Enhancing Quality Assurance in Non-Formal Education: A Case Study of the Complementary Education Agency of Ghana

Abstract

This study investigates quality assurance in Ghana’s Complementary Education Agency (CEA), responsible for non-formal education. Guided by systems theory, it explores administrative and academic quality assurance, implementation challenges, and effects on educational equity and national development. Using a qualitative approach, data from CEA regional directors were collected through interviews, augmented by document analysis. Findings revealed gaps in consistency, resources, and recognition but highlight promising practices in curriculum development, staff recruitment, induction, training, and development. Also, collaboration and community engagement scaled CEA’s strategies of maximising relevant outcomes. Key administrative practices include staff recruitment, records keeping and data management, while academic quality assurance focuses on assessment, curriculum development, and management. These practices support the CEA's mandate to provide quality non-formal education. Challenges include limited resources, accessibility, and inadequate monitoring. Recommendations include policy alignment, sustainable funding, professional development, and culturally responsive frameworks. Strengthening these is vital to support Ghana’s quest for equitable education outcomes and the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Further research is advised on district-level supervisors and community perspectives to develop a better community-based approach to CEA across Ghana's 260 districts.