Impact of Biomass Burning and Anthropogenic Emissions on Africa’s Solar Radiation Budget: Causes, Implications, and Mitigation Strategies

Abstract

Africa significantly contributes to global carbonaceous aerosol emissions, driven predominantly by biomass burning (70% in sub-Saharan Africa) and rising anthropogenic activities. These emissions disrupt atmospheric energy balances, reduce surface solar radiation, and intensify regional climate variability. This study synthesizes observational data to quantify impacts on the solar radiation budget, identify emission drivers, and propose mitigation strategies. Results show that aerosol-driven radiative forcing decreases surface solar radiation by approximately 15–25% in emission hotspots during dry seasons. Key drivers include seasonal biomass burning, urban pollution, and unsustainable agriculture. Proposed mitigation pathways include transitioning to clean energy, adopting non-burn farming practices, enforcing air quality regulations, and enhancing integrated monitoring systems. These strategies are critical to strengthening Africa’s climate resilience and maintaining the global energy balance.