galleria mellonella and target pests, multi‑omics (amplicon, shotgun metagenomics, metabolomics), and genome mining for virulence/secondary metabolite clusters. Finally, we highlight a regulatory and formulation roadmap to de‑risk development while safeguarding non‑targets and aquatic ecosystems.
Dr. D. Thenmozhi
Subramania Bharathiyar emerged as a remarkable translator and poet, bridging Tamil literature with global literary traditions. A polyglot, he mastered Tamil, English, Sanskrit, Telugu, Bengali, Hindi, French, and Chinese. Bharathiyar translated literary works from other languages into Tamil and his own Tamil poems into English and French, making them accessible to a wider audience. His translations are marked by literary finesse, clarity, and cultural sensitivity, reflecting themes such as Tamil welfare, Indian freedom, women’s liberation, and the rejection of caste discrimination. Through his translation work, Bharathiyar enriched Tamil literary expression while fostering cross-cultural literary exchange, establishing himself not only as a poet but also as an outstanding translator and social thinker.
Alhaji Modu Kolo, Auwal Adamu Mahmoud, Godwin Effiong Ankwai, Istifanus Yarkasuwa Chindo
Lack of proper effluent disposal methods in industries has led to an exacerbation of the risk posed by heavy metal contaminants present in industrial wastewater. Several approaches have been explored to mitigate these harmful threats but, most of these approaches have several limitations such as, lacking selectivity, removing essential ions along with heavy metals, high post-treatment cost and generating toxic byproducts which further contaminates the environment. To address these difficulties, nanoparticles have recently been employed to mitigate these limitations. Nanoparticles, owing to their minute size and large surface-to-volume ratio, exhibit enhanced reactivity and adsorption capacities, making them exceptional contenders for heavy metal removal. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of trimetallic nanoparticles has also increased its efficacy as an adsorbent. This study efficiently biosynthesized silver-copper-aluminum trimetallic nanoparticles (Ag-Cu-Al NPs) using aqueous leaves extract of Hierochloe odorata at room temperature. The synergistic effect of the three metals was efficiently harnessed in conjunction with the biologically active components from Hierochloe odorata present in the nanoparticles, to enhance the adsorption affinity of the nanoparticles towards available heavy metal ions present in the wastewater. The biosynthesized Ag-Cu-Al NPs was first confirmed by an obvious color shift from grey to olive green after adding the aqueous leaves extract to the trimetallic salt solution of silver nitrate, copper chloride and aluminum oxide. UV-vis spectroscopy of the nanoparticles presented a distinct peak maximum at 405 nm. The possible secondary metabolites responsible for bio-reduction, capping and homogeneity of the nanoparticles were assessed using FTIR. The crystalline nature and particle size of the NPs were investigated using XRD. SEM-EDS analysis revealed the surface texture and constituent elements of the NPs. Adsorption studies demonstrated that the biosynthesized Ag-Cu-Al nanoparticles acts as a highly efficient nano-adsorbent for the removal of lead, iron and chromium from industrial wastewater.
B. Sudhakar Reddy, Dr. Mallikarjuna Naik Vadithe
The Blue Revolution in India, launched through the Integrated Development and Management of Fisheries (2015–2020) and expanded under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY, 2020–present), has reshaped inland aquaculture as a driver of rural income, food security, and ecological stewardship. Telangana, though a landlocked state, is endowed with extensive inland water resources and a vibrant community of fishers and cooperatives. This study evaluates the policy outcomes and institutional effectiveness of the Blue Revolution and emerging Blue Economy in Telangana over the decade 2014–2024. Using mixed-method evaluation grounded in official data, secondary literature, and institutional mapping, the study traces how policy design, resource mobilization, and convergence strategies between the National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB), the Department of Fisheries (DoF), and state-level agencies have impacted production, employment, gender equity, and environmental sustainability. Findings reveal that fish production rose from 2.68 lakh tons in 2014–15 to over 4.56 lakh tons by 2024, with an estimated value exceeding ₹7,000 crore (NFDB, 2021; Department of Fisheries, 2024). The cooperative base has expanded to include nearly 3 lakh members, and welfare coverage has been enhanced through insurance and credit support. However, persistent gaps exist in cold chain density, traceability, ecological monitoring, and skill development. The paper concludes that Telangana’s inland fisheries model, anchored in participatory governance and cross-sectoral convergence, offers a replicable pathway toward a sustainable and inclusive Blue Economy in India.
B Hema Naga Chand, J Sai Teja., K Varun, T V Sree Vaatsava
Enhancement of brain tumor detection is achieved through deep learning-based image analysis. Existing systems use methods like manual segmentation, traditional machine learning, and pre-trained models, but they often struggle with small datasets, low contrast in MRI scans, or high false-negative rates. Many approaches also fail to generalize across diverse medical imaging devices, limiting real-world applicability. Our project addresses these challenges by developing a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) optimized for brain MRI analysis. The system automatically detects tumors by analysing structural patterns in MRI scans with high accuracy and a high F1-score, minimizing diagnostic errors. By incorporating data augmentation and lightweight architecture, the model achieves high precision without relying on transfer learning, making it suitable for resource-constrained clinical environments.
Tijani Ahmad Ashimi
Breastfeeding is highly recommended in Islam. The holy Qur’an which is the seal of revelation of God and which is the main source of Islamic epistemology regards breastfeeding as a sign of love and affection between the mother and the child. Therefore, it is not a surprise that the holy Qur’an and the saying of Prophet Muhammad (s.aw) have provided the optimal period of 24 months for breastfeeding, and the modern scientific findings conclude that this period fulfills the mental and physical health of the baby. In the most serious note, studies show that proper breastfeeding prevents cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in adulthood. Therefore, the emphasis of the holy Qur’an and the Prophetic hadiths on breastfeeding and its duration are comprehensive recommendation to preserve mother and baby’s health. Furthermore, breastfeeding, from God Almighty, is so important that He commands men to provide all the expenses of food and clothing during breastfeeding so that the mothers can breastfeed the baby with peace of mind. Thus, this article will explore the importance of Breastfeeding in Tawhidic worldview, and the main methodology that is applied is Quranic approach on breastfeeding, that is by exploring the view of the holy Qur’an( the final revelation of Allah to mankind) on breastfeeding. The article is also applied a qualitative method by referring to the works of some scholars on this subject. Finally, the article provides a brief conclusion.
Aerod Edom B. Emeterio, Alyssa Grace C. Inot, Harold R. Lucero, Noriel C. Domondon, Wendyll P. Ojastro
Digital technologies developed rapidly in the 21st century have dramatically changed how organizations manage their information, allowing organizations to be more efficient, more readily accessible, and more automated than ever before. In human resource management (HRM), the digital technology advancements have simplified the job of human resource managers (HRMs) by allowing HRMs to organize employee performance records, track employee performance, and make decisions more easily through the use of technology than ever before. The objective of this study is to develop a web-based Human Resource Management System (HRMS) that will increase the efficiency, responsiveness, and accuracy of the processes currently in place to manage employee records, track employee records, and provide support for the decision to promote employees. The HRMS will consist of a number of modules, namely, an employee record management module, a worker record tracking module, and a decision support module for employee promotions. Users of the HRMS will be required to log in using a secure login feature and to have access to real-time updates to keep all records up-to-date. The HRMS is designed to assist companies to improve their HR processes, improve the performance of the organization, and meet the ISO 25010 standards for software quality. The expected benefits of the HRMS will be for HR personnel, management, employees, and future researchers and will improve how the company manages employee data, the transparency of the company, and the ability of the company to make effective, informed decisions.
Dr. Ajinkya G. Deshpande
Human being is the extension of the nature. But due to greed and selfishness the human created a great loss to the environment and nature. In the mad race of urbanisation, mass production and total negligence the humans caused many types of problems like air pollution, water pollution, land degradation, ozone layer depletion, ocean pollution, plastic related issues and loss of biodiversity. India is amongst the top four biggest economy of the world. There is great opportunities for many products. No surprise India is the leading manufacturing hub. But with this there is great opportunity for protecting the environment by encouraging eco-friendly projects, green product and discourage the product and process that creates pollution and deplete the environment. In this background, there is great possibility for Green Finance by the public and private sector. There are various banks like SBI, ICICI, HDFC and many more which are encouraging eco friendly products and process to make the world better place of live for future generation. Govt should start giving more subsidies and frame strict legislation for protecting the environment. This paper aimed to study the current scenario of Green Finance and the challenges faced and future opportunities in the area of Green Finance in India. In the mad race of development there is enough damaged has being done to the nature, by Green financing which encourages eco-friendly production process and product the environment can be protected to a great extent.
Dubba Rohith, Kanchu Naveen, Muccharla Praveen, Patnala Satish Kumar, Tangudu Swetha
Rapid urbanization has increased the complexity of managing civic issues such as waste disposal, road damage, and traffic congestion. Conventional centralized reporting mechanisms often experience inefficiencies, limited scalability, and weak public accountability. To address these limitations, CitySolution introduces a decentralized, web-based incident management platform that enables citizens to submit and monitor civic reports in real time. Each submission includes key details—such as geolocation, category, description, and supporting images—which are securely stored and processed through blockchain technology for immutable record keeping. Images are managed via the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to ensure distributed and tamper-resistant storage. The platform also integrates community voting, role-based access control, and status tracking to strengthen transparency and participation. Furthermore, an analytics dashboard visualizes trends and statistics, supporting data-driven decisions for civic authorities. The prototype currently employs an in-memory database for demonstration but can be extended to persistent data systems. Overall, CitySolution demonstrates how decentralized technologies and citizen engagement can foster accountable, efficient, and transparent urban governance.
Clement Adjei Arhin, Daniel Ofori Frimpong
This paper investigates the socio-economic as well as environmental implications of climate-induced displacement in Ghana, stressing the increasing vulnerabilities of communities hit by floods, droughts, and irregular rainfall. Employing the Human Security and Sustainable Livelihoods Frameworks as its theoretical pillars, this study examines the extent to which environmental stress acting in tandem with social systems undermines both livelihoods and human wellbeing. The study employed a mixed method approach thus: quantitative data were collected from institutional reports and surveys, whereas qualitative information came from interviews and document analysis. The framework of this integrated approach allowed for a holistic view on displacement trends, adaptation, and policy responses in Ghana. Findings largely show that with such climate variability, livelihood insecurity has been intensified, agricultural productivity disturbed, and population movements induced toward urban centers. Poor institutional coordination, lack of early warning systems, and insufficient resource allocation were pinpointed as key issues limiting response efficiency. There is, however, a couple of pieces of evidence of resilience, with a simulation of adaptation in communities and social networks to lessen the depletion along displacements. In essence, the resolution of climate-induced displacement in Ghana calls for coordinated governance structures, impartial monitoring and evaluation frameworks, and the coupling of scientific evidence with participative local planning. Improving adaptive capacity both nationally and at community level is crucial to ensuring sustainable livelihood and long-term resilience against climate shocks.
Dr. C.K. Kumbharana, Mr. Ronak Jitendrabhai Goda
Indian Sign Language (ISL) plays a crucial role in bridging the communication gap between individuals who are hearing-impaired and the broader society. However, limited research and technological solutions exist for recognising ISL, especially in regional contexts. This paper presents a deep learning-based approach for recognising static hand gestures that represent the ISL alphabet (A–Z). A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is trained on a publicly available dataset containing labelled hand sign images. The system classifies input images into corresponding alphabetic characters with high accuracy, providing a real-time, low-cost, and accessible solution. The aim is to support inclusive human-computer interaction and assistive technology for the hearing-impaired community. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, making it suitable for educational tools, basic communication aids, and future integration into mobile or web applications.
April Joy G. Cezar, MAED, Dr. Gladys S. Escarlos, Karlyn Michelle A. Bonggo, MAED
This study explores the application of James Coleman's Social Capital Theory within the context of participatory educational governance, focusing on the community-based program Brigada Eskwela in the Philippines. It examines how social relationships, trust, and norms embedded in community networks foster cooperative participation and collective responsibility in education. The paper highlights the role of participatory governance in promoting effective school management and enhancing educational outcomes. By analyzing Brigada Eskwela through the lens of social capital, the study underscores the practical implications for sustaining community-driven educational initiatives and improving governance structures in public education.
Bwengye Ismail, Dr. Habaasa Ivan Akatwijuka, Mahirwe Kellen, Tushemereirwe Justine
The study explored the contribution of community driven development programme towards women economic empowerment in Nyakabande Sub County. The study had four objectives. To examine activities carried out by CDD program in supporting economic empowerment of women. To document economic activities done by women in pursuant of economic empowerment and support by CDD programme. To determine the role of group dynamics in influencing economic empowerment of women. To find out other family related factors that hinder economic empowerment of women in Nyakabande Sub County, Kisoro District. A cross-sectional design utilizing a mixed research approach was adopted. A total of 92participants constituting Women in CDD supported groups and local leaders were involved. A Mixed methods approach was utilized for data collection, providing descriptive statistics and opinions about the study. Results show monitoring and supervision as the most effective CDD activity that supports women economic empowered in Nyakabande Sub County. Farming is the most dominant activity carried out by women in CDD supported programme. The group dynamics especially cohesion, has an influence on women economic empowerment. The family size affects the returns the economic returns women make from their groups, increases dependence, and cost of living. Conclusively, WEE in Nyakabande Sub County is below average, indicating a low contribution of CDD programmes in WEE especially at individual level. Government, through Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development (MGLSD) in collaboration with Ministry of Finance Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED) should increase CDD capitation to elevate the financing abilities of sub counties to support women groups. The effect of culture on women empowerment in Nyakabande sub-county is not well researched. Future researchers should consider this area.
Md Maruf Billa, Md Rafiqul Islam Razib
The present study was undertaken to assess the semen quality of different breeding bulls reared in Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF), Savar, Dhaka. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the physical and chemical properties of different bulls. A total of 57 dairy bulls, Local cross (L×F(n=6)), Local (n=6), Red Chittagong Cattle (R.C.C (n=6)), Sahiwal (SL (n=6)), Sahiwal cross (SL×F(n=6)), Friesian cross (L×F×F(n=6)), Friesian (50% H.F (n=6)), Friesian (62.5% H.F (n=6)), and Friesian 75% (H.F (n=9)) were used. The semen of different crossbred and local bulls was examined for ejaculate volume, concentration, and motility percent of sperm. It was observed that the maximum average ejaculate volume was obtained from L×F×F (10.50 ±4.04) ml and the minimum from 62.5% H.F (6 ±0.89) ml. The maximum average sperm concentration was obtained from Local (1345.17±230.08 million/ml), and the minimum was SL×F (1057.67±286.74 million/ml). The maximum average motility was obtained from 75% H.F. (65.56 ± 5.27) % and the minimum was 62.5% H.F. (61.67 ± 4.08) %. These parameters are highly responsible for producing the best quality semen. Although the motility percentage of semen was highest in 75% H.F. cross, the local breed has the highest concentration of sperm in semen. It may be concluded that the performance of L×F Holstein Frisian crossbreeds was best based on their overall characteristics; conversely, SL×F crossbreeds showed comparatively less quality semen in overall characteristics in semi-intensive systems. Therefore, it is recommended that local breed upgradation is important for milk production, but introducing 100% HF induces calving ease.
Agada Victoria Anyenu, Akwagiobe, Emmanuel Ushigianle, Dearsly, Emmanuel Markus, Ekwu Marvis Titi, Eze, Kingsley Chijioke, Imasa, Friday Okeje, Ofutet, Emmanuel Oleba, Oshatuyi Olukayode, Umoh Ukeme Etop
The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most critical global health challenges, with multidrug-resistant bacteria severely reducing the efficacy of conventional antibiotics. According to the World Health Organization, resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli pose significant therapeutic challenges due to multiple resistance mechanisms, including efflux pump activation, enzymatic degradation, and mutation of drug targets (WHO, 2020). These limitations highlight the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies and novel bioactive scaffolds.
Lalruatfela, R Lalnunsangi
Rapid and accurate neuroimaging is essential for acute stroke management, guiding decisions for thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) systems—particularly 64-slice and 128-slice scanners—are widely used for non-contrast CT (NCCT), CT angiography (CTA), and CT perfusion (CTP). This review compares the performance of 64-slice and 128-slice CT scanners in stroke imaging, focusing on spatial/temporal resolution, acquisition speed, radiation dose, diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiency, and suitability for resource-limited settings. Evidence suggests that 128-slice CT provides superior temporal resolution, reduced motion artifacts, enhanced CTA and CTP quality, and faster workflow. However, 64-slice scanners remain highly effective for NCCT and routine CTA, offering cost-efficiency and adequate diagnostic accuracy for most emergency stroke pathways.
