Apology and Forgiveness: Buddhist Psychological Approach to Peace, Conflict Resolution, and Reconciliation

Abstract

Peace and conflict resolution have become vital amid various global conflicts. This study aims to examine Buddhist psychological concepts and practices related to apology and forgiveness, and to develop a systematic framework for conflict resolution, peace-building, and reconciliation grounded in these principles. The research was conducted through textual analysis using qualitative methodologies, examining Buddhist canonical texts alongside relevant secondary sources. Employing thematic analysis, four main themes and their related subthemes were identified and explored from the collected data: foundations in Buddhist principles and practices, monastic rituals of apology and forgiveness, meditative practices that foster these qualities, and modern applications and frameworks for reconciliation. The study reveals that the concepts of apology and forgiveness are embedded in early Buddhist practices and cultures, playing a crucial role in conflict resolution and maintaining peace and harmony among individuals and nations. The ritual of apology and forgiveness practised by Buddhist monks serves as a model for seeking and granting reconciliation. The comprehensive framework offered by Buddhist psychology concerning apology and forgiveness is highly relevant to current efforts in conflict resolution, peace-building, and reconciliation. Future research should investigate cultural sensitivities and potential barriers to implementing these Buddhist teachings and practices for conflict resolution and peace.