Strategic Assessment of Low-Carbon Initiatives in Malaysian Geoparks Using Importance-Performance Analysis

Abstract

The growing urgency to mitigate climate change has prompted the integration of low-carbon initiatives within environmentally sensitive areas such as geoparks. This study assesses the implementation and perceived importance of various low-carbon initiatives in Malaysian geopark sites using the Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) framework. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire distributed to 70 respondents from the management teams of recognized Malaysian geoparks. The variables examined include renewable energy use, waste management, eco-transportation, green technology adoption, and policy enforcement mechanisms. Descriptive statistics and IPA were applied to evaluate the performance of each initiative and to identify strategic improvement priorities. Findings reveal that initiatives such as renewable energy installation, 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) programs, and tree planting campaigns are performing well and should be maintained. Conversely, regulatory standardization, dedicated funding for low-carbon projects, and improved infrastructure for sustainable mobility were found to require more focused attention. The study highlights significant gaps in institutional capacity, awareness, and policy enforcement that hinder optimal implementation. Policy implications emphasize the need for stronger institutional frameworks, financial incentives, and community engagement mechanisms to strengthen sustainable practices in geoparks. The results contribute to enhancing Malaysia’s transition towards a low-carbon future and provide valuable insights for policymakers, local authorities, and sustainability practitioners in developing effective low-carbon strategies for protected environmental sites.