Abdullahi Danjuma Kassim, Adeshola Rebecca Akinwola, Ishegbe Eko Joyce
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the concentration and potential health risks of organophosphorus pesticide (OPPs) residues in two widely consumed grains purchased from major trading centers (market) in Nasarawa State. For this study a total of twelve grain samples were collected using stratified random sampling to ensure market-level representation where homogenization and extraction using the QuEChERS method, followed by a dispersive solid-phase extraction SPE clean-up. Quantification and identification of nine target OPPs were performed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) calibrated with multilevel standard. The analytical results showed that OPPs residues were widespread across all samples, though concentrations varied markedly by grain type and market location. Notably, methyl parathion and azinphos-methyl pesticides banned or severely restricted due to their high toxicity were detected in several samples, indicating possible illegal application or improper storage practices. White and yellow maize recorded higher contamination than beans, with yellow maize from Orange Market containing the highest oxydisulfoton concentration (11.96 mg/kg) and white maize from Karu Market showing extremely elevated ronnel levels (50.63 mg/kg). Health risk assessment was conducted using Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) for both adults and children. Results revealed that multiple pesticides exhibited THQ values significantly greater than 1, signaling substantial non-carcinogenic health risks from chronic exposure. Maize particularly from Orange and Karu markets posed the highest risk burden, while beans showed moderate to high risk depending on pesticide type and concentration. In conclusion, the study findings highlight the urgent need for stricter enforcement of pesticide regulations, routine monitoring of pesticide residues in grain markets, and comprehensive farmer and trader sensitization on the dangers of banned and excessive pesticide use. Implementing these measures is essential to safeguard food safety and reduce long-term health risks associated with dietary pesticide exposure.
Tijjani Ahmad Hakeem
This study explores the corrosion inhibition performance of ofloxacin for mild steel in 0.1 M and 0.5 M hydrochloric acid solutions and was investigated using the gravimetric (weight loss) method at 298 K. Different concentrations of ofloxacin (0.1–0.5 g/L) were employed to evaluate its effect on corrosion rate, inhibition efficiency and surface coverage. The results revealed that ofloxacin significantly reduced the corrosion rate of mild steel in both acidic media. Maximum inhibition efficiencies of 78.86% in 0.5 M HCl and 70.86% in 0.1 M HCl were achieved at 0.5 g/L inhibitor concentration. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration, indicating adsorption-controlled inhibition. Adsorption of ofloxacin on the mild steel surface followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, suggesting monolayer adsorption. The study confirms that ofloxacin is an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid environments.
Destiny Young, Osinachi Ozocheta
Small and Medium sized Enterprises, SMEs, represent the vital economic backbone of emerging economies, yet they contend with an increasingly asymmetric threat environment characterised by sophisticated cyberattacks and severe resource scarcity (Sultan, 2025; Hadap et al., 2025). This paper provides an empirical investigation into the necessary link between robust Cyber Resilience, CR, capabilities and the effective achievement of Business Continuity, BC, in these resource constrained settings. By synthesising existing empirical data on the quantifiable economic and operational risks of cyber incidents, this study asserts that traditional, reactive BC planning is insufficient, robust proactive CR is an indispensable prerequisite for sustainable operational survival (Splunk, 2025; Everbridge, 2025; Sultan, 2025). Findings indicate that successful breaches impose substantial financial losses, averaging $30,000 USD for sampled SMEs post breach, alongside significant operational downtime, evidenced by a mean system disruption of 12.5 hours (Sonkar et al., 2025). This level of disruption is linked to an estimated 60 per cent business failure rate among unprepared small businesses following a major cyber attack (Sonkar et al., 2025). The paper details strategic, cost-effective interventions including risk-based governance, high return on investment employee training, and the leveraging of scalable open-source security stacks, all of which offer a pragmatic pathway for SMEs to enhance their defences and secure long-term viability in the digital economy (Ejaz & Matthew, 2024; Ilca et al., 2023).
Dr. Prajakta Parasnis, Mr. Sanket Kale, Mrs. Ashima Deshpande
The hospitality industry, a dynamic and service driven sector, continues to evolve with globalization, technological innovation, and shifting workforce demographics. Among these changes, Generation Z (those born between 1997 and 2012) has emerged as a key labor force segment. This research paper explores the factors influencing Gen-Z individuals to pursue a career in the hospitality industry. The study identifies motivational factors such as passion for service, career growth opportunities, global exposure, job security, and work life balance. Using a structured questionnaire and review of secondary data, the research aims to understand both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators that affect career choices among young professionals. The findings highlight that Gen-Z values flexibility, recognition, meaningful work, and innovation. The study concludes by offering recommendations to educational institutions and hospitality organizations for attracting and retaining this new generation workforce.
Dr Mahasweta Joshi, Mr. Dhruv Chauhan, Ms. Drashti Shah
Wheat, one of the major crops in the world, is vulnerable to many diseases that cause tremendous yield and quality loss. This paper proposes a deep learning method for the automatic detection and classification of wheat diseases based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We respond to the imperative of early and precise identification of diseases in wheat crops in order to reduce agricultural losses.The system learned on a data set of more than 14,000 wheat leaf images corresponding to 15 classes of various rusts, blights, insects, and normal leaves. Our suggested CNN model reached a training accuracy of 97.02% and validation accuracy of 91.00%. The model design uses data augmentation strategies and dropout regularization to promote generalization as well as avoid overfitting
Daramola S. F., Kareem B., Oladosu K. O
A PKS-fired 5-10 kW micro power plant has been designed, modeled and simulated to produce superheated steam for domestic and SMEs consumption. The target is to sustain power output at optimal design parameters. Design, modeling and simulation analyses of plant’s components were carried and then integrated to a unit micro power plant. These analyses were done to enhance the efficiency of whole power plant through reduction of heat losses and optimal sizing of components. Modeling results indicated that running the plants at the lowest possible temperatures (pressures) of 235 oC (0.35 MPa) and 235 oC (0.35 MPa) would be sufficient to enhance safety with acceptable steam mass flow rates (0.00357 kg/s, 0.00178) and steam flow velocities (14.87 m/s, 7.43 m/s). Design results showed that angular mild steel of diameter ranging 5 -10 mm were adequate for the plant stand. Simulation results revealed that the designed parameters (stress, strain, deflection, and thermal resistance) were within the acceptable standards, this portrayed design adequacy. Designed temperature of 0- 400oC was within the acceptable range and far from maximum tolerable material temperature of 1200oC. Heat flux (2.31 W/mm2) obtained from the design was conveniently within the simulated range, which shows that the design is workable. Improvement efficiency of 12% was obtained as compared to past micro plant design; this is a remarkable achievement.
Andry Setiawan, Muhammad Aditia Al-hafidz, Umi Marfuah
This study aims to analyze the influence of job stress, work motivation, and employee commitment on employee turnover intention at PT XYZ and to formulate appropriate employee retention strategies through SWOT and QSPM analyses. The study adopts a quantitative research approach using multiple linear regression to test the effects of independent variables on turnover intention. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to employees of PT XYZ and analyzed using statistical methods to determine the significance and contribution of each variable. The results of the multiple regression analysis show that job stress, work motivation, and employee commitment simultaneously have a significant effect on turnover intention, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 73.2%, indicating that these variables explain most of the variation in turnover intention. Partially, job stress has a positive and significant effect, implying that higher levels of job stress increase employees’ intention to leave. Conversely, work motivation and employee commitment have negative and significant effects, indicating that greater motivation and stronger commitment reduce employees’ intention to quit. Furthermore, the results of the SWOT and QSPM analyses reveal that the most effective strategy to reduce turnover and enhance employee retention is to strengthen work culture and employee engagement, particularly among Gen Z and millennial employees, supported by wellbeing and career development programs. This strategy obtained the highest Total Attractiveness Score (TAS) of 7.05, making it the most appropriate and impactful option for addressing turnover issues at PT XYZ. In conclusion, this study emphasizes that reducing job stress, enhancing motivation and commitment, and developing a positive, engaging, and supportive work environment are essential for improving employee retention. Implementing wellbeing and development initiatives can help PT XYZ foster a more loyal, productive, and sustainable workforce, thereby strengthening its organizational stability and long-term competitiveness.
Affero Ismail, Dang Rili, Mohd Hatta Mohamed Ali @ Md Hani, Noorazman Abd Samad, Siti Soleha Razali
This study develops and validates a localized burnout scale for higher vocational college counselors in Guangdong, China. Existing instruments such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) are widely used but show cultural and contextual limitations in non-Western educational environments. To address these gaps, a three-phase research design was adopted: item generation through theoretical synthesis and expert review, pilot testing with statistical refinement, and large-scale validation with 6,622 counselors across 93 higher vocational colleges. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a five-factor structure consisting of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalisation, Reduced Personal Accomplishment, Work Resources and Demands Imbalance, and Role Conflict and Ambiguity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed excellent fit indices (RMSEA < 0.08; CFI > 0.92), with high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.85–0.93). Convergent and discriminant validity were established, confirming the robustness of the instrument. The localized scale captures stressors overlooked by Western models, including ideological-political responsibilities, administrative overload, and industry-education integration. This validated tool offers education authorities a reliable framework to monitor counselor well-being, design interventions, and strengthen workforce sustainability. Methodologically, the study advances cross-cultural scale validation; practically, it supports evidence-based reforms in vocational education in China.
Dr. Chetan Ginigeri, Dr. Sushma Gopalan, Elham Subair, Ishika Mittal, Shanu Arun, Shivangee Gupta, Vaishnavi Ravindran
Child Life Services play an important role in supporting the emotional and psychosocial needs of hospitalized children and their families. However, currently there is no validated tool to measure parental satisfaction with CLS. This study describes the development and validation of a Parent Satisfaction with Child Life Services Scale (PSS-CLS). An initial pool of 31 items was created based on the experience of child life specialists. A panel of five experts reviewed each of these items for their clarity and relevance. Content validity indices (CVI) were calculated and repetitive items were revised. The resultant 24-item scale was pilot tested with a sample of 60 parents in an Indian private hospital. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and validity was assessed using face validity and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Expert ratings deemed a strong content validity (I-CVI = 0.80-1.00; S-CVI/Ave= 0.974; S-CVI/UA= 0.871). The scale also showed very high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α= 0.949). Face validity was supported by parental reports that the items were clear and required no modifications. EFA gave a five-factor structure that explained 70.1% of total variance. The resultant factors represented major domains of CLS: (1) parental empowerment, support, and confidence in medical care (2) emotional health and advocacy of children (3) counselling effectiveness and communication (4) engaging and individualized therapies, and (5) play-based therapies and the restoration of normalcy. The PSS-CLS is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating the parental satisfaction with CLS.
Abu Adam, Kekong Pius Ekwo, Patricia Musa, Samson Oklobia
Farm related ocular diseases constitute a major public health challenge among agricultural workers, particularly in developing regions where access to specialized eye care is limited. Ocular diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, and retinopathy are prevalent among farmers due to prolonged exposure to sunlight, dust, chemicals, and poor occupational safety practices. Despite the growing burden of these conditions, limited studies have explored the application of artificial intelligence–based diagnostic systems using localized data from Benue State, Nigeria. This study presents the development of a deep learning–based application system for the classification of farm related ocular diseases in Benue State. A total of 2,715 ocular images were collected from 85 subjects diagnosed with cataract, glaucoma, and retinopathy at Okida Eye Clinic, Otukpo. The dataset was augmented to improve class balance and diversity, and transfer learning was applied using a pre-trained AlexNet model with frozen convolutional layers. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy and loss metrics during training in a Python environment. The proposed model achieved a classification accuracy of 96.5% with loss values below 0.2, demonstrating strong learning capability and generalization. Comparative analysis with existing state-of-the-art models shows that the proposed approach performs competitively while benefiting from localized clinical data. The trained model was integrated into a software application and tested with real ocular images, yielding high confidence classification scores. The system is therefore recommended as a reliable decision-support tool for early detection and management of farm related ocular diseases in Benue State.
D. R. Solanke, R. D. Bhoyar, S. D. Pachpande
This paper proposes a multi-layer Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) framework for iris image classification, targeting left and right eye recognition across 46 subjects. A custom five-layer CNN was trained for 200 epochs with a learning rate of 0.0001, effectively learning discriminative features from iris textures. The model achieved a training accuracy of 97.90% with a loss of 0.4116, and a testing accuracy of 93.09% with a loss of 0.6837, demonstrating robust generalization to unseen data. The results highlight the potential of multi-layer CNN architectures for reliable iris-based biometric systems, enabling accurate and automated eye classification. The key contribution of this work is the demonstration that a compact five-layer CNN can achieve high accuracy in binary left-right iris classification, offering an efficient and scalable solution for biometric authentication.
Abdul Rahim bin Razalli, Abdul Talib bin Mohamed Hashim, Azli bin Ariffin, Hafiz Hanif
This study forms part of a larger research initiative focused on designing and developing a mobile application named 'JENINIUS' to facilitate teaching and learning among special education students through the cultivation of imagination and creativity. Imagination is widely recognised as the foundation for creativity, and both are considered essential competencies for students in the 21st century learning environment. However, creativity remains one of the most challenging elements to teach effectively, with difficulties arising from multiple sources including misconceptions about creativity being exclusive to certain students, and the challenges teachers face in planning lessons that foster creativity amidst demanding workloads. A significant gap exists in the development of mobile applications specifically designed to nurture creativity and imagination among students with special needs. This research addresses this gap by exploring and establishing a prototype design for mobile applications suited for special education contexts. The study involved two primary objectives: (1) identification of special education needs that can be addressed through the design and interaction enabled by mobile applications; and (2) development of a user interface and user experience prototype for a mobile application tailored to these needs. Employing the Rapid Prototyping (RP) methodology, this research progressed through five systematic phases: needs assessment and content analysis, objective setting, prototype construction, prototype utilisation, and evaluation/maintenance. Data were collected from 35 experts and practitioners in special education through focus group discussions and a 23-item online survey. The constant comparison analysis method was employed to analyse qualitative data, while descriptive statistics were used for survey responses. Findings revealed five key components pertinent to mobile application design for students with special needs: (1) consistency of colours for navigation, (2) contrasting colours to highlight importance, (3) iconography and font variants, (4) readability, and (5) positionality. Survey data showed high agreement levels (M > 4.0) for elements related to colour contrast, icon consistency, simplified language, and intuitive navigation. These findings align with existing literature on accessible user interface design while contributing new insights specific to the special education context. The research concludes with recommendations for establishing design standards for inclusive mobile applications, aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality Education.
Dr. Anita Sagar
Growing interest in non-pharmacological approaches to mental health has renewed scientific attention toward the therapeutic effects of sound. Within this expanding domain, specific frequencies such as 40 Hz, 528 Hz, and 432 Hz have attracted both popular and research-oriented curiosity, yet their biological and psychological effects remain unevenly understood. Anxiety and depression are complex conditions driven by interactions between neural oscillations, stress-endocrine pathways, autonomic regulation and affective circuitry, making biomarker-based investigations essential for understanding how acoustic stimuli may influence emotional health. This narrative review synthesises evidence on the biomarker-level effects of the three frequencies and highlights the distinct neurophysiological pathways through which each appears to operate.
Dr. Ramesh B. H.
The present study carried out with a preliminary documentary survey of edible oil yielding plants in and around Challakere during 2022-23. During this study, a total of 31 edible oil bearing plants belonging to 30 genera and 20 families were recorded. The scientific names of the plants with their family names have been reported in the current study. Among families Arecaceae dominant with 05 species followed by Cucurbitaceae with 3 species preceded by Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae and Apiaceae with 2 species each respectively. The importance of few edible oil bearing plants are discussed in this paper. Good quality cultivation practices are needed to preserve and receiving maximum yield which can be used as alternative for their livelihood
ADEJUMO Dauda Adegoke, ALABI Ezekiel, OLATUNJI Olanrewaju Patrick
The rapid advancement of digital technology presents both opportunities and challenges for cottage industries in Osun State, Nigeria, where limited digital skills hinder optimal business performance and growth. This study investigated the effect of digital skills integration on the performance of selected cottage industries in Osun State, addressing the critical need to enhance competitiveness through technology adoption. The main objective is to examine the overall effect of digital skills integration on industry performance, with specific objectives to assess the effect of ICT literacy, social marketing skills, and e-payment skills on sales growth. Conducted in Osun State, the study employed a descriptive research design. The population comprised 12,653 cottage industry operators drawn from textile and weaving, food processing, leather and footwear, and soap and cosmetic production sectors, as sourced from the Osun State Ministry of Cooperatives and Empowerment (2024). Using Taro Yamane’s formula, a sample size of 388 was determined. Data collected via structured questionnaires were analysed with SPSS version 25, using both descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, in addition to multiple regression analyses. Results revealed that ICT literacy (β = 0.792), social marketing skills (β = 0.760), and e-payment skills (β = 0.728) significantly affected sales growth, jointly explaining 68.3% of the variance in performance. The study concluded that strengthening digital skills is crucial for boosting sales growth in cottage industries. It recommended targeted digital literacy training programmes, capacity-building in social media marketing, and facilitation of accessible e-payment platforms to enhance business operations and foster economic growth within the cottage industry sector of Osun State, Nigeria.
Dr. Arulmozhi Saravanan
The study aimed to examine the effect of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on cardiovascular endurance among college athletes. Thirty male and female athletes (aged 18–22 years) from various sports disciplines were selected and divided into two groups: experimental (HIIT group) and control. The experimental group underwent an 8-week HIIT program, while the control group followed their regular training schedule. Cardiovascular endurance was assessed using the Cooper 12-Minute Run Test before and after the intervention. Data were analysed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests. The results indicated a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the experimental group’s mean endurance score compared to the control group. The study concludes that HIIT is an effective method for improving cardiovascular endurance in collegiate athletes and can be incorporated into athletic conditioning programs.
