Teachers as Murabbi in the Formation of Students' Spiritual Intelligence in Secondary Schools

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of teachers as murabbi in shaping the spiritual intelligence of students in secondary schools through a religious habit formation approach integrated into school culture. In the perspective of Islamic education, teachers not only function as conveyors of knowledge (mu'allim), but also as spiritual guides (murabbi) who instill divine values through exemplary worship, morals, and spiritual discipline. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study type conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Sumberasih, Probolinggo Regency. Data collection techniques used participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, with the main informants consisting of the principal, Islamic Education teachers, and students. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing using source triangulation techniques to maintain the credibility of the information. The results of the study show that students' spiritual intelligence is formed through three main dimensions of teacher role modeling, namely: (1) role modeling in worship, such as performing the dhuha prayer in congregation, reciting the Qur'an, and the active involvement of teachers in sunnah worship; (2) moral exemplarity reflected in a friendly, humble, and compassionate attitude, as well as the teacher's ability to control their words and emotions when interacting with students; and (3) spiritual discipline exemplarity through the teacher's consistency in arriving early for congregational prayers, reminding students of prayer times, and providing continuous spiritual motivation. These three forms of exemplary behavior not only create a religious atmosphere, but also gradually internalize spiritual values in students through the mechanisms of habituation, identification, and internalization of values. This study concludes that teacher exemplary behavior is the most effective instrument in shaping students' spiritual intelligence because it provides concrete examples that students can imitate, feel, and internalize in their daily lives.