Assessing the Effectiveness of Early Warning and Flood Preparedness Behavior in Malé City

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of early warning systems (EWS) and their influence on flood preparedness behavior among residents of Malé City, Maldives, a densely populated island highly vulnerable to climate-induced flooding. Amidst increasing flood risks driven by sea level rise, urban overcrowding, and inadequate infrastructure, effective early warnings and individual preparedness are vital components of disaster risk reduction. Using a quantitative research design, the study surveyed 130 residents across various districts to assess their level of flood preparedness and perceived effectiveness of existing EWS. Descriptive statistics revealed moderate preparedness levels, with notable gaps in public knowledge of flood-prone areas and safety protocols. Regression analysis demonstrated a strong, statistically significant relationship between perceived EWS effectiveness and preparedness behavior (R = 0.683, R² = 0.466, p < .001), indicating that nearly half of the variation in preparedness can be explained by how effective residents perceive early warnings to be. The findings underscore the critical role of timely, clear, and inclusive communication in enhancing community resilience. The study further identifies barriers to inclusive risk communication, particularly for persons with disabilities and non-Dhivehi speakers. Based on the findings, the report offers targeted recommendations for improving EWS accessibility, enhancing public education, and integrating universal design principles to ensure that flood resilience strategies in Malé City leave no one behind.