Evaluating the Health and Ecological Risks of Plastic Waste Pollution in Lagos State

Abstract

Background: The use of plastics in many aspects of daily life has become a globally accepted practice and one that is here to stay. Plastic is inexpensive, readily available, lightweight, and strong, making it the preferred material for various applications in agriculture, packaging, electronics, and other human activities. Population increase and industrialization have led to the extensive production of plastic materials, which has resulted in the attendant generation of plastic waste. Improper disposal of this waste can lead to a vast accumulation of plastic waste in the environment, which can pose serious health and ecological risks to residents.
Aim: This study assessed the health and ecological risks of plastic waste pollution in Lagos State. It also examined residents' awareness of plastic waste pollution and identified factors contributing to its prevalence in the State.
Methodology: .The study was a cross-sectional survey targeting adult residents of the State - 18 years and above. A sample size of 385 was calculated from the estimated population of 15,500,000 [as reported by the Lagos State Bureau of Statistics, 2024], using Raosoft sample size calculator. The data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire which was shared electronically to the participants. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0. Descriptive statistics was deployed for data evaluation, and results were expressed as percentages and frequencies
Results: A total of 380 respondents participated, out of which 94.2% of the respondents are educated up to tertiary [57.4%] and post-tertiary [36.8%] levels. The results showed that most of the respondents [98.2%] were aware of plastic waste pollution, with 82% recognising the possibility of health risks and 79% acknowledging the possible ecological risks arising from plastic waste pollution.
Conclusion: The study found that plastic waste pollution poses significant health and ecological risks in the state. These risks can be reduced by implementing specific measures, such as enhancing plastic waste management, fostering collaboration between the government and stakeholders to promote eco-friendly alternatives to plastics, and enforcing stricter waste disposal regulations.