ADEJUMO Dauda Adegoke, ALABI Ezekiel, OLAOYE Bosede Olubusayo
Social media has rapidly transformed how micro and small enterprises (MSEs) engage customers and access markets, yet many MSEs in Lagos State continue to struggle with leveraging these platforms effectively for business growth. This study therefore examined the effect of social media usage on the performance of MSEs in Lagos State, Nigeria, responding to the need for empirical clarity on how different platform types shape revenue growth. The objective was to assess the combined effect of social media, involving visual-centric, professional networking, real-time engagement, and community-driven platforms on MSE performance, particularly revenue growth among MSEs in the area. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to 781 respondents drawn from a population of 3,337,198 MSE owners using Taro Yamane’s formula, with reliability established through pilot testing and Cronbach’s alpha values above acceptable thresholds. Multiple regression analysis showed that all four platform dimensions significantly enhanced revenue growth, with visual-centric platforms (1.921) exerting the strongest effect, followed by professional networking (1.835), real-time engagement (1.817), and community-driven (1.763) platforms. The study concluded that social media is a critical performance-enhancing tool for MSEs, supporting revenue expansion and customer engagement across Lagos State. It recommended strategic investment in visual content creation, deeper participation in professional and community networks, and increased use of real-time platforms to strengthen responsiveness.
Dr Karpagavalli. E Mpt
Knee injuries are very common among young football players because the sport requires constant running, kicking, jumping, landing, and rapid changes in direction. These movements put repeated pressure on the knee joint and increase the chance of injury, especially when the muscles and movement control systems are not trained properly. Neuromuscular training has been identified as one of the most effective approaches to prevent injuries in football players because it improves the communication between the brain and muscles and helps the body learn safe movement patterns. This research paper aims to examine how neuromuscular training helps in preventing knee injuries among young football players aged between twelve and twenty-one years. The paper reviews existing research, evaluates clinical evidence, and discusses how neuromuscular training influences strength, balance, coordination, proprioception, and biomechanical alignment. The review shows that neuromuscular training significantly reduces the risk of injuries, especially anterior cruciate ligament injuries, which are common in football. Young players who follow neuromuscular training programs demonstrate better body control, improved landing technique, and stronger stabilizing muscles. This research suggests that neuromuscular training should be included in regular training sessions for youth football to prevent injuries and support safe athletic development.
Almaluna C. Piatos, Gelyn B. Pelare, Genelyn Baluyos
This study examined the effectiveness of the Pictoword game in enhancing vocabulary retention among Grade 8 students in a public secondary school in Misamis Occidental during the school year 2024–2025. Using a one-group pretest-posttest design, the research involved students with low vocabulary retention. Before the intervention, most learners did not meet expectations. After using Pictoword, their performance improved remarkably, with many achieving outstanding results. Checklist ratings also showed progress from very poor to very good, and statistical analysis confirmed that the improvement was significant. The findings highlight Pictoword’s effectiveness as an interactive, image-based tool for enhancing vocabulary learning and recommend its integration into English instruction.
Dr. Mahmood Mawlood Khalaf Almashhadani
Ethics is central to any moral philosophy of human behavior that deals with questions about what is morally right or wrong, fair or unfair. It is a reflection of the foundational role of human habits and dispositions in moral philosophy. The development of ethics has been shaped by key philosophical traditions, from Greek antiquity to the modern era, evolving to address complex moral issues in a variety of contexts. The historical journey of the ethical philosophy illustrated the deep connection between languages, philosophy and human understanding of morality. Both Elizabethan and Modern drama grapple with fundamental ethical questions, reflecting the values and anxieties of their respective eras. While Elizabethan drama often explored morality through the lens of divine order and social hierarchy, modern drama tends to focus on individual experience, psychological realism, and social critique. This study will examine some key ethical themes in both periods, highlighting similarities and differences in their approaches.
Juvilyn A. Olarte
The Filipino subject serves as a vital component in developing students’ cultural identity, fostering an understanding of their linguistic heritage, and promoting critical thinking through engagement with both the communication and its culture. This classroom-based action research study employed the "Pick and Pop the Balloon" method as an intervention to enhance active participation and oral proficiency among thirty Grade 8 students from a private institution in Ozamiz City during the academic year 2024–2025. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection utilized a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and statistical analysis was performed using Minitab, focusing on the computation of the mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, and the t-test for significant difference. The results indicated a statistically significant difference in student engagement following the implementation of the intervention. Analysis of the checklist data revealed highly significant improvements across all three measured engagement indicators: reaction to the balloon stimulus, effect on participatory behavior, and response to point-based rewards. These findings confirm that the "Pick and Pop the Balloon" strategy had a substantial positive impact on student involvement. The implementation of the Pick and Pop the Balloon method significantly improved student engagement, motivation, and participation, demonstrating its effectiveness as a gamified, reward-based instructional tool compared to traditional methods. To create genuinely effective support, we urge researchers to quantitatively investigate the diverse nature of student learning issues. This will enable the development of holistic strategies and usable solutions for their educational challenges.
Famila A. Molina, Genelyn R. Baluyos, Ritchie Belle S. Medallo
This study investigates the effectiveness of using flashcards to enhance the mathematical performance of Grade 3 learners. Conducted during the 2024–2025 school year, the research took place in a public elementary school in Misamis Occidental with a purposively selected group of 43 Grade 3 pupils who exhibited low performance in Mathematics. Utilizing a classroom-based action research design, the study employed researcher-made lesson plans, pre-tests, and post-tests to assess improvement. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a t-test to determine the significance of the learners’ progress. Results revealed that before the intervention, most pupils did not meet the expected proficiency level, indicating difficulties in grasping fundamental math concepts. After the use of flashcards, students’ performance significantly improved. These findings affirm the value of flashcards as a practical and effective instructional tool in Mathematics. The study recommends incorporating flashcards in daily instruction and exploring their use in other subjects to support active and visual learning among young learners.
Dr. Noni Rajkhowa
Environmental Education has become increasingly important in today’s world as human activities continue to affect natural systems. It helps individuals develop the knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes needed to understand the relationship between humans and the environment. This study explores the importance of Environmental Education, particularly its role in shaping student awareness and responsible behaviour. It highlights how Environmental Education enables learners to recognise environmental problems such as pollution, resource depletion, climate change, and urbanization. The paper also examines the role of schools in providing environmental learning through interdisciplinary teaching, practical activities, and value-based education. The study emphasizes that introducing Environmental Education from early childhood is essential for developing environmentally responsible citizens. The research concludes that strong environmental awareness, combined with effective school-based initiatives, can significantly contribute to sustainable environmental protection.
Idris Adam Muhammed, J.E.Owuna, S.O. Obikezie, U. Owuna
Mining activities significantly alter environmental quality during the dry season, when evaporation concentrates contaminants in soil and water. This study assessed the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of soil and water during the dry season from the Udege mining area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Soil microbiological analysis revealed total heterotrophic bacterial counts of 1.89×10¹ ± 2.03 cfu/g, with Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp., and fungi present. Water samples showed total coliforms (1.36×10¹ ± 3.2 cfu/mL), E. coli (2.25×10¹ ± 4.1 cfu/mL), and fungi (6.8×10¹ ± 2.1 cfu/mL). Physicochemical analysis revealed slightly acidic water (pH 5.72–5.95), moderate conductivity (107.55 ± 7.06 µS/cm), and elevated heavy metals. Soil characteristics included pH 6.78 ± 0.10, organic carbon 2.21 ± 0.14 mg/kg and metals like Cd (0.029 mg/kg), Pb (0.031 mg/kg) and Cr (0.438 mg/kg). Results show increased pollutant concentration in the dry season, increasing health risks. This study provides baseline environmental data, signals the impacts and presence of resilient, potential environmentally utilizable organisms and highlights the need for improved mining regulation.
Deepak Kumar, Dr. Kumar Amrendra, Nivedita Singh, Rohit Kumar Das
Artificial Intelligence use in recruitment has enhanced efficiency but also created ethical issues regarding bias, fairness, and transparency. The conventional AI recruitment systems tend to perpetuate existing human prejudices, which result in gender, race, or socioeconomic-based discrimination. With this problem, we suggest Ethicruit, a novel framework for AI that will promote fair and ethical hiring. It applies debiasing algorithms to preprocess the data and uses fairness-aware machine learning algorithms to make more informed decisions. The system incorporates an explainability module that provides transparent reasons for every recommendation and eliminates the "black box" issue. Experiments demonstrate that Ethicruit is less biased while maintaining accuracy and efficiency in candidate ranking. This research enables Responsible AI by encouraging fairness, diversity, and inclusion in the workplace.
Jonathan P. Mellona, Miguel R. Santos
This study aimed to determine the relationship between the students’ learning experience and science process skills through environmental project-based instruction. The study employed descriptive-correlational research design and gathered data through survey questionnaires from 80 Grade 12 STEM students at Pasig National High School during the first semester of the school year 2025-2026. Descriptive statistics revealed that the students possessed very good learning experience through environmental project-based instruction, M = 3.99. They also possessed very good science process skills, M = 3.98. Meanwhile, inferential statistics, such as Pearson’s correlation, revealed that a highly significant relationship was found between students’ learning experience and science process skills, with correlation values ranging from 0.394 to 0.612 (p<0.01). These results that improving aspects of learning experience in environmental project-based instruction could lead to improved science process skills. Furthermore, this study recommends that teachers may further enhance students’ learning experience and science process skills through integrating project-based instructions. Future research may build upon the present study by employing mixed-methods or experimental research designs to strengthen causal inferences. Experimental studies comparing project-based instruction with traditional approaches could further clarify the mechanisms through which specific instructional features influence scientific skill development.
Ahmad Shwan, Huda Miran, Naz Emad, Naz Muhammad, Usha Rani Kandula, Yahya Rizgar, Zeenath Sheikh
Background: Urinary tract infections are becoming harder to treat due to rising antibiotic resistance, increasing interest in medicinal plants such as wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), which contains bioactive compounds with strong antimicrobial properties. Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic wormwood extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: Wormwood extracts were prepared using the maceration method, and antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion technique on VITEK-confirmed bacterial isolates standardized to 0.5 McFarland. Results: The aqueous extract showed the strongest antibacterial activity, producing inhibition zones of 28 mm for S. aureus and 38 mm for S. agalactiae, while ethanolic extracts displayed moderate effects, especially against E. faecalis. Discussion: Findings indicate that wormwood—particularly in aqueous form—contains potent antimicrobial compounds capable of inhibiting UTI-causing bacteria, demonstrating potential as a natural alternative to traditional antibiotics. Conclusion: Wormwood extracts exhibit significant antibacterial activity, with aqueous extracts showing superior effectiveness, supporting their potential use as natural antimicrobial agents. Recommendations: Further research should isolate active compounds, test additional extraction methods, evaluate activity against more pathogens, and develop wormwood-based pharmaceutical formulations supported by in vivo studies.
David Ayesu Abboah-Offei, Gloria Kankam Boadu, Marie Afua Baah Bakah
Timely completion of postgraduate theses continues to be a concern in higher education, especially in subSaharan Africa where institutional constraints, supervision challenges, and financial limitations contribute to delayed graduation and attrition. This study explored the student-, supervisor-, and institution-related factors that promote the successful and timely completion of master’s theses at UCC. Guided by General Systems Theory, the study adopted a qualitative research design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposefully selected master’s graduates who completed on time, their supervisors, and university administrators. Audio recordings were transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis in ATLAS.ti. Six student-level enablers were identified: supportive academic relationships, feasible and interesting research focus, financial preparedness, research skills, commitment and self-discipline, and effective time management. Supervisor-level support included accessibility, regular meetings, timely and constructive feedback, cordial professional relationships, autonomy-supportive guidance, and methodological expertise. Institution-level facilitators included provision of research resources, capacity-building workshops, small research grants, progress monitoring, and efficient administrative processes. It was concluded that successful thesis completion results from the alignment of motivated students, responsive supervisory practices, and supportive institutional systems. The study recommends enhanced early-stage research skills training, clearer supervision standards, consistent progress tracking, and strengthened funding mechanisms. Further research should examine the predictive power of each factor using mixed-methods or multi-site approach.
Dr. Arnandar
Nowadays, Happy Birthday is widely celebrated around the world. Actually, according to the Buddhist teaching, in the Visuddhimagga, the Buddha said, “Jātipi Dukkha.” Birth is suffering. In this paper, the author would like to explore the fetus's condition and how it suffers from both perspectives: Buddhist doctrine and modern medical science. Furthermore, the Dhammapada verses will be widely illustrated to aid a clearer understanding of the nature of the Embryo in the mother’s womb, and modern medical science will highlight the fetus's suffering while in the mother's womb and as it passes through the mother’s birth canal. The aim of this investigation was to investigate and compare the Buddhist knowledge of fetal development including fetal placement inside mother’s body since Buddhism was originate concepts with the modern medical scientific explanation. This comparison aimed to identify similarities, or differences of great significance, between the anatomical and positional observations and developmental events that were described in materials from Buddhist sources and those from modern biomedicine. This study used a comparative method of analysis. The author also studied the Buddhists’ own literal sources on fetal development, mainly from canonical and commentary literature. Anatomical and obstetric descriptions from contemporary medical school textbooks and clinical literature were compared with the skull. The comparison indicated that the descriptions of fetal presentation and spatial relations in utero are largely compatible between Buddhist literature and medical science. Both models depict the fetus as being located directly posterior to the abdominal wall on a line between the mother's vertebral column and held in flexion during most of its time within the uterus. They also see the prevalence of (cephalic) head down position at birth as normal, though they acknowledge variations, in particular breech.
Alfred Area Obong
It is more than Seven years since the four East African partner states signed the Regional Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) protocol in (2014), providing ways for cooperation and critical timelines for SGR project completion. This study was carried out to determine the factors leading to the delayed construction of major construction projects concerning the SGR development in Uganda. Documentary analysis was used in this study which looked at an overview of literature from past research and studies reported on standard gauge railways, which were available online. Policy documents, laws, regulations, and contract documents were also utilized in the study. Findings were reported as themes in this study. Various factors leading to the delayed construction of the SGR in Uganda were studied, like utilization of traditional methods in procurement, length of feasibility studies and consequences, work scope and project design uncertainties, deficiencies in the contract documents or contract uncertainties, political interference, inadequate funding/resources, delayed compensation of Project Affected Persons (PAPs), delay in payments to contractors and consultants, high inflation and interest rates, Bureaucracy/corruption, limited technology, environmental factors such as regulations from NEMA, donor conditionalities in respect to ESIA such as International Financial Credit (IFC) conditionalities, Equator Principle, COVID 19 pandemic that set in and legal factors concerned with land acquisition, compensation, and work permits. The need to carry out market sounding for a potential financier for the project was explored arising from the Chinese being hesitant in financing the SGR as anticipated. However, this will accompany other financiers' conditionalities, which must be studied, and mitigation factors sought. What the Government of Uganda needs to do to mobilize adequate resources or allocate more resources or propose some special duty tax or else make budget cuts on some sectors of the economy to cater for the infrastructure development (construction of the SGR).
Kayode A. Akintoye, Olumide Simeon Ogunnusi
Customer analytics features in the digital retail age that provides an understanding of the buying behaviour and makes improvements in marketing practice. As e-commerce platforms have massive volumes of transaction data, predictive analytics can provide an effective customer segmentation and future behavioural prediction methodology in doing business. Most online retailers still do not have a means to identify high-value customers correctly or forecast repeat buy. Even though they have access to detailed transaction logs, they cannot use the information effectively. The lack of this insight can easily lead to ineffective targeting and thus unreached revenue potential. In this paper, the researcher tries to study purchase behaviour segmentation with the help of RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary) and employ machine learning capabilities to learn customer purchasing behaviour. Using the Online Retail dataset, this study uses data preprocessing, customer segmentation based on RFM scoring, Logistic Regression and Random Forest models to predict the future purchasing behaviour. In the analysis, the frequency and monetary score of customers provide a strong indication of the ability of customers to make repeat purchases. Of all the classifier models tested, Random Forest was found to be more effective and accurate than the precision of other models confirming its suitability in loud customer tests. The findings are beneficial to e-commerce websites that wish to maximize on the strategy of personalized marketing and management of customers. The opportunity to increase predictive accuracy even more is to address hybrid models and real-time segmentation in the future studies.
Aaron J.J.S. Bero, Almahden C. Lumidseg, Manuel L. Salomia
This study explores the potential of garlic (Allium sativum) skin as an alternative raw material for wood pulp in the production of paper. With the growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly resources, agricultural waste such as garlic skin offers a promising solution to help mitigate deforestation and promote waste utilization. The research investigates the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of paper produced from garlic skin pulp compared to conventional wood pulp paper. The process involved collecting garlic skins, treating them with appropriate pulping methods, and forming paper sheets through traditional papermaking techniques. Preliminary results indicate that garlic skin-based paper exhibits acceptable durability, texture, and fiber quality, making it a viable alternative for non-commercial paper applications. This study highlights the environmental and economic advantages of using agricultural by-products in papermaking and encourages further research into optimizing production techniques and improving paper quality.
