240 Articles
Ms Shaily Mishra, Ms Yashvi Trivedi
Biological Ageing refers to the progressive decline in physiological function and is influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In recent years, the concept of biological age has gained importance as a more accurate indicator of health status than chronological age. Lifestyle behaviours such as physical activity, sleep quality, diet, and stress management play a significant role in determining biological Ageing and the risk of lifestyle-related diseases. The present study investigates lifestyle factors associated with early biological Ageing and examines awareness and willingness among Indian adults to adopt lifestyle modifications for healthy Ageing. The study used a cross-sectional survey design with a sample of 25 participants selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering physical activity, sleep duration, stress levels, dietary habits, awareness about reverse Ageing, and willingness to adopt lifestyle changes. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.
Mr. Chetan Prakash Bardwal, Ms. Nirma Pandya
A study conducted to assess the effect of health teaching on knowledge and practice, regarding feeding technique among care takers of cerebral palsy children in selected orphanages in Palanpur. Material & Method: The Evaluative approach and pre- experimental one group pre test post test design was adopted for this study. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used for sample selection. The data were collected from 30 care takers of cerebral palsy children. The study was conducted at smt. indumati rajnikant mehta 'anand niketan' School for the Mentally Divyang, Palanpur. Structured question for knowledge & Observational checklist for Practice tool was used to gather the data. Through SPSS, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: Result showed that during pre-test majority 19 (63.3%) had poor knowledge, 11 (36.3%) had average knowledge & 22 (73.3%) had poor practice, 8 (26.7%) had average practice. where as in post-test maximum 22 (70.3%) had good knowledge, 8 (26.7%) had average knowledge & 21 (70%) had good practice, 9 (30%) had average practice regarding feeding technique among care takers of cerebral palsy children. Result on knowledge showed that post-test mean knowledge score 16.43±3.05 was higher than mean pre-test knowledge score 8.53±2.45 with mean difference of 7.90 with calculated value (t=16.05 at df=29, p=0.001) was found significant. For practice post test mean practice score 11.20±1.62 & mean pre test practice score 5.20±1.73 with mean difference of 6.0 with calculated value (t=20.57 at df=29, p=0.001) was found significant.
Dr. Chandrashekar M. Mathapati
As India navigates the Amrit Kaal—the decisive 25-year period leading to its centenary of independence—the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 stands as the definitive roadmap for a $30 trillion developed economy. Bengaluru, as the "Silicon Valley of India" and a global innovation powerhouse, plays a disproportionate role in this national transformation. This study presents an empirical analysis of how the Bengaluru startup ecosystem is strategically engineering the path to 2047. Utilizing a robust sample size of 100 startup founders and ecosystem stakeholders within Bengaluru, the research employs a quantitative approach to measure the ecosystem's alignment with the four pillars of Viksit Bharat: Yuva (Youth), Ghareeb (Poor), Annadata (Farmers), and Nari Shakti (Women). The empirical findings reveal that while Bengaluru has matured into the world's 14th-ranked startup ecosystem as of 2025, its contribution is shifting from software-as-a-service (SaaS) to DeepTech, AI, and hardware-led innovation. The data suggests that over 70% of the surveyed startups are actively leveraging Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) to create inclusive solutions, thereby democratizing access for the marginalized sections of society. However, the study also highlights critical systemic challenges, including a significant "funding winter" affecting late-stage ventures and the urgent need for regulatory simplification to sustain long-term R&D. The research concludes that Bengaluru’s startups are not merely economic entities but are the primary "Architects" of national resilience. The paper provides actionable policy recommendations to bridge the gap between urban innovation and rural requirements, ensuring that the technological dividends of Bengaluru’s ecosystem are distributed across the nation. By providing evidence-based insights into the city’s readiness, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how regional innovation hubs serve as the cornerstone for India's journey toward becoming a global superpower by 2047.
