Investigation of Prevalence and Causes of Substance Use among Medical and Business Students at a Selected University in Zambia

Abstract

Substance abuse among university students is a growing concern globally, impacting academic performance and overall well-being. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and factors contributing to substance use among Medical and Business students at a selected University in Zambia. Previous studies highlight the significant influence of peer pressure, stress, and curiosity on students' substance use. Additionally, research conducted in Nigeria and Zambia underscores the negative outcomes associated with substance abuse, including social disturbances, poor academic performance, and health issues. By understanding these factors, appropriate interventions can be developed to promote healthy learning environments and student well-being. The main objective of the research study will be to investigate the prevalence and causes of substance use among medical and business students at the selected university in Zambia. The study investigates substance use prevalence and causes among Medical and Business students at the selected university in Zambia. Employing a qualitative approach, data will be collected using structured interviews and cross-sectional surveys. A sample of 288 students will be selected using stratified random sampling. Data analysis will involve descriptive statistics and frequency tables, conducted using SPSS software. Ethical considerations include obtaining informed consent, ensuring confidentiality, and adhering to institutional guidelines. The study surveyed 288 students at the the selected university in Zambia, revealing a high prevalence of substance use among Medical and Business students. 86.8% reported using substances such as caffeine (41.3%) and over-the-counter medications (24.3%) to enhance cognitive function. Academic pressure (60.4%) and peer pressure (29.2%) were the main reasons cited for substance use. Most students (70.1%) believed substance use had a negative impact on academic performance. The specific goals of this study, which were to identify the types, prevalence, and causes of substance use among the student’s pursuing business and medicine, were successfully met. The results show that 86.8% of participants reported using drugs, a statistic largely driven by peer pressure (29.2%) and academic pressure (60.4%). The most often used substances were over-the-counter medications (24.3%) and caffeine (41.3%), indicating a preference for easily accessible and lawful options for improving cognitive function.