Enhancing Reading Comprehension through Interactive Learning with ChatGPT: An Approach for International Primary School ESL Learners

Abstract

This systematic literature review (SLR) examines the role of ChatGPT as an AI-powered interactive learning tool for enhancing reading comprehension among English as a Second Language (ESL) learners in international primary schools. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the review synthesizes empirical studies published between 2020 and 2025 that investigate the effectiveness of ChatGPT-generated, personalized reading materials. The review addresses two research questions: (1) What are the emerging trends in interactive learning with ChatGPT for improving reading comprehension in ESL contexts? and (2) What benefits do learners and teachers report when using ChatGPT for ESL reading instruction? Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that ChatGPT supports personalized and adaptive learning, leading to improvements in reading comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, reading fluency, and learner engagement. The review concludes with recommendations for integrating AI tools into primary ESL curricula to support inclusive, culturally responsive, and effective language instruction.