Catherine V. Dela Cruz, Rafael Philip S. Atibagos, Rishied S. Alberto, William Dionisio
The focus of this study is to examine the lived experiences of third- and fourth-year computer engineering students at Bulacan State University-Main Campus with regards to their academic and laboratory needs in the face of the aftermath of calamities. The study examines how students deal with the adverse effects of resource constraints by examining how the "Bahala Na" sociocultural narrative manifests itself as a coping mechanism for stress on students. The qualitative phenomenological method that the researchers employed was based on the Socio-Cultural Resource Conservation Model, which combines Gripaldo's Theory of Bahala Na as Theistic Circumstantialism with Hobfoll's Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory. Researchers utilized purposive sampling, choosing cases with valuable and meaningful data from just third- and fourth-year Computer Engineering students. Using a semi-structured interview approach, which was validated by professionals in the fields of psychology and disaster risk reduction, the researchers gathered data and then utilized Braun and Clarke's six-phase thematic analysis framework to analyze the participant narratives. Due to the lack of access to physical labs, the students experienced "Logistical Paralysis," as evidenced by the "No Power, No Code" situation, as well as a "Simulation vs. Reality Gap." The students' learning experiences also showed "Communal Resourcefulness," while their "Bahala Na" coping strategy ranged from "Passive Bahala Na" (fatalistic resignation) to "Active Bahala Na" (courage in uncertainty). This study shows that "Bahala Na" is a resource-driven reaction brought on by the significant lack of material and environmental resources during post-calamity, rather than an underlying laziness. The research suggests creating institutionalized "Compassionate Flexibility" with deadlines that are specific to the situation, creating disaster-resilient lesson plans using asynchronous learning, and establishing community centers or student-friendly evacuation shelters with dependable power and internet connectivity.
Ashwini Motekar, Indrani Patil, Kashish Shah, Ramsha Khan, Shubhangi Bankar
Background: Critically ill patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) often develop muscle weakness, reduced functional capacity, and prolonged immobilization, leading to delayed recovery. Early mobilization through structured progressive mobility protocols has been suggested to improve clinical and functional outcomes. Aim:To evaluate the effectiveness of progressive mobility protocols on functional outcomes and clinical parameters in ICU patients. Materials and Methods:A prospective controlled study was conducted on 30 ICU patients who were divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group received a progressive mobility protocol, while the control group received conventional physiotherapy. Outcome measures included ICU Mobility Scale (IMS), MRC Muscle Strength Scale, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Duration of ICU stay and mechanical ventilation were also recorded. Data were analyzed using paired and unpaired t-tests, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results:The experimental group showed significant improvement in functional mobility, muscle strength, and functional independence compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, a reduction in ICU length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation was observed in the experimental group. Conclusion: Progressive mobility protocols are effective in improving functional outcomes and reducing ICU-related complications. Their incorporation into routine ICU care can enhance patient recovery and overall clinical outcomes.
Dr. Thressiamma K. L (Sr. Teena), Ms. Amalajames, Ms. Ancyjoy, Ms. AngelMariaJolly, Ms. AnoofaPrasad, Ms. AnugrahaTreesa, Ms. JencyJhnson, Ms. Jissa Jesso, Ms. Nithya, Ms. SunuK.Rajan
Introduction: Child neglect and abuse are major public health and social problems that affect the physical, emotional, and psychological development of children. According to the World Health Organization, child abuse includes physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, as well as neglect and exploitation that may harm a child’s health, development, or dignity. Children under the age of five are particularly vulnerable because they depend entirely on caregivers, especially mothers, for protection, care, and emotional support. Methods: A quantitative study was conducted to assess the effect of structured teaching program on level of knowledge regarding child neglect and abuse among mothers of under-five children in a selected hospital at Kollam district .The objective of study were to assess the level of knowledge regarding child neglect and abuse among mothers of under five children, to evaluate the effect of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding child neglect and abuse among mothers of under five children, to find out the association between the pre-test knowledge on child neglect and abuse among mothers of under five children with selected socio demographic variable. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 30 mothers of under five children for the study. The tools used were demographic profile and structured knowledge questionnaire. Result and discussion: The findings of the study shows that the mean pre-test score is 12.033 and mean post test score is 14.87 the paired t test value for the pre-test and post-test knowledge scores is 5.22 which is greater than the table value at 0.01 level of significance and there is significant difference in the mean post-test knowledge score, thus there was a significant improvement in the knowledge regarding child neglect and abuse among mothers of under five children and statistically significant at 0.001 level. Conclusion: Hence the study concluded that structured teaching programme on child abuse and neglect was effective in improving the knowledge of mothers of under five children.