Dr Aelyamma P J, Dr Priya Mariyat
The global financial crisis of 2008 triggered widespread economic disruptions, influencing trade, production, and price levels across nations. One of the most critical outcomes was the surge in global food prices, threatening food security and economic stability, particularly in developing economies like India. This paper examines the interconnection between the financial crisis and food price inflation, analyses their impact on India’s macroeconomic framework, and evaluates policy measures that insulated the Indian economy. Using secondary data from the FAO, RBI, and MOSPI, the study identifies the trends, causes, and consequences of price fluctuations and provides policy recommendations to mitigate similar future shocks.
Dr. Jimboy B. Pagalilauan, Dr. Manny A. Romeroso, Dr. Ruby U. Matienzo
This study examined the relationship between grammar self-efficacy and the academic writing performance of sixty-eight first year students enrolled in the Bachelor of Arts in English Language Studies program at Cavite State University. Many beginning college students often feel unsure about their grammar skills, and this uncertainty can influence how well they organize and express their ideas in writing. To better understand this connection, the study assessed students across four areas of grammar self-efficacy which include morphology, syntax, grammar usage, and editing. Their levels of confidence were then compared with the actual quality of their written work based on an analytic rubric. The research used a descriptive correlational design, and data were gathered through a researcher made questionnaire. The findings showed that students generally possessed a moderate level of grammar self-efficacy. However, their academic writing performance still fell within the developing range, suggesting that they continue to encounter difficulties in coherence, structure, and consistent grammar use. The results of the Pearson correlation revealed a positive and significant relationship between grammar self-efficacy and writing performance. Among the areas assessed, syntax and grammar usage showed the strongest connections to the quality of student’s essays. These results indicate that students who feel more confident in their grammar skills tend to produce clearer and better written work. The study recommends the use of focused grammar instruction, regular feedback, and writing support programs to help strengthen students’ confidence and improve their academic writing.
Dr. Sandesh Chibber, Nishant Solanki
This study reports the green synthesis of zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) using fresh Phaseolus vulgaris leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. A visible color change and a UV–Vis absorption peak at ~340 nm confirmed ZnNP formation. SEM and TEM analyses revealed predominantly cubical nanoparticles with an average size of 67 nm. DLS showed a hydrodynamic diameter of 148.7 nm and a zeta potential of –21 mV, indicating good colloidal stability. The ZnNPs exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus, with effects dependent on concentration and exposure time. Cytotoxicity assays on MCF-7 breast cancer cells showed dose-dependent inhibition, accompanied by morphological changes such as membrane blebbing and nuclear fragmentation. Molecular docking studies indicated interaction of ZnNPs with Human Serum Albumin (HSA) near Subdomain IB, involving residues like Arg-196 and His105, with a binding energy of –1.64 kcal/mol. These results suggest ZnNPs have potential for biomedical applications.
Apri I. Supii, Lalu Alfito Dinata, Salnida Yuniarti Lumbessy
Eucheuma cottonii is one of the most widely cultivated seaweeds in the Asia–Pacific region, including Indonesia. Various farming techniques have been developed to enhance its production, yet the use of verticulture—multi-tiered cultivation structures—remains limited for this species. This study is one of the first to systematically evaluate the application and effectiveness of a multi-tiered verticulture system for E. cottonii cultivation, specifically analyzing the effect of depth gradient within this novel structure. The experiment was conducted from June to September 2025 in Kodek Bay, North Lombok, Indonesia, using a completely randomized design with four depth treatments and three replicates: 0 m (P0), 1 m (P1), 2 m (P2), and 3 m (P3). Seedlings with an initial weight of 30 g were used. The measured parameters included absolute weight gain, specific growth rate, thallus length, thallus number, survival rate, and water quality. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test in SPSS. The results showed that depth treatments had a significant effect on absolute weight gain, specific growth rate, thallus length, thallus number, and survival of E. cottonii. Water-quality parameters remained within optimal ranges across all treatments, with temperature 27–28°C, pH 8.06–8.07, salinity 34–35 ppt, and light intensity 3,061–5,607 lux. The best performance was obtained at the 0-m depth (P0), yielding an absolute weight gain of 29.29±2.14 g, thallus length of 1.1±0.12 cm, 67±1.53 thalli, a specific growth rate of 2.27±0.12% day⁻¹, and a survival rate of 88.9±0.58%. Based on these findings, the 0-m depth (water surface) is definitively recommended for E. cottonii farming using the verticulture system in Kodek Bay and similar shallow waters with equivalent oceanographic conditions.
Ashish Ranjan Singh, Devanshi Rajput, Smriti Tiwari, Swati Bajpai, Vaibhav Suchari
The bacterial cells in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) outweigh the host cells by a factor of ten, and the genes encoded by the bacteria in the GIT outnumber their host genes by more than a hundredfold. The gut microbiome refers to the bacteria associated with the human digestive tract. The human gut microbiome and its role in health and disease have been extensively studied, with findings indicating participation in human metabolism, nutrition, physiology, and immunological function. Imbalances in the normal gut microbiota have been related to gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, and atopy. In the first part of this review, we evaluate our evolving knowledge of the composition, pathophysiological mechanism, and Regulation of Appetite, and the ways in which the microbial community is perturbed in dysbiotic disease states; the second part of this review covers the role of interventions that have been shown to modulate and stabilize the gut microbiota, as well as restore it to its healthy composition from the dysbiotic states seen in IBS, IBD, obesity, type 2 diabetes.
Drashti Maradiya, Nanda Patil
Background Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by gradual destruction of thyroid follicular cells,leading to progressive hypothyroidism. It is the most common cause of thyroid dysfunction in iodine- sufficient regions and shows marked female predominance. Surgical evaluation is required when malignancy cannot be excluded. Case Report A 35 year old female presented with a slowly progressive swelling on right anterior neck for 8 years. She was a known case of hypothyroidism and was on medication. Histopathological examination on total thyroidectomy specimenconfirmed Hashimoto thyroiditis. Conclusion Hashimotothyroiditis presents in young individuals with long-standing goiters that can mimic neoplastic lesions.Surgical intervention is required in cases with compressive symptoms.Early recognition and appropriate evaluation are essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management
Adada Pavani, P. Ramadevi
The rapid evolution of technology has transformed the relationship between humans and intelligent systems, shifting from basic automation to highly interactive and adaptive collaboration. Intelligent Adaptive Technologies (IAT) represent this new phase, where AI systems are designed to learn from human behavior, adjust to changing tasks, and provide timely support that strengthens decision-making and workplace efficiency. Rather than replacing human capability, these systems work alongside individuals, helping to improve accuracy, productivity, and innovation in everyday operations. This research explores how Human–AI collaboration through adaptive technologies influences organizational performance, particularly in the sectors of education, healthcare, and business services. A quantitative study was carried out with a sample of 210 participants, and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, regression methods, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings indicate that intelligent adaptive systems have a strong positive impact on employee productivity (β = 0.62, p < 0.001), accuracy in decisions (β = 0.54, p < 0.001), and overall user satisfaction (β = 0.47, p < 0.01). The results highlight that the future of work will be driven not by full automation, but by augmentation—where technology amplifies human strengths and reduces operational burdens. The study proposes a conceptual model for achieving effective Human–AI collaboration and offers practical recommendations for building organizational readiness through trust, transparency, ethical design, and employee training. These insights open pathways for further research and strategic implementation of collaborative intelligence in rapidly changing digital environments.
Devadarshini k, Priya R Iyer
This study presents an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from quail eggshell waste, further functionalized with graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Quail eggshells, rich in calcium carbonate, serve as a sustainable calcium source for hydroxyapatite production via a wet chemical precipitation method. The synthesized HAp was subsequently combined with GO to enhance its surface area, adsorption capacity, and reactivity toward pollutants. The composite material (HAp/GO) was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to evaluate its morphology, functional groups, and crystalline structure, respectively. SEM images revealed a porous structure with uniform dispersion of GO sheets on the HAp surface. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of characteristic phosphate, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups, indicating successful synthesis and functionalization. XRD analysis showed well-defined peaks corresponding to the crystalline phases of hydroxyapatite and GO. The HAp/GO composite demonstrated effective adsorption and removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants from industrial wastewater samples, highlighting its potential as a novel, sustainable adsorbent material for environmental remediation applications.
H.R. Lucero, J.R.B. Soriano, K.C.C. Angeles, K.J Sibag, P. Galela, S.M.C. Manalo
The research outlines the creation and use of an internal ticketing system via osTicket that aims at the enhancement of response time and operational efficiency among the teaching and non-teaching staff at First City Providential College (FCPC). The system is in accordance with the college's commitment to electronic transformation and service quality, and it is meant to facilitate the reporting and resolution of administrative and technical matters that are usually dealt with through manual procedures. The developmental research method was used and the study recorded the planning, the rollout, and the assessment of the ticketing platform on the local network. The indicators that were used to measure the performance were response time, communication clarity, and workload management. The findings show that there was a significant improvement in the time taken to resolve issues, manual task handling was reduced, and there was better organization of support requests through features that allowed categorization and prioritization. The user-friendly interface of the system and the built-in dashboard tools also assisted in basic reporting and tracking of issues, which in turn led to better resource distribution and internal collaboration. This project aligns with the goal of providing institutional service that is excellent through the use of digital solutions that are sustainable and in line with operational goals.
Falade, Ayotunde Atanda, Samuel A. Onasanya, Taiwo, Simeon Ayoola
This study investigated the impact of the Digital Interactive Learning Method on the academic performance of Basic Technology students in junior secondary schools in Ilorin, Kwara State. A quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test, control group design was adopted to determine the effectiveness of the method. The study population consisted of junior secondary school students, and 177 students were purposively selected based on school population, availability of qualified Basic Science and Technology teachers, and the offering of the subject. The research instrument, developed by the researcher, was validated by experts in Industrial and Technology Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna. A pilot test conducted at Government Junior Secondary School Lafiagi established the reliability of the instrument. Data collected from the pre-test and post-test were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, while independent t-test statistics were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that the Digital Interactive Learning Method significantly improved the academic performance of students compared to the conventional method, and that gender had no significant influence on students’ achievement. Based on these results, the study concludes that digital interactive strategies are effective tools for enhancing learning outcomes in Basic Technology and should be integrated into junior secondary school instruction.
Dr. G. Balarangaiah, Sudhakar Reddy
India has made remarkable progress in digital journey over the past decade. Internet connections increased from 25.15 crore in March 2014 to 96.96 crore June 2024, showing growth of 285.53 percent. The improved mobile infrastructure has helped to a massive surge in internet access. Today, 6,15,836 villages have 4G mobile connectivity, out of 6,44,131 villages in the country as on December 2024. A major part of their digital push has been about connect rural India. Bharat Net project, which was established in January 2025, has brought high- speed internet to over 2.18 lakh km of optical fiber cable has been laid under this scheme. The Unified Payment Interface (UPI) digital transactions across the country. In the month of April 2025, around 1,867.7 crore transactions worth of 24.77 lakh crore were carried out using UPI in just one moth. In the same way, Aadhar- based e-KYC system, helping for simplifying process in both banking and public services. It is helping for verification faster reducing paper work and brought transparency across different sections of the society. The total 141.88 crore Aadhar cards have been issued as on April 2025 which now became a crucial part of India’s digital backbone helping people access to easy services. Direct Benefits Transfer (DBT) supported Aadhar authentication, providing subsides and welfare payment to the community. This Aadhar cards helping to remove fake beneficiaries and saved money to the government more than Rs 3.48 lakh crore in between 2015 to 2023. This system helped beneficiary databases. The total of 5.87 crore ineligible rations card holders and 4.23 crore fake LPG connections are cancelled, making the welfare programs more transparent. The digital transformation contributed 11.74 percent to the national income in 2022-23 which projected to grow to 13.42 percent by 2024-25 with the advancements in artificial intelligence, cloud computing and digital infrastructure. By 2030, it is expected that digital technology may share one-fifth of national income and making India a leader in the global digital market.
Dada, Emmanuel Damilo, Dearsly, Emmanuel Markus, Emmanuel Ikegima, Emmanuel Ofutet, Ogidigo, Jane Chinwe, Okoo, Blessing Ahiowawanyohe, Oshatuyi Olukayode, Peter Janet
Hormone-dependent breast cancers, primarily driven by estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) signaling, account for most breast malignancies and remain a major therapeutic challenge due to frequent resistance to endocrine therapy. The search for novel, plant-derived ligands with dual modulatory activity on ERα and PR is therefore critical. This study employed an in silico approach to evaluate selected phytochemicals from Hyptis verticillata—a medicinal plant known for its diverse bioactive constituents—against ERα (Y537S mutant; PDB ID: 6CHZ) and PR (PDB ID: 4A2J). Seven phytocompounds were retrieved from the PubChem database and subjected to drug-likeness analysis using SwissADME, molecular docking with AutoDock Vina, and pharmacokinetic/toxicity prediction via ADMETlab 2.0. Among the screened compounds, squalene (−6.9 kcal/mol) and 4,7-methanon-1H-indene (−6.4 kcal/mol) demonstrated the highest binding affinities toward ERα and PR, respectively. Both ligands showed favorable hydrophobic interactions within the receptor ligand-binding domains, suggesting potential receptor antagonism or modulation. Drug-likeness and ADMET profiling revealed that 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindene and 4,7-methanon-1H-indene possess acceptable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, indicating promising oral bioavailability and low toxicity risks. The findings highlight H. verticillata phytochemicals as potential scaffolds for developing multitargeted agents capable of counteracting endocrine resistance in hormone receptor–positive breast cancers. Further validation through molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro receptor-binding assays is recommended to confirm these computational predictions and explore their mechanistic potential.
Dr. Ajanta Nayak, Sobharani Lakra
The indigenous textiles of Odisha represent centuries of cultural memory, identity expression, and ecological wisdom embedded within the practices of the Kotpad, Dongria Kondh, and Kurukh communities. These textiles are characterized by distinctive weaving traditions, natural dyeing practices, symbolic motifs, and community-based production systems that have evolved through intergenerational knowledge transfer. Although these crafts reflect sustainable, low-impact production rooted in local ecology, their survival is increasingly challenged by modernization, market dilution, and reduced youth participation. This manuscript critically examines the cultural, socio-economic, and environmental dimensions of Odisha's indigenous textiles, employing ethnographic fieldwork, archival analysis, and design anthropology methods. By applying frameworks of heritage preservation and sustainability theory, the study highlights how these textile traditions exemplify regenerative craft practices and contribute to debates on ethical fashion. A strengthened methodology, theoretical grounding, and discussion connecting literature with field data provide a comprehensive narrative. The study concludes by offering pathways for safeguarding cultural heritage while promoting sustainable livelihoods for indigenous weaving communities.
Emmanuel O, Ezeifeh VT, Ordu CA, Patrick-Iwuanyanwu C
Background: health hazards remain a challenge globally and many workers know little or nothing about these deleterious challenges. The petrol fuel attendant is exposed to petrol fumes most times without adequate protection, this habit is often due to either ignorance or unregulated activities of the retail arm of the petrochemical industry. There is a possibility of increased risk for developing acute and chronic respiratory diseases in this group compared to those without this exposure, therefore this study seeks to access the risk associated with the progressive injury to the lung due to petrol fumes exposure. Methodology: A community-based, cross-sectional, analytical study conducted over six months in an urban setting in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State, South-South Nigeria with an area of 502 Km2 and a population of 127,718 as recorded in the March 2006 census. A DTspiro spirometer (Model POP-10. Serial no 110843-005) was used to accessed lung function in selected petrol pump attendants with their corresponding control group. Ethical approval was obtained from Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital Research and Ethics Committee with approval number ISTH/RÐICS/COM/83. Data analysis was done using the International Business Machines Statistical Product and Service Solutions (IBM- SPSS) version 22. The mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, forced vital capacity (PEFR) and forced expiratory flow (FEF25%-75%) were calculated and compared using the student’s t-test. The risk of developing lung function impairment following exposure to petrol fumes was assessed by calculating the odd ratio (OR) at 95% confidence interval using the binomial logistic regression. Results: A significant reduction in mean Peak expiratory flow rate PEFR (P=0.001), forced vital capacity FVC (P=0.003), FEV1 (P=0.003), FEV1/FVC (P=0.036) and FEF25 - 75 (P=0.001) was observed in the study group compared to the control group. The lung function impairment in the study group was an obstructive and restrictive pattern with predominantly restrictive impairment accounting for 27.9% while the obstructive pattern was found in 8.6% while the control group also shows a predominantly restrictive pattern 8.6% and obstructive in only 2.9%. This difference was statistically significant with p= 0.001. A significant fourfold risk of development of lung function impairment when exposed to petrol fumes (OR = 4.44, p < 0.001 at Confidence Interval of 95%) was recorded. Conclusion and recommendation: The study shows that continous exposure to petrol fumes as seen in petrol pump attendant resulted in significant reduction of their lung functions and increased risk of developing respiratory diseases. Therefore, awareness and use of personal protective equipment with regulation of the retail arm of the petroleum industry would be important to mitigate this dawdling cause of lungs injury.
