Strategies and Effective Learning in Genetics and Genomics Courses for Undergraduate Students: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Genetics and genomics courses often contain complex and abstract content that can be challenging for students to comprehend. To address this, educators must employ engaging and effective learning strategies. This paper systematically reviews the literature on trends and strategies for enhancing learning in undergraduate genetics and genomics courses. The review follows a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology using the PRISMA flow for identification, evaluation, and interpretation of studies. The search was limited to articles published between 2008 and 2025, using the keywords " learning in genetics and genomics." From 3562 articles initially identified, 28 were selected for in-depth review. The study found that Problem-Based Learning (PBL) was the most prominent approach, appearing in various forms such as PBL-RQA, PBL-Online Discussion, PBL with Scientific Argumentation, and PBL-STEM. Other strategies included STEM learning, the learning cycle, inquiry learning, case-based learning, and several hybrid models. PBL is particularly prevalent due to its ability to enhance student knowledge, creativity, and problem-solving skills by encouraging exploration of real-world issues, critical reading, and questioning. Furthermore, PBL promotes collaboration, self-directed learning, and the development of communication skills competencies highly relevant in the 21st-century academic and professional landscape. These findings suggest that integrating PBL and other active learning models into genetics education can significantly improve student outcomes and engagement.