Factors Influencing the Development of Literacy and Numeracy among Preschool Children in Rural Areas

Abstract

This study aims to identify the factors influencing the development of literacy and numeracy among preschool children in rural areas. Literacy and numeracy are critical aspects of early cognitive development that determine a child's ability to succeed in formal learning. This study employs a quantitative approach using a questionnaire instrument developed based on previous literature and learning theories such as Piaget, Vygotsky and Bruner. A total of 62 preschool teachers in Hulu Selangor were involved as study respondents. The findings indicate that factors such as basic facilities, classroom environment, the use of technology, teacher teaching methods, and parental involvement play a significant role in supporting children's literacy and numeracy development. This article also presents practical recommendations to the relevant authorities and suggests directions for future research.