Destiny Young, Osinachi Ozocheta
The security and systemic resilience of critical infrastructure (CI) in developing economies, such as Nigeria, require executive-level governance akin to the NIS 2 Directive's mandates for management body oversight and direct liability (European Parliament & Council of the European Union, 2022). Nigeria's CI faces annual losses exceeding $1 billion from cyber incidents, underscoring the urgency for integrated frameworks (Central Bank of Nigeria, 2024). This governance mandate is necessary because current risk models are often inadequate for accurately assessing the probability and consequence of sophisticated hybrid attacks (NIST, 2008). This paper establishes a synthesized governance framework, leveraging Agency Theory to diagnose internal accountability failures within Nigerian CI organisations (Burch et al., 2024). The resulting model structurally integrates strategies for confronting two paramount systemic threats: complex vulnerabilities within the Artificial Intelligence (AI) supply chain (DHS, 2024; IBM, 2024) and the multiplying effects of the Cyber Climate Nexus (Guy Carpenter, 2025; UNDP, 2024). The prescribed five step model provides a practical and auditable blueprint for strengthening corporate accountability, institutionalising formal risk acceptance procedures, and transitioning from fragmented compliance to proactive, integrated operational resilience (CISA, 2024; Parlov et al., 2025).
Asha Sugumar, S. Gunaseelan, S. Shanmugesh, T. Prabakaran
Animal and bird intrusions in modern agricultural fields are persistent problems that may cause serious damage to crops and financial loss. AI-powered intelligent surveillance systems are imbued with the power of machine learning for effective and reliable solutions. Based on this, this paper proposes a real-time wildlife detection and monitoring system that will help farmers in effectively and efficiently detecting and handling intruding animals and birds. The YOLOv8 algorithm, which is a high-end deep learning framework for fast and accurate object detection, is used to implement the proposed system. A camera captures continuous images of the farm environment, then pre-processing of the images using OpenCV could be done, including noise reduction, resizing, and normalization, for increased accuracy in object detection. After detection, the images are sent to the remote server and deleted automatically after processing to save storage. Other steps necessary to provide real-time efficient performances are dimensionality reduction, feature extraction, and image compression. After detecting the intrusion, multiple automated responses from the system include sending an email to the farmer with a detected species and timestamp, switching the buzzer on for immediate notification, and showing the detection details on the LCD display. When nighttime falls, LED floodlights automatically turn on to improve visibility and keep nighttime wildlife away. Continuous improvement of the YOLOv8 model will enable it to recognize a wide range of species, and with changing environmental conditions, update its model accordingly.
Asit, B, Jenith J, Shijin C, Sujatha. S
The purpose of this study was to examine the qualitative, quantitative estimation of phytocompounds, proximate composition and antibacterial activity also anticancer activity against the skin melanoma cancer cell lines of the three different citrus based fruit juices named as Citrus limon, (L.) Citrus × sinensis (l.), Phyllanthus emblica (Linn.) and its composition mixture of curd, honey and spice extract. Apart from the current research conclusion that above said all the property of the biological effect clearly denoted the main peak flavonoid and phenolic compounds such as Limonene, 3,3-Dimethyl-4-(3,3,4,4-tetra methyloxetan-2-ylidene) butan-2-one and 9-Octadecenoic acid (z) o elucidated by GCMS technique. Among the various compounds these three compounds possessed excellent pharmacological potential properties particularly against the pathogenic clinical organisms and skin melanoma cancer lines. Moreover, when subjected the highly potential mixed commodities of three fruit mixture with Honey showed a unique biological impact so the same sample treated with SKM cancer cell lines. After treted cell lines showed the remarkable apoptotic anticancer activity and DNA fragmentation assay. Therefore the present research was clearly denoted among the six various experimental samples mixture composition of specific commodity of Honey was a better potential biological effect has been reflected overall the framed objectives. Hence, the present work uniquely expressed these three Citrus-based fruit juices with honey substance is very potential for human health because rich in flavonoids and other bioactive compounds, exhibit promising anticancer activities, including the ability to inhibit cancer cell growth, induce apoptosis, and potentially prevent metastasis
H. R. Lucero, I. C. O. De Leon, J. B. Drilon, L.J.B. Abaloyan, N. J. S. Cabansag
Security systems have rapidly evolved with the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), sensor technologies, and mobile computing. This study presents the design, development, and evaluation of an IoT-powered automated security architecture intended for modern establishments. The system integrates motion detection, real-time video monitoring, mobile alerts, and automated alarm responses to enhance security readiness and reduce risks associated with theft, intrusion, and unauthorized access. Using an IoT microcontroller as the core processor, the system collects sensor data, triggers automated alarms, and sends mobile notifications when abnormal activity is detected. A mobile application enables remote activation, monitoring, and video retrieval through cloud storage. Results show that the system achieved a “Very Highly Acceptable” overall rating (mean = 4.60/5.00) in safety, motion accuracy, alarm responsiveness, and notification reliability, outperforming traditional CCTV in detection accuracy and notification speed. While the system proved effective, limitations such as reliance on stable power and network connectivity were identified. Future work will focus on enhancing scalability, integrating advanced analytics, and strengthening data privacy measures. The findings demonstrate that IoT-driven integrated security systems can effectively strengthen establishment protection, increase situational awareness, and support rapid response during potential security breaches.
Mitzi E. Jumawid
This study explored the lived experiences of Chief Investigators of Women and Children Protection Desks (WCPD) in the Third (3rd) District of Bohol. Specifically, sought answers to the following questions: the experiences of the informants, strategies employed in addressing the problems encountered, and aspirations of the informants to improve the quality of service in handling cases of domestic violence? Utilized was the phenomenological and qualitative approach in this study employing methods as interviews as key process in data gathering. They were ten selected chief investigators of WCPD section, four of them had been interviewed individually and the remaining six are the members of the Focused Group Discussion (FGD). It is a conceptual convenience sampling where they chosen from the municipal police station that have most populated municipality and more cases of domestic violence were reported. The study locale is in the 3rd Congressional District of Bohol and focused on the ident ified police station: Bilar, Garcia Hernandez, Jagna, Mabini, Alicia, Candijay, Carmen, Guindulman, Pilar, and Sierra Bullones. I used an Interview Guide aided with the voice recorder for the basis of transcribing the response of the informants. Utilized the colaizzi’s method a phenomenological analysis procedure in analyzing the responses of the informant during the conduct of interview. For the experiences of the informants as Chief Investigators of Women and Children Protection Desks (WCPD) themes formulated were positive experiences: Fulfillment in Restored Justice and Elation in Victims Gratitude. Negative experiences: Disillusionment in Abandoned Cases and Exasperation from Outsider Condemnation. For the strategies employed by the informants, formulated themes are: Illumination through Public Mobilization, Protective Altruism, Discretion in Sensitive Disclosure and Resilience Through Empowerment. For the aspirations of the informants, themes are: Procuring Resources for Advocacy, and Revitalizing Proficiency. It is suggested that in order to avoid repetition of cases desistance and victimization, perpetrator must undergo several community service and series of lecture, enhance victim support program through budget allocation and establishment of facility and provide additional program like skills training and livelihood program to support nonearning victims of domestic violence in generating income.
Kudzanai Katandika, Martina Mthombeni
Corruption has become one of the persistent worsening problems affecting Zimbabwe. This study presents the formulation of a basic corruption mathematical model and its analysis. We extend the corruption model and analysis revealed that the model is globally and asymptotically stable. The analysis revealed that corruption free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if R0 < 1 and the endemic equilibrium is locally stable whenever R0 > 1. To verify the theoretical analysis , numerical simulations were carried out using MATLAB and Python. The numerical simulations reinforced the analytic solutions and we concluded that, the combination of the proposed control strategies which are religious teaching and mass education combined with use of law enforcement successfully control levels of corruption in the country.
Sunil Kumar Pareek, Vipin Kumar
The strain on current power systems is increased by rising energy consumption. Fossil-fuel dependence continues producing huge carbon emissions. An improved hybrid model that combines solar, wind, and battery units is proposed in this study. Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization refine system behaviour in real time. Environmental inputs and load changes support effective operational predictions (Kim et al., 2023). Analytical approaches track monthly emissions, energy transfer, and storage losses. Results demonstrate reduced emissions and greater energy efficiency during twelve months. Emission estimates reached 0.12–0.14 kg CO₂ per kilowatt-hour. During favourable seasonal conditions, efficiency increased to about 86%. Dynamic control provided stable operation under changeable weather patterns. Reliable output during high demand periods was confirmed by primary data. Comparative research showed notable improvements over previous static models (Ahmad et al., 2017). Adjustments made in real time improved battery scheduling and decreased reliance on the grid. The technique supports cleaner and adaptive hybrid systems for future use. It offers scalability across regions with diverse climate conditions. The concept promotes smart-grid readiness and supports long-term sustainability goals. Future research could include deeper AI predictions, blockchain verification, and resilience to extreme weather. This study develops practical modelling methodologies for next-generation renewable energy systems.
Ayodeji Aderibigbe, Joshua Oluwasanmi Owoseni, Kunle Barnabas Oladapo, Oluwaseun Franklin Olabode, Raymond Oluwadolapo Aderoju, Sunday Olabisi Daramola, Victor Oladoja, Yinusa Ayodele Asiwaju-bello
Clayey soils have long been utilized in various industrial applications, particularly in the production of ceramics. The physical and mineralogical properties of these soils control their intrinsic behavior, which plays a vital role in determining their suitability for industrial applications. This study aims to explore the mineralogical and physical properties of selected clayey soils from Ekiti state in southwestern Nigeria and assess their implications for ceramic applications. The XRD analysis revealed that the soils contain kaolinite and illite as the dominant clay minerals, with significant quantities of quartz as well as considerable percentages of muscovite and goethite. Physical tests indicate that the soils consist of clays, silts, sand, and a subordinate amount of gravels, while the range of clay-sized particles suggests that the soils would not exhibit excessive shrinkage during firing. The plasticity chart reveals that the soils plot in the domain of medium to high plasticity and compressibility. Additionally, most of the clays studied presented liquid limit values in the range defined for raw clayey materials designated for ceramic applications. Moreover, the plasticity index of the clayey soils suggests that they are unlikely to be susceptible to inappropriate extrusion process. The position plots of the clayey soils on the workability chart indicate that the linear shrinkage of these samples would require some amendments prior to their processing. Furthermore, the high linear shrinkage exhibited by the soils could result in deformation and microcracking during the production of bricks, thereby requiring the addition of degreasers to reduce the plasticity of the clays before utilization. A general reduction in the water adsorption capacity with a corresponding increase in the firing temperature was observed. This could significantly affect the durability and mechanical characteristics of the soils. The flexural strength (FS) of the studied soils generally increased with increased firing temperature suggesting that the technological property is highly dependent on the temperature of firing.
Gerald Wachira Mbugua, Otieno Kevin Okoth, Otieno Winstone Ochieng
Biomass waste utilization has garnered a lot of interest lately, particularly in the purification of environmental water. Water pollution caused by excessive nitrates has become a significant environmental concern globally. The traditional treatment methods often involve costly and energy-intensive processes. This chapter examines the potential of using modified fruit peels, specifically modified orange peels biochars, as natural bio sorbents for the removal of nitrates and phosphates from environmental waters. Biochar, a charcoal-like material produced by heating biomass in an oxygen limited environment, has emerged as a promising tool for water purification due to its unique properties and environmental advantages. Its microporous structure offers a vast surface area decorated with functional groups, ideal for capturing contaminants such as the phosphates and the nitrates. Biochar's purification power works through a combination of mechanisms. It acts like a sponge, using its porous structure to trap contaminants physically through adsorption. The charged functional groups on its surface also act like magnets, attracting and holding onto unwanted ions through ion exchange. Scientists rely on mathematical models like Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to fully understand how well biochar will work in a particular situation. These models describe how efficiently biochar removes contaminants at varying concentrations either through monolayer adsorption route on homogenous surfaces as in the case of Langmuir or onto heterogenous surfaces as in the case of Freundlich isotherm, providing valuable insights for optimizing biochar-based water treatment systems.
Ananya Tiwari, Ashish Ranjan Singh, Fariya Khan, Sakshi Omar, Shalu Pal, Swati Bajpai
Aging is a major hazard for many neurodegenerative diseases that decline our body movements, and it is included with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease all these were affected in human health. In aging due to the global population increases rapidly in number of individuals. It is a major complex risk factor and biological process for diseases. In humans Alzheimer’s disease causes dementia in adults. All these diseases are caused by genetic mutation from the production of abnormal proteins which deposit in our brain cell that leads to memory loss and cognitive decline. The blood brain barrier is a semi permeable membrane which is obtained from sensitive monitoring diseases which are efficient in drug delivery. In India over 138 million in individuals aged 60 or above constitute from the disorders about 10% of population are expected that in future it rises 20%. It produces a disease in the brain cells by oxidative stress due to cytotoxic consequences and produces the changes in phosphodiesterase-fatty acid. A biomarker like homocysteine and apolipoprotein (ApoE4) in treatment of vascular risk factors in disease development, and synaptic marker measure the blood or brain tissue to assess the synaptic damage. The benefit is that it leads to a better understanding and treatment of the (CNS) and develops a remarkable adaptability. The aim is to study the area of improving the public health issues from the increasing aging population by identifying the degeneration in advancing field as the biomarkers emerges for better clinical research and examining the therapeutic strategies for the prevention of the diseases.
Wasike David
The Ugandan economy is a combination of traditional agriculture-based production and emerging knowledge-intensive sectors. Production factors, according to classical economic theory, are a function of land, labour, and capital, representing the agrarian and industrial roots of the economy. According to Smith (1776), Ricardo (1817), land remains an important input in production, although labour and physical capital are generally limited by inadequate skills and financing in Uganda. The increase in contemporary production emphasizes entrepreneurship, innovation, and knowledge/technology as the driving forces behind value creation. Drucker (1993) and Romer (1990) advance that the qualitative approach involves policy analysis and a series of in-depth interviews with key informants who can provide evidence for an in-depth critical examination of how productive capacity in Uganda relates to both classical and contemporary factors. In that context, the study adopts an interpretivist-constructivist paradigm in which stakeholders contextualize the meaning of and implement a strategy for production. The findings indicate that classical factors remain foundational but that contemporary factors, mainly entrepreneurship and ICT-driven innovations, serve as critical drivers of economic diversification and structural transformation. However, incomplete access to quality education and technology, and financing opportunities, hinders complete exploitation of such contemporary production factors. These factors lead to a hybrid framework that incorporates both classical and modern factors as likely to constitute a far more comprehensive model against which Ugandan development could be understood. This includes policy implications involving investing in the development of skills and digital infrastructure, along with supporting entrepreneurship programs to harmonize productive capacity between traditional and modern sectors. These measures will enhance economic productivity, decrease unemployment, and strengthen Uganda's competitiveness within regional and global markets.
Curllie Jeremiah Farmanor
Access to wind farm sites in Nigeria has remained a persistent challenge due to the combined effects of poor road infrastructure and adverse weather conditions. These factors have limited the efficiency of logistics and maintenance operations, consequently affecting the sustainability of wind energy projects. This study developed a multimodal deep learning framework that integrated road surface imagery and meteorological data to predict road accessibility to wind farm locations across Nigeria. Road surface data were obtained from the Humanitarian Data Exchange (HeiGIT, 2024), while meteorological variables, including rainfall, temperature, and humidity, were retrieved from NASA’s POWER API. The integrated model, combining convolutional and recurrent neural network layers, achieved an overall accuracy of 92.4% and an F1-score of 0.89, outperforming unimodal baselines. Results revealed that rainfall and humidity exerted the most significant influence on road navigability, reducing accessibility scores by up to 40% in high-precipitation regions. The findings demonstrated the potential of multimodal AI to enhance predictive infrastructure management and support sustainable wind farm operations in developing contexts such as Nigeria.
Ashish Ranjan Singh, Deepak Verma, Mohd. Moinuddin, Ritik Nishad, Ritikesh, Supriya Kumari
Stomach cancer, or gastric cancer, continues to be a major global health challenge, largely because it is often detected late and responds poorly to standard treatments. Traditional therapies like chemotherapy and radiotherapy frequently struggle with issues such as high toxicity, low drug solubility, and the development of multidrug resistance. In recent years, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising way to overcome these barriers. By designing nanoparticles that can carry drugs directly to the tumour, researchers are able to achieve better targeting, controlled drug release, and enhanced drug accumulation at the cancer site through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. When nanoparticles are further modified with specific ligands, they can actively recognize tumour markers, improving, treatment precision while reducing harm to healthy tissues. Innovations in polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, and nano-micelles have significantly improved drug stability, bioavailability, and overall patient comfort. As this review highlights, the integration of nanotechnology into gastric cancer therapy represents an exciting step toward personalized medicine and may open the door to more effective clinical treatments in the future.
Nwose Roseline Nwuguru
The high cost of poultry feed ingredients has become a threat due to challenging demands and climate change that affects crops production. This environmental problem is a severe limitations to both crops yields, livestock and human being on struggle for food. Hence, this study measures the nutrient digestibility of the alternative feed ingredients, organ weights and economic benefits of broilers fed test diets. Three hundred day old Anak breeds were used and the birds were randomly assigned to five diets in a completely randomized design consisting of four replicates with 15 birds per replicate. Five experimental diets were formulated. Diets were replaced with donkey’s ceacal meal (DCM) such that diet 1 (T1) served as control (0%). Diet T2 contained 2.5% and diets T3, T4 and T5 contained 5.0%, 7.5%, 10% (DCM) respectively. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan New multiple Range Test. The results of the nutrient digestibility revealed that there were significantly (P<0.05) different in all the parameters measured. There was no significant (P<0.05) differences in the parameters measured for heart, kidney and lungs. The result revealed that cost/kg feed (N), cost of feed consume/bird in (N), the cost of kg/weight gain and cost of production/bird showed that treatment diets improved the birds (P<0.05) higher in control diet than the replaced diets 2.5% -10% DCM. Diet (T2) had highest (P<0.05) value in the revenue (at N750 /kg)/bird here. The DCM could be replaced up to 10% without any negative outcome on the broiler chickens.
