Exploring the Key Challenges Faced By the South African Public Sector in Adopting Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

The widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has not only streamlined internal processes of the public sector but also advanced public services to citizens globally. Although these trailblazing technologies have been valued for their enhanced efficiency and streamlined processes, they have been susceptible to challenges that hinder their full potential, particularly in developing countries like South Africa. The purpose of this study is to explore the key challenges faced by the South African public sector in adopting AI. Grounded in the interpretivist paradigm, this study employs a qualitative methodology, utilising the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) technique to collect and synthesise data from the literature. The systematic analysis included 20 studies extracted from the Web of Science database. The findings of this study reveal that digital infrastructural deficit, digital illiteracy, policy and regulatory gaps, and ethical dilemmas are all key challenges encountered in the adoption of AI in the South African public sector. The implications of this study are relevant to deepening understanding and advising policymakers, decision-makers, and practitioners on AI challenges.