Achieving Agricultural Self-Sufficiency through Modern Innovations and Sustainable Practices beyond Traditional Farming

Abstract

India was a prosperous agrarian economy, where two-thirds of its total population engaged themselves in agriculture as their main source of livelihood (Backbone of its economy). However, the times have changed. Technology has taken over and has given new techniques that can help increase the productivity and the soil fertility in the recent times. One of the major revolutions was that of the Green Revolution with the HYV seeds. But the technology has become much more than just this. Precision farming, Drone technology, genetically modified crops and vertical farming are few techniques that has aided in higher yields and keeping a check on the soil moisture and fertility. This paper discusses some other techniques that can help the farmers with the higher yields and non- degradation of soil. The Internet of Things (IoT) has changed the agriculture in the recent times by using smart sensors to boost productivity, sustainability, and efficiency. These sensors help with the optimizing resources, and managing crops in a better manner. IoT can also help us overcome some of the agricultural issues like water scarcity, soil degradation, and the climatic changes. On the other hand, agroforestry promotes sustainable farming practices. This paper provides insights into the key principles, different types, benefits, and challenges, emphasizing its importance in boosting the biodiversity, improving soil health, and combating climate change – the upcoming issue.