V. Jeyanthi
In this paper, we introduce the notion of open sets and strong sets to obtain decomposition of continuity via idealization. Additionally, we investigate properties of open sets and strong sets
Ingale Nilesh, K. Saravanan, Lal Kundan, Namani Prasadbabu Lal Kundan, Nitin Nigul S, Rajendra Deokar
The roof panel and roof bow are critical components of the Body-in-White (BIW) structure, significantly influencing vehicle strength, durability, and NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance. Poor design in these areas can lead to NVH deterioration, resulting in discomfort for occupants. The roof bow must meet key functional requirements such as durability, fatigue resistance, and noise control under normal operating conditions. Incorporating design considerations early in the development phase such as material selection, geometry, and joining techniques can help shorten the product development timeline for OEMs. Adopting a "first-time-right" approach enables efficient optimization of the roof bow design, ensuring performance targets are met while also achieving long-term cost savings. This paper describes the robust and optimal design for standard roof panels and roof bows of small utility vehicles. The structure meets the required operating conditions for durability and passes NVH target above 20 Hz. Finite element models are developed with different control factors that influence structure design. In this paper evaluates the impact of each component on the noise produced by the drumming of the roof and demonstrates how the integration of multiple factors can be skilfully utilized to create an ideal and resilient design that remains lightweight in the context of vehicle operation conditions. The final robust and optimized FEM design is proposed to eliminate the roof drumming noise in the small utility vehicle.
Ms. Kavya Vijayan, Ms. Sincy Chacko
This study investigated the influence of parental stress on the emotional well-being of Non-Resident Indian (NRI) children living in Middle Eastern countries. The research sought to understand how parental stress, coping mechanisms, and selected demographic factors shape children’s emotional adjustment in an expatriate context. A sample of 101 respondents was chosen through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a self-prepared standardized questionnaire and analyzed through multiple regression. The independent variables included parental stress assessment, coping mechanisms, age, gender, country of residence, duration of stay in the Middle East, number of children aged 5–16 years, and work status, while the dependent variable was child emotional well-being. The regression model was statistically significant (R = .778, R² = .606, Adjusted R² = .571, p < .001), showing that nearly 57% of the variance in child emotional well-being was explained by the predictors. Parental stress and coping mechanisms were the strongest positive contributors, while gender, duration of stay, and number of children also had significant effects. Age, work status, and current country of residence were not significant predictors. The findings highlight that parental stress and coping play a central role in shaping the emotional well-being of NRI children. The findings underscore the critical need for targeted stress management programs and supportive interventions to promote healthier emotional outcomes for expatriate children.
Adebola, F. B, Ajala, O. H
Model that prescribes the optimal appointment date for a patient at the moment this patient makes his request at the outpatient clinic is developed. We categorized patients into two. The first category is concerned with patients with a maximum recommended waiting time. For these types of patient, the sooner these patients are scheduled the better and when the maximum recommended waiting time is exceeded, extra costs are incurred. The other category is characterized by a specific appointment time. The closer the scheduled appointment time is to the specific appointment time, the lower the costs. The objective is to minimize the long-run expected average cost. We modelled the scheduling process as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). we then apply the Bellman Error Minimization (BEM) method as an Approximate Dynamic Programming technique in order to derive an estimate of the optimal value function of our MDP of which the optimal policy (appointment date) can be derived. To determine the set of representative states, which is an element of the BEM method, we use the k-means algorithm. We test several approximation functions and find an approximation function that outperforms all other functions in the scheduling process over four, six, and eight working days. The Approximation Function B gives the near optimal appointment date for patients when appointments are requested. In general, it holds that the higher the arrival rate of patients at the outpatient clinic, the better our BEM method performs. But if the arrival rate reaches a certain value the load of the system becomes that high that it does not matter what policy is applied, since many patients have to be rejected.
Adewoye, S. O, Babalola, F. T., Ogundiran, M. A.
This research aimed at assessing physico-chemical characteristics and occurrence of heavy metals in water samples from Oba River. The physico-chemical characteristics and concentrations of heavy metals were determined using standard methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Practically, all the physico-chemical characteristics assessed fell within acceptable standards by World Health Organization and Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). Cobalt, chromium, cadmium and lead were undetected from the water samples. Nickel and copper were only detected during the rainy season, while iron was extremely high during the rainy season. The anthropogenic activities around Oba River had insignificant effect on the water quality considering the water physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metals analysis. However, high iron concentration in Oba River during rainy season should be further researched to identify the source(s) and continuous management of the water body is required.
Dr. Jagruti Barot, Dr. Kailash Patel, Ragini Dalal
Vermicomposting is a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to handle organic waste that improves soil fertility by enriching it with nutrients. In this research, three distinct types of vermicompost made from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) gathered close to the Tapi area in Surat will be examined for their physicochemical characteristics and the levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K). Eisenia fetida was used in the vermicomposting process, and three different formulations were used, each of which included water hyacinth and other organic ingredients to maximise decomposition. Compost maturity and quality were evaluated using physicochemical criteria, such as pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, moisture content, and C/N ratio. To ascertain each compost type's capacity for nitrogen augmentation, the NPK content was examined using accepted analytical techniques. Significant differences in nutritional content were shown by the data, with the vermicompost enhanced with cow dung showing the highest NPK levels. The research emphasises how vermicomposting may effectively transform invasive aquatic weeds into organic fertilisers that are high in nutrients, hence encouraging sustainable farming methods in the Tapi area.
Adewoye, S. O, Babalola, F. T, Ogundiran, M. A
This research aimed at assessing physico-chemical characteristics and occurrence of heavy metals in water samples from Oba River. The physico-chemical characteristics and concentrations of heavy metals were determined using standard methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Practically, all the physico-chemical characteristics assessed fell within acceptable standards by World Health Organization and Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). Cobalt, chromium, cadmium and lead were undetected from the water samples. Nickel and copper were only detected during the rainy season, while iron was extremely high during the rainy season. The anthropogenic activities around Oba River had insignificant effect on the water quality considering the water physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metals analysis. However, high iron concentration in Oba River during rainy season should be further researched to identify the source(s) and continuous management of the water body is required.
Amove, Julius, Igbabul, Bibiana Dooshima, Omefe, Chinelo Juliet
This study investigated physicochemical and sensory properties of cookies produced from African yam bean, turmeric and banana flours. Five blends were used: Sample A (control) contained 100% banana flour, while Samples B, C, D, and E incorporated 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% African yam bean flour, respectively, with a constant 5% turmeric flour. The cookie samples were subjected to physicochemical and sensory analyses using standard procedure. The proximate analysis showed significant increases (p<0.05) in ash (4.14–5.69%), fat (6.47–16.57%), fibre (0.57–1.26%), and protein (2.20–10.94%) as African yam bean flour increased, while carbohydrates decreased (82.73–60.74%). Physical properties revealed a reduction in cookie weight (10.82–9.79 g), diameter (4.88–4.51 cm), and thickness (0.93–0.82 cm), with an improvement in the spread ratio (0.58–1.24). Sensory evaluation indicated that the control (100% banana flour) was most preferred, but all other cookies samples were within acceptable limits for appearance (7.27–8.33), taste (6.73–8.20), and crispiness (7.20–8.13). This study recommends the inclusion of African yam bean and turmeric flours at up to 30% substitution for banana flour in cookie formulations to enhance nutritional quality while maintaining consumer acceptability at affordable cost.
Dr Elamathi Natarajan, K Reshma, Muhammed Asif, V G Shanmuga Priya
Phyllanthus niruri L., a widely used traditional medicinal plant, has been reported to possess various therapeutic properties, including anticancer potential. However, its direct cytotoxic effects on specific cancer cell lines such as HeLa (cervical cancer) and MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer) remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of the aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri against these cell lines using in vitro and in silico approaches. The MTT assay revealed that the extract induced significant dose-dependent cytotoxicity in both cell lines, with an IC₅₀ of 0.1924 µg/mL for HeLa and 0.017 µg/mL for MDA-MB-231, indicating a stronger effect on breast cancer cells even at lower concentrations. To further support the anticancer potential, antioxidant activity was assessed via DPPH free radical scavenging assay, which showed increased scavenging capacity with rising concentrations, suggesting the presence of bioactive phytochemicals. GC-MS analysis identified key phytoconstituents, including alkanes, alkenes, phenolic compounds, alcohols, thiadiazoles, and terpenes. Molecular docking studies were performed using the breast cancer target protein 6NM8, where most compounds exhibited weak to moderate binding affinities. Among these, 2-Hexyl-1-decanol showed the most promising interaction (-5.1 kcal/mol) with acceptable ADME properties. These findings highlight the cytotoxic efficacy of Phyllanthus niruri L., especially against MDA-MB-231 cells, and suggest its potential as a lead source for anticancer therapeutics. Further studies are warranted to isolate individual active compounds and elucidate their mechanisms of action.
O. M. M. Nwadi, T. M. Okonkwo
This paper aims to evaluate the protein quality and the effect of extrusion on the extrudates from whole-wheat flour and chicken egg and also, the effect of storage on amino acid profile and protein solubility of the extrudates. The whole-wheat flour was mixed separately either with the raw whole egg, egg yolk or egg albumen, a twin-screw extruder was used for the extrusion of the samples. After production, one portion of the extrudates was used for initial quality evaluation (protein solubility, protein digestibility and amino acid profile). The second portion was stored at ambient room condition and the third portion was stored at 37 oC in a thermostatically controlled oven. The extrudates were stored for twelve weeks. Ambient room relative humidity and temperature were monitored throughout the period of storage. Amino acid profile of the extrudates were determined at the beginning and at the end of the storage period of the extrudates stored at ambient temperature conditions. Protein solubility of the extrudates were determined at the beginning and subsequently two weeks interval for the samples stored at ambient room condition and the samples stored at 37 oC for ten weeks. Protein digestibility of the extrudates were determined at the beginning for the samples stored at ambient room condition. Data analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance. Results show that extrusion cooking decreased the protein digestibility of the samples. Storage had no effect on the protein solubility of the samples which were in the same range (69.50 - 88.50%) in all of the samples. However, temperature of storage had a slight effect, samples stored at 37 oC reduced more in solubility compared to those stored at ambient room temperatures. Storage had no effect on the amino acid contents of the samples.
Criscêncio Luís Sande Botão
This article addresses public policies, focusing on drug policy in Mozambique, which has been in place for almost ten years. Its purpose is to describe the salient aspects of drug policy in Mozambique, almost ten years after its introduction, that can be improved and/or enhanced to fully meet the needs of the population. Methodologically, this is a qualitative and exploratory study, therefore, an updated literature review on the subject was conducted. Based on this, the main theoretical concepts related to the topic are discussed, as well as their interconnections. Despite the policy ensuring the state's role as the number one guarantor of healthcare for the population, on the one hand, by creating and urging the drug regulatory authority as an interventionist entity to guarantee the quality of medical and surgical supplies, and on the other hand, by allowing community healthcare through dispersed public pharmacies, the methodology used led to the conclusion that there is no specific regulation for good manufacturing, marketing, and distribution practices that could refer to the supply of medical and surgical supplies.
J. K. Annan, J. M. Yevunya
Reliable Medium Voltage (MV) distribution networks are critical to economic activities in Ghana, particularly in mining-intensive municipalities such as Tarkwa, where prolonged outages impose substantial operational losses. This study evaluates the reliability performance of the 11 kV Town 1, Town 2 and Manganese feeders supplied from the Atoabo Bulk Supply Point (BSP), a strategically important node feeding high-value industrial and residential loads. Six years of outage data (2016–2021) were analysed and used to calibrate an ETAP probabilistic reliability model, addressing the absence of simulation-based reliability evaluation and automation-planning studies for Ghanaian MV distribution networks. The calibrated ETAP model replicated historical SAIFI and SAIDI values within ±5–10%, confirming strong model fidelity. Simulation results show that ACR deployment yields significant reliability improvement at SAIFI reduction of 35–40% on Town 2, SAIDI reduction of 32–35% on Manganese feeder, and overall reliability improvement of 25–30% on Town 1. The findings demonstrate that targeted MV automation at Atoabo BSP provides a cost-effective and high-impact reliability intervention, capable of reducing cumulative annual customer interruption duration by over 100 hours per feeder. This work provides an investable pathway for Electricity Company of Ghana to achieve Public Utilities and Regulatory Commission’s reliability benchmarks in similar radial distribution environments.
Ayanru, O.A, Iloh J.P.I, Onyiaji, N.C.
The fast merging of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies with Renewable Energy Systems (RES) is changing the world energy infrastructures into new digitalized, effective, and sustainable energy operations. This paper provides a comprehensive review based on the PRISMA framework in order to explore the role, challenges and opportunities of adopting the I4.0 technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data analytics, Blockchain and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), in renewable energy applications. The review includes peer-reviewed articles published from 2015 to 2025 in academic database such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Springer. The results indicate that I4.0 usage leads to improved effectiveness of renewable energy forecasting, predictive maintenance, smart grid management, and data-driven decision-making, resulting in increased efficiency in operations and reduction of emissions. Nevertheless, there are long-standing obstacles like cybersecurity weaknesses, interoperability, infrastructure constraints, and policy-mismatch, that have impeded mass adoption, especially in the developing economies. The paper presents research directions in open research that focus on AI-based optimization, secure IoT design, validation of digital twins, framework-based standardised data, and context-specific policy models. In general, this study highlights the transformative nature of I4.0 in hastening the process of energy transition in the world and meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by developing sustainable, intelligent, and resilient energy systems.
Dr. Saravanakumar Thayuman, Dr. Susai Raja, Levin Toni Raja
Einstein, in his later years, expressed deep dissatisfaction with the concept of ‘light quanta’, questioning whether the wave-particle duality, could be more fundamentally understood. In response to this fundamental legacy, we propose “Einsmax Theory of Light Quanta and Massless Particles”, which treats light as comprising two separable, yet interdependent components each component fulfilling separate roles in physical interaction: a light wave is responsible for carrying energy, while massless glittering particles (corpuscles) responsible only for intensity of brightness. ‘Einsmax theory’ retains all Maxwellian and quantum mechanical formalism. This theory adds an additional highlight to the amplitude of the light wave of the photon to be vested with the quantum levels as 1,2,3,4… n, acting as energy storage tanks for emission and absorption of light energy. The implications span quantum optics, photodetection and foundational interpretations of light matter interaction. We present, thought experiments and observational set ups, inspired by macroscopic imaging phenomena, such as long-distance photography in darkness (as well as ‘Camera Obscura’) to illustrate this conceptual separation. The clarity of images formed in dark regions, despite an apparent absence of visual corpuscular brightness, suggests the independent role of the wave component in transmission of the image to the camera, while the object being glittered by the corpuscular component, affirming the Truth: “The Light shines in the darkness and the darkness has never put it out”.
Dharmendra Nath Mishra, Dr. Ruhul Kuddus Ahmed
Mathematics plays a foundational role in physics by providing the precise language and logical framework needed to describe natural laws and interpret physical phenomena. Through mathematical modeling, equations, and analytical methods, physics transforms complex behaviors of matter and energy into coherent, predictive systems that guide scientific understanding and technological advancement. Beyond its scientific significance, mathematics also contributes to personal growth by strengthening problem-solving abilities, critical thinking, creativity, and intellectual discipline. Engaging with mathematical concepts encourages perseverance, analytical clarity, and a structured approach to challenges. Together, these roles highlight how mathematics serves both as a cornerstone of physical science and as a catalyst for individual cognitive and personal development.
Dr Aishwarya H Jadeja
The United Nations (2017) states that SDGs stand for Sustainable Developmental Goals, also known as Global Goals (GGs). These objectives are a collection of seventeen. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were introduced by the United Nations General Assembly (UN-GA) in 2015 and are projected to be achieved by 2030 (United Nations, 2015). The SDGs are regarded as significant since they assist in addressing basic human needs, controlling climate change, establishing financial stability, and preserving biodiversity. No poverty, zero hungry, good health and wellbeing, quality education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, affordable and clean energy, decent work and economic growth, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Reduced Inequality, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate Action, Life Below Water, Life on Land, Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions, Partnerships for the
Ariel R. Magana Jr, Daryl I. Quinito
This study determined the relationship between school heads’ supervisory management skills and teachers’ self-efficacy in Vinzon’s District, Schools Division Office of Camarines Norte. It examined teachers’ perceptions of school heads’ leadership, their own self-efficacy, challenges faced, and proposed an intervention to enhance instructional confidence. Using a descriptive-correlational design, all public elementary school teachers in the district participated. Data were collected through validated surveys and analyzed using descriptive statistics, weighted mean, and correlation. Findings showed that school heads’ supervisory skills were perceived as very high across all areas, reflecting effective leadership and support. Teachers also reported high self-efficacy in instructional practices, classroom management, assessment, and professional engagement, though confidence in addressing learner diversity was slightly lower. A significant positive relationship between school heads’ skills and teachers’ self-efficacy indicates that strong leadership enhances teacher confidence and competence. Teachers reported challenges related to limited professional development, high workload, insufficient support for diverse learners, and weak community engagement. To address these, the study proposed the intervention “Efficacy Unleashed: School Heads as Architects of Inclusive Instructional Confidence,” aimed at strengthening school leadership and teacher development. Recommendations include continuous leadership training for school heads, professional learning for teachers, structured mentoring, workload management, and implementation of the proposed intervention. Future studies may explore these dynamics in other contexts using qualitative or mixed-method approaches.
