Synthesis and Application of Permethrin based Azo-Reactive Blood Sucking Insect Repellant Dyes on Polyamide and Cellulosic Fabrics.

Abstract

This research focuses on the synthesis and application of novel blood-sucking insect-repellent reactive dyes based on permethrin derivatives. Insect-borne diseases are a great concern for human health, and an increment in urbanization causes a rise in the population of mosquitoes and other related insects. The efficient methods and products for countering insect bites are the urgent need of the hour. To protect against insect causing diseases, repellent textiles are an attractive substrates. Permethrin was first condensed with cyanuric chloride to obtain a reactive intermediate, which was then coupled with diazotized H-acid to form functional dyes, H1AC, and H1AB2. The dyes were characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, and GC–MS, confirming the successful incorporation of permethrin and triazine-based reactive groups. The dyes were applied to polyamide (Nylon 6.6) and cellulosic fabrics respectively, and their fastness properties were evaluated. Wash fastness ranged from 3 to 4–5, indicating moderate to good stability, while light fastness varied from 3 to 7, demonstrating fair to excellent photo stability depending on dye structure. Insect repellency was assessed using the WHO cone bioassay, where H1AC and H1AB2 exhibited the highest knockdown rates (100% at 60 - 90 minutes). The dyed polyamide fabrics performed significantly than the control. Overall, the dyes produced durable coloration and strong, long-lasting mosquito-repellent activity, demonstrating their potential for protective clothing, outdoor textiles, and public-health applications.