Socioeconomic Factors Contributing to Anemia in Pregnancy

Abstract

Anemia in pregnancy is a major global health problem affecting nearly 40% of women worldwide, with higher prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. Iron deficiency remains the leading cause, but socioeconomic factors such as income, education, occupation, and healthcare access significantly influence anemia risk. This study, conducted among 250 pregnant women attending antenatal care at Subharti Hospital, Meerut, aimed to investigate how socioeconomic disparities contribute to anemia prevalence. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records. Statistical analysis revealed strong associations between anemia and lower education (p<0.01), low income (p<0.01), limited antenatal visits (p<0.05), poor dietary diversity (p<0.01), and lack of supplementation (p<0.01). Cultural restrictions and weak social support further exacerbated the problem. The findings highlight that beyond biological causes, socioeconomic inequalities play a pivotal role in maternal anemia. Strengthening health education, improving dietary intake, ensuring affordable supplements, and enhancing healthcare access can significantly reduce the burden of anemia in pregnancy.