Prof. K. Poornima Kamath, S. Giri Shankar, Shreya Sagar Punde, Spoorthi K.M
In modern IoT ecosystems, the ability to efficiently collect, store, and analyze real-time sensor data is essential for enabling timely and data-driven decision-making. Traditional cloud database solutions often involve complex configurations, recurring maintenance burdens, and high deployment costs, making them unsuitable for lightweight, scalable, or educational IoT applications. To address these limitations, this project presents Sensify, a fully automated cloud-based data acquisition and analytics framework built using Google Sheets and Google Apps Script. The system enables seamless sensor data ingestion through a custom API, which accepts JSON-based payloads and appends the readings to a dynamically managed spreadsheet acting as a cloud storage layer. Automated routines periodically convert accumulated data into CSV format, transmit the file to external endpoints via HTTP POST, and reset the sheet for uninterrupted operation, thereby eliminating manual intervention and reducing backend infrastructure requirements. To enhance the interpretability and decision-making capability of the stored data, AI-driven analytical modules are integrated to compute statistical summaries, detect anomalies, and identify emerging trends across environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and air quality. These insights are visualized through correlation plots, time-series analyses, and distribution characteristics, enabling users to observe patterns, diagnose sensor issues, and monitor environmental behaviour effectively. The proposed system offers a low-cost, scalable, and highly accessible solution suitable for IoT monitoring, educational deployments, research applications, and lightweight cloud analytics. By combining real-time ingestion, automated processing, and intelligent analytics, the framework demonstrates a robust approach for building practical, maintenance-free IoT data pipelines that support rapid insights and reliable long-term operation.
Al-sadeed S. Mujamil, Alhasib A. Manajil, Alshaher P. Wahi, Alsharim A. Akili, Malikha J. Ilupa, Sitti Kauzar S. Ayub, Sitti Khadija J. Juhuri, Wilam N. Rajam
This study focused on the Snsory Evaluation on Palatability of Sulu Native Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Adobo Marination at Different Length of Time. This research was conducted at the experimental area of SSC School of Agriculture, Gandasuli, Patikul, Sulu from June 17, 2024 to September 8, 2024. It especially sought to answer the following questions. 1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of; Age, Gender, and Civil status? 2. How does the marination over the different length of time can affect the tenderness, juiciness and general acceptability of native chicken adobo? 3. Is there a significant difference to the length of time (0hr, 3hrs, 6hrs) in marination during making the Nantive chicken Adobo? This study evaluates the sensory qualities and Palatability of Sulu Native Chicken (Gallus-gallus domesticus) marinated in adobo seasoning for varying durations. The research investigates how marination time affects the taste, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability of the chicken. A panel of sensory evaluators assessed samples marinated for different time intervals, ranging from 1 hour to 6 hours. The effect of effect of marination on native chicken adobo through different length of time: a. 0 hours, b 3 hours c. hours, are significantly affect the tenderness, juiciness and appearance of the chicken adobo. The findings implied for the marination over the different length of time can affect the tenderness, juiciness and general acceptability of native chicken adobo which 3–6 hours length of time of marination appears optimal for native chicken adobo to ensures a balance between flavor penetration, tenderness, and juiciness without risking textural degradation. For the significant difference data implied that there is a significant difference to the length of time in marination during making of native chicken adobo, as based on the analysis of variance the evidence prove that there is at least one group mean is significantly different from the others. The results on One Way ANOVA, indicated significant variations in sensory attributes with extended marination enhancing flavor depth, tenderness, and juiciness. The study concludes that optimal marination time enhances the palatability of Sulu native chicken, contributing valuable insights for culinary practices and food processing industries.
Poonam Devi, Vipin Kumar
The study investigates the relaxation factor (τ) for different sized and shaped ZnO, TiO₂, Al2O₃, Fe2O₃, and CuO nanostructures. Surface scattering, lattice strain, and quantum confinement were all included in the theoretical framework. The spherical, octahedral, tetrahedral, and cylindrical and hexagonal nanowires as well as thin films were all calculated. Strong surface scattering is indicated by the data's quick τ increase for D < 5 nm, and saturation near bulk behaviour is seen beyond D = 10 nm. Tetrahedral nanoparticles revealed the lowest τ values because of their better confinement, whereas thin films consistently showed larger values. The reliability of the model is confirmed by comparison with published literature. These results enable future studies in heat transport applications based on nanomaterials and offer insights for thermal control in nanoscale devices (Balandin, 2005; Zou & Balandin, 2001; Feng et al., 2015).
Anuradha Sharma, Anurag Kumar Varma, Bindeshwar Mahto, Chahat Firdous, Dr. Kumar Amrendra, Ruksar Parveen, Sonal Kumari
Personal financial management has become increasingly challenging in a digital economy characterized by frequent micro-transactions, expanding spending categories, and the growing shift toward cashless payments. Individuals often struggle to monitor their daily expenses, identify spending patterns, and maintain financial discipline without systematic tools. This research presents Smart Pocket, an intelligent expense-tracking and financial-insight system designed to automate expense recognition, predict spending trends, and support users in maintaining budget control. The system utilizes machine learning techniques to classify expenses into categories such as Food, Cloths, Other, and Fruits, while also analyzing spending patterns, budget usage, and category-wise distributions.Through a combination of bar charts, doughnut charts, progress indicators, and time-series visualization, Smart Pocket provides a comprehensive analytical dashboard that transforms raw user expenses into actionable insights. The system demonstrates high accuracy in expense categorization and generates reliable predictions for future spending behavior. Experimental results reveal that users spent ₹4919 of a ₹6000 monthly budget, staying within the recommended spending threshold, and showed identifiable spending peaks and cycles across different days. These insights validated the effectiveness of Smart Pocket in helping users understand their financial habits and optimize their budgeting strategies. The study concludes that integrating machine learning and visual analytics significantly enhances the quality of personal financial management. Smart Pocket not only reduces manual effort in recording expenses but also empowers users to make informed financial decisions and adopt sustainable spending habits. Future improvements may extend into automated bill extraction, advanced forecasting models, and personalized recommendation engines, further enriching the system’s ability to support long-term financial well-being.
Dr. Ziya A. Pathan
The paper provides a socio-psycho analysis of the multifaceted challenges within the framework of social gerontology confronting the elderly people at Manzini region in Eswatini. With the demographic shift towards older societies, understanding the unique problems faced by the elderly has become a critical imperative for researchers and policymakers. The main objective of this study is to systematically examine and synthesize the key social and psychological issues that significantly impact the quality of life and well-being of the aged. It delves into the psychological dimensions of aging, focusing on issues such as maintaining cognitive health, coping with life transitions, the fear of dependency, and the decline in self-esteem associated with retirement and changing social roles. The paper applies mixed research approach and convenience sampling under non-probability sampling methods is used, where a semi-structured questionnaire is administered to the respondents seeking indepth information to fulfill the research objectives, offering recommendations for developing policies and community programs aimed at mitigating the socio-psychological vulnerabilities of the elderly, ensuring participation and inclusion in mainstream society.
Achonye, C.C., Ezenweke, L. O., Ndupu, R. O., Ogbuagu, O. E., Ojiako, E. N., Okolo, A. J., Silas, C.U.
This study reports the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial evaluation of a novel Schiff base ligand (4-[(1E)-N-(2-aminophenyl) ethanimidoyl]-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol) derived from 4-acyl pyrazolone and its copper (II) complex. The work aims to correlate the structural modifications induced by metal coordination with variations in biological activity. The experimental procedure involved the condensation of 4-acyl pyrazolone with 1,2-diaminobenzene to form the Schiff base ligand, followed by complexation with copper (II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl₂·2H₂O) to yield the corresponding Cu (II) complex. Structural elucidation was achieved using elemental analysis, molar conductivity, infrared (IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) techniques. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed the formation of the Schiff base through the characteristic azomethine (C=N) absorption at 1636 cm⁻¹ and coordination to Cu(II) via N,N,O donor sites, as evidenced by metal–ligand (M–L) bands at 667.2 cm⁻¹. The Cu(II) complex displayed a higher melting point and molar conductivity than the free ligand, indicating greater thermal stability and a non-electrolytic nature. Antimicrobial activities were assessed against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Candida albicans using the agar well diffusion method following CLSI standards. The Cu(II) complex exhibited enhanced antimicrobial efficacy compared to the free ligand, except against S.aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) values further confirmed improved potency upon complexation. The increased activity of the Cu (II) complex is attributed to enhanced lipophilicity and cell membrane permeability in accordance with Tweedy’s chelation theory. Overall, the synthesized Cu (II) complex demonstrates promising potential for development as a broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal agent.
Ezeifeh Victor Tochukwu, Ordu Collins Ahamefule, Patrick-Iwuanyanwu Chinyere, Ugwunze Charles
Background: Sickle cell disease is a common genetic disorder that impairs hemoglobin, leading to organ damage, with the lungs being a major target. Pulmonary complications, particularly acute chest syndrome and chronic lung disease, significantly reduce lung function and are major causes of morbidity and mortality in affected patients. This study focuses on the characterization of lung function using spirometry (restrictive, obstructive, mixed patterns) in adult SCD patients. Method: This is one-year cross-sectional case-control study at NAUTH, Nnewi, assessed lung function in participants using a MicroLab 3500 spirometer to measure FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio. Procedures followed ATS/ERS guidelines, with predicted values calculated using GLI 2012 equations. Data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21.0). Result: The age range (AR) of the patients was 18-35 years with a mean of 24.20 ±2.53 years. The spirometry outcome showed that 32(64%) study subjects had abnormal ventilatory function while 18(36%) had normal ventilatory function. 32(64%) of the subjects had abnormal lung function while 18(36%) had normal lung function. One (9.09%) of study subjects with mild sickle cell disease severity score (SCDSC) had abnormal oxygen saturation (SpO2) while 13 (33.33%) of study subjects with mild SCDSC had normal SpO2 (p<0.003). Two (18.18%) of the study subjects with moderate SCDSC had abnormal SpO2 while 15 (38.46%) with moderate SCDSC had normal SpO2 (P=0.07). Conclusion: Adult sickle cell disease patients frequently exhibit restrictive ventilatory defects, reduced spirometric parameters, and abnormal oxygen saturation, especially in severe cases. These abnormalities are likely due to recurrent acute chest syndrome, fibrosis, and progressive lung damage, underscoring the need for early detection, optimal management, and preventive interventions to preserve pulmonary function.
Karima Ghzaiel, Mehdi Hajri
Thanks to the technological breakthroughs of recent years, accelerating the digital transformation of businesses is a fundamental challenge, with the transmission, storage and authentication of information at its heart. Blockchain technology has emerged as a solution, revolutionizing several business sectors by combining transparency, decentralized governance, security and more. Higher education is no exception to this trend. There is growing interest in integrating blockchain into its institutions because of its potential to transform academic, administrative and research processes. However, symptomatic of the youth of this technology, literature seems to lack analysis of the perception of its adoption by the actors involved. This study aims to explore the attitudes and perceptions of the various stakeholders, notably, students, administrative staff and decision-makers, towards the adoption of blockchain in academia. To do this, we mobilized a qualitative study through semi-structured interviews with a sample of actors located at different levels of this process. The results reveal a wide range of perceptions, as well as major challenges and concerns. This study thus contributes to a better understanding of the perspectives and concerns of the various players involved in this process, providing valuable insights for decision-makers.
Dr Hinal Panchal, Mr Mayank Trivedi
Biospecimen standardization has emerged as a critical priority in clinical trials, with the implementation of ICH E6(R3) guidelines in 2025 marking a paradigm shift toward enhanced data integrity and quality management. This comprehensive review examines current best practices, regulatory frameworks, and emerging technologies in biospecimen collection, preservation, and international transport. We explore the impact of pre-analytical variables on sample quality, evaluate international standardization initiatives including ISBER Best Practices and NCI Evidence-Based Practices, and analyze the complex regulatory landscape governing biospecimen export. The integration of artificial intelligence and digital biobanking technologies presents unprecedented opportunities for quality control and sample tracking. This review synthesizes evidence-based recommendations for implementing standardized protocols across the biospecimen lifecycle, from collection through analysis, while addressing practical considerations for multi-site clinical trials. By establishing harmonized practices, the clinical research community can enhance data reliability, facilitate global collaboration, and ultimately improve the translation of research findings into clinical practice.
Richelle P. De Las Eras
This study aimed to explore the life experiences of City Jail Officers as stewards of persons deprived of liberty amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. Specifically, sought to the following specific problems: the experiences of the informants in the performance of their duties during the Covid-19 pandemic, coping with the challenges encountered in the performance of duties, and aspirations of the informants to improve the quality of jail service. The phenomenological and qualitative approach in this study was utilized through interviews as the key process in the gathering of data. There were ten (10) selected city jail officers. Four (4) of them were individually interviewed while the other six (6) were included in the Focused Group Discussion (FGD). They were selected randomly but met the minimum qualifications. The research location is at Tagbilaran City Jail – Cabawan District, Tagbilaran City. A validated interview guide aided with the voice recorder for the basis of transcribing the responses of the informants. Utilization of Colaizzi's method, a phenomenological analysis procedure in analyzing the responses of the informants during the conduct of the interview. For the experiences of the informants as Jail Officers amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, the themes generated were: Triumph through Unity, Collegial Harmony Initiative, Scarcity of Supplies, and PDL’s Misbehavior. In coping with the challenges encountered in the performance of duties, the following themes were created: Resilience Amidst Scarcity, Synergistic Wellness Renewal, and Virtual Family Reconnection, for the aspirations of the informants, themes created were: Adherence to Protocol and Training for Safety and Security in Innovation. For the Tagbilaran City Jail Personnel, the implementation of several suggestions is recommended to inspire and encourage jail officers for relevant improvements. Firstly, the development of specialized training programs tailored to address challenges unique to the pandemic, emphasizing the significance of humane treatment and effective guidance, is crucial. Introducing mental health support services for jail officers can aid in coping with the stresses associated with their roles during the pandemic. Establishing open communication channels within the jail facility is another key recommendation, fostering dialogue among personnel and creating a supportive work environment. The implementation of recognition programs to acknowledge and appreciate the efforts of jail officers can significantly boost morale and motivation. As for the Local Government Unit (LGU), the following suggestions are proposed to make informed decisions based on the comprehensive overview. In addition, the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) to effectively address challenges through education and training, the following suggestions are recommended. Organizing workshops and seminars on relevant topics such as crisis management and adapting to new challenges can equip jail officers with the necessary skills.
Banga, Andy F, Sanson Jr, Antonio T
This study aimed to assessed the performance skills of students in information and communication technology in Baliwasan Senior High School taking computer system servicing. The study employed an experimental mixed method design using pretest and posttest in information and communication technology students during the second semester period school year 2023-2024. The participants were 50 Grade 12 students of ICT track. The study utilized a purposive sampling technique to determine its sample size. The results showed that Grade 12 students performed satisfactorily. Both pretest and posttest evaluations for the experimental group demonstrated satisfactory to very satisfactory outcomes. The strategic approach intervention led to a significant improvement in mean gain scores. There was a notable difference between the pretest and posttest results within the experimental group in information and communication technology. These findings suggest that the strategic intervention enhanced students' ICT skills and contributed to a significant improvement in their overall performance. The students gained knowledge and deeper understanding on the used strategic approach which further equipped them with the proper practice and strategy to master their performance skills. It is recommended that senior high school teachers in ICT may use strategic approach in teaching to enhance the ability and skills of students when giving performance tasks. The teachers may also adopt the intervention plan as seemed adequate in their field of specialization to enhance and developed performance skills of the students.
Anil K Das
In the present work In (~50nm)/Se (~50nm) and Se(~50nm)/In(~50nm) thin films were deposited successively on the glass substrate by thermal evaporation method under 1×10-5 mbar pressure at room temperature. The In/Se bilayers were irradiated with low energy ion beams of 350 Kev Kr+1. This sample was then characterised by High resolution XRD (HRXRD). HRXRD study reveals phase formation in Pristine sample where indium is on uppermost layer. So the experiments of Selenium over Indium were not executed further. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and SEM of the samples were also carried out. RBS shows mixing at Pristine sample. The Pristine annealed sample shows insulator property.
Devaraju, Dhondiba Vishwanath, Vijayanand Vithalrao
Benzimidazole derivatives are the analogues of purine nucleosides which are found in human body. These are an important heterocyclic organic compounds containing phenyl ring (six membered ring) fused with imidazole (five membered ring) which possesses wide range of starting material for various compounds and exhibit clinical applications such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, analgesic, proton pump inhibitors, antihistamines, anticancer, etc. The presence of electron-donating groups (OH, -CH3, -OCH3) causes significant increase in the biological activity, while the electron-withdrawing groups (-Cl, -Br,–NO2) decreases the biological activity of synthesized of benzimidazole derivatives.
