Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on Mental Health of Smallholder Farmers: A Case Study of Njolwe Camp, Palabana Farming Block. Chongwe, Zambia

Abstract

This study was designed to assess the effects of climate change like droughts and erratic rainfall on mental health of smallholder farmers in Palabana Farming Block. The study employed a mixed-method approach using both quantitative and qualitative techniques to gather data from 125 smallholder farmers. Quantitative methods consisted of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview as a structured questionnaire, surveys and statistical analysis. The responses from the questionnaires were coded and analyzed using STATA Statistical Package. Qualitative approaches consisted of interviews to assess the farmers’ experiences with climate-related challenges and their mental health. Additionally, the study explored coping mechanisms employed by farmers, including community-based support systems and adaptive farming strategies. Results showed high rates of depression (26.4%), anxiety (25.6%), trouble sleeping (24 %), and stress (21.6%) among smallholder farmers. Coping strategies such as alternative income activities and emotional support were common, yet not significantly linked to better mental health outcomes. Community programs like the Farmer Input Support Program (FISP) and savings groups were widely accessed but mental health services remained underutilized (5.6%). However, 70% of the farmers perceived community support as helpful. The findings suggest urgent need for integrated mental health and climate resilience programs to support farmers' psychological well-being in the midst of climate variability.