Physical Activity Patterns and Body Composition in Greater Accra: Validation of the Aggregated Body Composition Score (ABCS)

Abstract

This study explored the relationship between physical activity participation variables and body composition among members of Keep Fit Clubs in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, data were collected from 450 recreationally active adults through anthropometric assessments and structured questionnaires. The Aggregated Body Composition Score (ABCS), a novel field-based tool, was employed to assess body composition. Multiple regression analysis showed that exercise frequency (β = 0.26, p < 0.01) and duration (β = 0.31, p < 0.01) were significant predictors of ABCS, while exercise intensity had a moderate effect (β = 0.18, p = 0.03). The type of activity was not a significant predictor. These findings underscore the significance of frequency and duration of physical activity in maintaining a healthy body composition. The study recommends the broader use of the ABCS in community health assessments and calls for further validation of the tool across different populations, as well as its linkage with clinical outcomes.