Manuel Valdimiro Bunga Maiano
The Angolan educational system is an essential pillar for the social and economic development of the country. However, it faces structural, historical, and operational challenges that compromise the quality and equity of education. This article investigates the future prospects for improving the educational framework in Angola, focusing on the necessary reforms, innovative strategies, and the fundamental role of public policies. The research adopts a qualitative methodology, including a bibliographic review, documentary analysis, and semi-structured interviews with sector specialists. The results indicate that strengthening teacher training, rehabilitating and modernizing school infrastructure, updating curricula, and integrating technology are indispensable actions to overcome existing obstacles. In addition, the study highlights the relevance of well-structured and sustainable public policies capable of promoting educational inclusion and equity. The discussion emphasizes the importance of effective school governance, the mobilization of civil society, and international cooperation as driving elements of a robust educational system. It is concluded that the combination of these strategies can transform the Angolan educational landscape, providing inclusive and quality education that is essential for the country’s sustainable growth. Thus, strategic investment and the implementation of innovative pedagogical practices emerge as crucial factors to ensure a promising educational future in Angola. In summary, the consolidation of a participatory educational culture, together with the appreciation of teaching professionals and continuous governmental commitment, represents the secure path to ensuring sustained human and social progress throughout the national territory, with a focus on valuable resources.
Dr. Santham sweet rose, Julice Varughese, Sabina Christina J.L, Sathana Ganapathi Velayutham
Background and Objectives: Malnutrition remains a critical public health challenge in rural India, requiring assessment tools to guide intervention. The traditional Weight-for-Age (Wt-for-Age) index often substantially underestimates, the true burden of nutritional deficit. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the operational utility of the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) and quantify the discrepancy in prevalence estimates between CIAF and the traditional Wt-for-Age classification in a community setting. Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional pilot study conducted in an Anganwadi center in Harohalli, Ramanagara district, Karnataka, during November 2025. A total of N=30 children aged 0-6 years were included via census sampling. Anthropometric measurements were taken following WHO standards to calculate Z-scores for Wt/Age, Ht/Age, and Wt/Ht. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 23. Descriptive Statistics were used to calculate prevalence, and the Chi-square test was employed to examine the association between the CIAF groupings and Wt-for-Age status.
Dorothy L. Grice
This paper examines how cultural diversity affects the performance of a team in an African corporate environment that has been under-studied. In a quantitative cross-sectional design, survey data of 120 employees in Coca-Cola Liberia indicated that there are strong positive correlations using validated multi-item scales. Cultural diversity was a significant factor that has been associated with improved communication (r = 0.738), innovation (r = 0.838), conflict management (r = 0.730), and overall performance (r = 0.858), p = 0.001. Regression analyses proved that cultural diversity demonstrated a positive and significant predictor of all outcomes. These results, as opposed to the previous studies that have focused on the conflict nature of diversity, indicate that strong measurement reflects the capacity of diversity to act as a performance facilitator. The paper finds that inclusive leadership and organized innovation practices should be captured by strategic diversity management using these relations.
Dr. S.T. Akilan
Over-urbanization is a process occurred while the complex of activities in various sectors gradually increasing, in which a country's urban population is considerably larger than expected on the basis of that country's level of economic development. The present study results the relationship between the levels of urbanization and the percentage of air quality in selected area of Chennai city. The study tries to assess the degradation of air quality of Chennai city through the lens of various sectors such as Socio-economic, health and cultural perspectives and it carries the same as main purpose of the present study. The Questions were featured based on the level of air quality from the data collected by using secondary sources and evaluating the fundamental factors of Overurbanization, as a result the study assess the consequences of Socio- economic, cultural and health related issues by employing primary data collected in the selected area of Chennai city. A descriptive research method comprising primary and secondary data collection with appropriate tools have been engaged. By highlighting main findings such as even though air pollution is a global problem, it proportionately affects those living in developing nations and particularly the most vulnerable group namely women, children and the elderly. As per secondary data, the Residential pollution due to the processes of cooking and heating, using biomass, generating electricity from fossil fuels and transport are few remarkable humanmade sources of fine particles in Chennai city. The deadliest illnesses linked to PM2.5 air pollution results stroke, heart disease, lung disease, lower respiratory diseases (such as pneumonia) and the cancer. High levels of fine particles are also contributed to illnesses, like diabetes, poor cognition etc. There are 20 percent of newborn deaths globally attributed by air pollution. The Government actions on air quality are steadily growing but implementation and capacity gaps hinder the progress towards better results. The study relates the aspects of Over-Urbanization, Air quality of Chennai city, Socio-economic and health issues of study area.
Livinus Nwaugha, Oseghale, Christian Osemuyi PhD
The abolition of slavery, formally declared through the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863, represented a watershed moment in the global pursuit of human rights. Yet, the end of legalised slavery did not dissolve the structural and institutionalised racism that continues to shape international relations and global governance. This study investigates the enduring legacy of slavery and its influence on the evolution of human rights discourse within the international system. While slavery as an institution was dismantled in the nineteenth century, racial hierarchies and discriminatory ideologies became embedded in treaties, legal frameworks, and global institutions, perpetuating unequal power relations among states and peoples. Employing a qualitative research design, the study analyses treaties, historical records, and critical literature to trace how racialised thinking was reproduced in international law and policy. The findings reveal that systemic racism persists in the operations of international organisations, the application of human rights norms, and the treatment of marginalised groups across borders. These dynamics demonstrate that the legacies of slavery continue to hinder genuine equality in global governance. By highlighting these continuities, the study underscores the urgent need for a reassessment of international norms and practices. It argues that confronting historical injustices requires a deliberate commitment by global actors to acknowledge, redress, and dismantle entrenched racial inequalities. Ultimately, the paper calls for a more inclusive and equitable international order that not only recognises the historical roots of human rights struggles but also actively advances justice in the present.
Bimboy C. Cueno, Niña Mae G. Cueno
Qualitative researches on Filipino teachers` indebtedness remains to be scarce. In addition, empirical studies that delved into the indebtedness of teachers whose minimum Net Take Home Pay (NTHP) below five thousand pesos (₱5,000.00) has been a gap in the literatures. Thus, in this paper, the researcher using a descriptive phenomenological approach, explored into the experiences of public teachers with NTHP lower than mandated threshold in order to have in-depth understanding on the complexities of teachers` indebtedness. Twenty teacher participants were selected through purposive sampling methods. The findings illuminated that the experiences of the study participants are intricate and multidimensional. These experiences are: (a) profoundly shaped by ingrained Filipino moral virtues such as bahala na and utang na loob; (b) precipitated by familial obligations and occupational expenditure patterns; (c) deleterious to the participants’ overall well-being and quality of life; and (d) attributable to the inadequacy of governmental assistance, insufficiency of remuneration, and the paucity of institutional financial resources. In light of these circumstances, there arises an imperative call for the formulation and institutionalization of comprehensive legislative and policy measures to mitigate, if not eradicate, this socioeconomic predicament that hampered Filipino teachers` wellbeing.
Meenu R. Mridula, Suju Skaria
Ethnomycology, a specialized branch of ethnobotany, explores the dynamic relationships between humans and fungi, with particular emphasis on their roles in traditional and alternative medicine, food, rituals, and ecological stewardship. Among indigenous communities, fungi have long held a place not only as a food source but also as potent agents in folk healing systems, natural therapies, and preventive care. Despite their cultural and medicinal importance, these knowledge systems remain under-documented and increasingly vulnerable to erosion due to modernization, loss of oral traditions, and habitat degradation. This study investigates the ethnomycological practices of the Kani settlement at Chemmankala in the Peppara Forest Range of Kerala, with a focus on fungal diversity, classification, and utilization. Field surveys and semi-structured interviews were conducted with local informants to document fungal species, collection methods, preparation techniques, and perceived therapeutic and nutritional benefits. Particular attention was paid to fungi traditionally used in healing practices, wound care, immunity boosting, and dietary regulation. Specimens were collected and identified through both morphological and microscopic analyses, and their ethnomedical applications cross-referenced with existing scientific literature and pharmacological databases. The findings reveal a rich tapestry of culinary, medicinal, and ecological uses of fungi among the Kani people and underscore deeply rooted traditional conservation ethics that promote sustainable harvesting and habitat care. This study not only contributes to the ethnomycological literature but also reinforces the urgent need to preserve indigenous medical knowledge systems, support biocultural diversity, and promote the integration of traditional health wisdom into broader frameworks of alternative medicine and holistic health.
Aliyu, S, I. M. Sule, Okhimamhe A. A
This study explores the role of urban farming in enhancing food security and sustainability in the Lagos Metropolis through a stakeholder analysis. As urbanization rapidly accelerates, the implications for food security and environmental sustainability become increasingly significant. This research employs focus group discussions and quantitative surveys with various stakeholders, including policymakers, urban farmers, and community members, to gather insights into their perceptions and experiences. The findings underscore urban farming's potential to reduce food transportation distances, enhance local food production, and mitigate climate change impacts. However, challenges such as land demands and gender disparities persist, necessitating integrated policy approaches and targeted educational programs. Ultimately, this study emphasizes urban farming as a viable solution for achieving food security and fostering sustainable development in Lagos.
Jagadish Godara, Vipin Kumar
Quantum state estimation is essential for quantum communication and computing. This study applies maximum likelihood estimation, Bayesian inference, and document-based pattern matching. The hybrid framework enhances accuracy, reduces redundancy, and accelerates classification. Two- and three-qubit noisy systems were analyzed for validation. Results showed higher fidelity and lower estimation errors with Bayesian methods. Spin-gap comparisons confirmed statistical reliability and physical relevance of the approach. The framework supports NISQ devices and hybrid quantum-classical platforms. Future work will explore hardware testing, larger qubit arrays, and machine learning integration.
Dr. Rajesh Chaudhari, Hemanghi Patel, Jadav Sejal
Actinomycetes are Gram-positive, filamentous bacteria belonging to the phylum Actinomycetota (formerly Actinobacteria). They are widely distributed across various ecological niches, especially in soil, where they are commonly found. Actinomycetes are classified based on their morphology and possess diverse characteristics. Understanding their traits and mechanisms in organic waste degradation is crucial for developing sustainable waste management strategies. Methods such as conventional, chemotaxonomic, numerical taxonomic, and molecular techniques are routinely used to identify actinomycetes. These bacteria play important roles in cancer treatment, bioremediation, and the production of valuable antibiotics. Actinomycetes produce over 22,500 secondary metabolites, many of which have antibacterial and therapeutic properties. Their metabolites act as antimicrobial agents against a range of infections. Recent advances in actinobacteria research highlight the importance of rare genera (such as Micromonospora and Actinoplanes), the CRISPR-Cas system in actinomycetes, and synthetic biology approaches for drug discovery.
Banduram Brahma
Fermentation is a longstanding component of traditional Bodo cooking practices, and is characterized by the deep ecological knowledge, seasonal contexts, and health-conscious food systems of a community. This paper will examine the various methods of fermenting among the Bodo people of Assam with a concentration on a select few fermented foods, including napham (fermented fish), ondla (a rice flour based curry usually with fermented bamboo shoot), jou (rice beer), gundru (dried radish), and various other preserved meats and vegetables. These practices highlight indigenous knowledge systems to store food, while food systems contributed to food preservation imaginable without today’s refrigeration and provide nutrition and health contributions to gut health. Fermented foods have traditionally incorporated bamboo vessels or clay pots in natural (slow) fermentation techniques, to represent a sustainable, community-based learning career with respect to intergenerational voicing of knowledge. Though fermented foods nutritionally provide utility, each aspect of traditional Bodo culture retains a key facet of identity developed through fermentation foods in every day meal consumption e.g., festivals, community, spiritual and cultural behaviour. As the world continues to demonstrate increasing interest in nutritional value, probiotics, sustainable diets, the culinary heritage of Bodo culture may represent a meaningful example of traditional knowledge categories and in cultural sustainability.
Ashish S. Thete, Govind Vinod Kalal, Tejas V. Kalal
This research paper investigates the comparative effectiveness of equity financing and bank loans in unlocking the value of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). By examining the structural differences, risk profiles, and financial implications of these two financing methods, the study aims to determine which option is more conducive to SME growth and performance. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, the paper explores factors such as financial flexibility, valuation, and industry-specific considerations that influence SME financing decisions. The findings suggest that while both equity financing and bank loans have their merits, equity financing can offer certain advantages in terms of long-term growth potential and valuation. However, the optimal choice for an SME depends on its specific circumstances, including its stage of development, risk tolerance, and strategic objectives.
Baka Lakshmi Narasimha Sai, Bimal Puthuvayi, Shahana Usman Abdulla
The management of public spaces has become increasingly important as infectious diseases such as COVID-19 continue to shape urban life. Extended lockdowns have underscored the crucial role of accessible outdoor recreational areas, underscoring the importance of maintaining these spaces while minimizing infection risks and enhancing pandemic resilience. This study examines the potential for disease transmission in an urban park by simulating multiple activity-based scenarios using an integrated modelling approach that couples agent-based modelling with system dynamics. The agent-based model captures proximity-based interactions among park users, which in turn feed into the system dynamics model to track changes in infection rates over time. Two primary sets of scenarios were evaluated: those reflecting current park conditions and those incorporating social distancing interventions. The results show that a combination of staggered visitation time slots and at least 75% compliance with safety measures produces the most favourable outcomes, significantly reducing transmission risk while maintaining park usability. These findings demonstrate that strategic, scenario-based interventions can help avoid the need for complete closures of public spaces during health crises. Overall, the study provides evidence that integrated simulation models can support data-driven, transparent, and adaptable public space management strategies. By helping authorities anticipate how behavioural patterns and policy measures influence disease spread, such models can guide decisions that preserve public access to essential urban spaces while safeguarding public health. This approach can be replicated in other urban contexts to enhance preparedness and minimize disruptions during future pandemics.
ALACI, Davidson Sunday A., Bashir-Mohammed, Shamsiyya, TOM Edward Terkimbi
Rapid urban expansion in Makurdi has significantly altered land use patterns, increasing flood vulnerability and exacerbating environmental, economic, and social risks. This study examines urbanisation as a factor of flooding by analyzing land cover changes, and the encroachment of built environments into flood-prone zones within the frame of demographic trend. A mixed-methods approach was employed in data collection. This involved spatial analysis and survey-based assessments to provide a multidimensional perspective on urbanization-driven flood risk. Findings indicate that unregulated urban sprawl, deforestation, impervious surface expansion, and inadequate drainage infrastructure are key contributors to increasing flood frequency and severity. Poor enforcement of zoning laws, ineffective land use planning, and socio-economic disparities further exacerbate the problem, leaving vulnerable communities disproportionately affected. Additionally, climate change-induced variations in rainfall patterns intensify flood hazards, highlighting the need for proactive risk management strategies. To mitigate these risks, this study recommends a multi-pronged approach, including enforcing stringent zoning and land-use policies, investing in flood-resilient infrastructure, and adopting nature-based solutions such as wetland restoration and sustainable drainage systems. Furthermore, strengthening early warning systems, enhancing community awareness, and integrating flood resilience measures into urban planning frameworks are critical for sustainable urban development. By adopting an integrated and science-driven approach, policymakers and urban planners can improve adaptive capacity, minimize flood-related losses, and ensure long-term resilience in the Benue.
Dr. Himanshu Prem Dhanwani, Dr. Samruddhi Banduji Hatwar
The Posterior Superior Alveolar (PSA) nerve block is a routine local anesthesia technique used for maxillary molar procedures. Despite its safety, inadvertent vascular injury may result in hematoma formation—a rare but distressing complication. This case report presents a hematoma occurring after PSA nerve block in a 55-year-old female patient with hypothyroidism and dwarfism, highlighting the importance of understanding how systemic and craniofacial anatomical variations influence anesthetic complications.
Maibam Hripriya Devi, Moirangthem Sonia Devi, Potsangbam Kumar Singh
Background: The article deals with the status of wild edible plants and their traditional utilization by different villagers of Manipur. The identification of plants useful to man from among naturally found plants do commenced in pre-historic times. Several of these plants are useful in different ways such as food, clothing, shelter, transport, medicine, etc. These useful plants were domesticated by the ancient local peoples in our state. Objectives: In course of time, the cultivation of many of these plants spread over from the area of domestication to new areas through plant acclimatization and plant breeding. Most of the local peoples of the village purely depend to the wild edible plants for their socio-economic purposes. Materials And Methods: Study sites were from the five valley districts of Manipur. The authors find out some information on the wild edible plants of Manipur from well-known sources categorizing them into: Wild edible: fruits; medicine; stem, tuber and rhizome; spices and vegetables (Singh and Arora 1978). Results: The present paper is based on the published records, but findings of wild edible plants are not yet complete. In this paper 15 species were found under the fruit category; 15 species of wild edible plants were under medicinal plants. In spices, there were 9 species, in vegetable 14 species there are. Not only were these other 10 species found under the category for both rhizome and tuber eatable wild species. Conclusion: Most of the valuable wild edible plants became extinct due to over exploitation and several disturbances to the forest ecosystem. Thus, the traditional knowledge of wild edible plants is declined day by day. Therefore, the present study shall be emphasized for the protection and conservation of the extinct wild edible plant species for the welfare of the future generation.