Effects of Solid Waste Disposal on Soil Quality in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated the chemical properties and environmental implications of soil samples collected from three dumpsites labeled as Old bridge, Wurukum, and High level, and a Control sample collected at 100m from each of the dumpsites. The analysis focused on key parameters including base saturation, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), nutrient levels (Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Nitrogen), and concentrations of heavy metals (Lead, Chromium, Cobalt, Zinc, Nickel, Copper and Manganese). The samples were collected and analyzed using standard analytical equipment, reagents and procedures. Results revealed significant variations among the samples, indicative of diverse impacts of waste disposal on soil fertility and contaminant accumulation. High levels of Chromium and Lead in certain samples underscore environmental concerns, necessitating remediation strategies to mitigate potential health risks. Furthermore, differences in soil physical properties such as bulk density and clay content highlight the influence of waste materials on soil structure and nutrient retention. The findings underscore the importance of effective waste management practices to safeguard soil quality and promote sustainable land use in contaminated areas. The study concluded that solid waste disposal significantly affects soil quality in Makurdi, with notable variations in chemical properties and heavy metal content across the sampled sites. Based on the findings, it is recommended that regular soil monitoring be conducted, especially in areas like Old Bridge where the CEC is highest (12.61 cmol kg⁻¹), to ensure sustained soil fertility and prevent nutrient loss. Given the significant Chromium content at High Level (0.28 mg kg⁻¹) and Lead levels across all sites, immediate remediation efforts should be initiated to prevent further contamination and protect public health. Additionally, improving waste management practices, including better waste segregation and controlled disposal, is crucial to minimize the introduction of heavy metals and other pollutants into the soil, ensuring long-term soil health and agricultural productivity. It was also recommended that further research be carried out by expanding the coverage of this research and in another season.