Ananya, Dr. Kritika Malhotra
10-minute grocery apps have undergone a tremendous change in terms of influencing consumer buying habits with respect to their focus on speed and convenience. The present study aims to analyse how the relationship between emotion and reason exists among consumers using these apps for fast deliveries within 10 minutes. Data collection involved surveying 70 individuals using a structured questionnaire containing questions related to demographic characteristics, motivations, emotional triggers, and purchasing behaviour. The results indicate that the majority of customers fall into the 18–24 age range and are mostly students, suggesting high penetration among young digital consumers. In terms of rational motivators, convenience and saving time ranked top, with more than 75% of participants considering them as primary factors driving their decisions to use these platforms. Most consumers also evaluated their product necessities and compared prices, implying the presence of reasonable decisions. However, emotions still affect consumers' choices to some extent. Almost half of the sample purchased items impulsively without prior planning, and many were satisfied with their actions after purchasing something. Discounts and promotions heavily influenced their decisions, whereas advertising played a minor role emotionally.
Dr. Prakritik Mishra
Secure land ownership and institutional access are critical determinants of rural economic inclusion and agricultural productivity in developing regions. This study examines the relationship between women’s land rights, institutional barriers, and rural economic development in Kone Block of Sonbhadra District, Uttar Pradesh, a geographically strategic yet economically underperforming region located near the borders of Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh. Despite its potential to function as a regional agricultural trade hub due to its cross-border connectivity, Kone Block continues to face significant development constraints arising from weak infrastructure, limited market access, and administrative inefficiencies. Using a case-based policy analysis combined with regional agricultural data and institutional assessment, the study highlights systemic governance challenges that restrict inclusive economic growth. Particular attention is given to land mutation delays, illustrated through the case of Somawati Devi, a woman farmer whose legally purchased land has remained unrecognized in official revenue records for an extended period. The study demonstrates how delays in mutation processes restrict women farmers’ access to institutional credit, agricultural subsidies, and formal financial systems, thereby reinforcing gendered economic exclusion in rural areas. In addition to land governance issues, the research identifies key structural constraints affecting the region, including limited agricultural infrastructure, fertilizer supply disruptions, absence of procurement centers, underutilization of District Mineral Foundation resources, and weak electricity governance. The findings suggest that strengthening land administration, improving interstate connectivity with Jharkhand, and developing agricultural trade infrastructure could transform Kone Block into an integrated regional agricultural trade corridor. Such policy interventions would significantly enhance women’s economic participation, improve farmers’ incomes, and contribute to inclusive rural development in eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Erma T. Conde, Julius T. Vergara
Biosecurity plays a critical role in preventing disease outbreaks and ensuring sustainable swine production, particularly among smallholder farmers who often operate with limited resources and veterinary support. This study assessed biosecurity and disease prevention practices among smallholder swine raisers in Nueva Valencia, Guimaras, to provide a basis for developing targeted extension programs. A quantitative descriptive–analytical research design was employed, and data were collected from 50 registered swine raisers through a structured questionnaire administered through personal interviews. Results revealed that the majority of farms operate as breeding–fattening units (82%), indicating integrated smallholder production systems. Most respondents obtained replacement stocks from farmers within the same barangay (68%), while a large proportion relied on borrowed or hired breeding boars (66%). Commercial feeds or pellets were the dominant feed source (86%), and most farmers practiced daily cleaning of pigpens (74%). However, none of the respondents reported using disinfectants during cleaning, indicating a critical gap in farm biosecurity practices. Additional analysis suggests that the movement of animals between farms and the absence of disinfection protocols may increase the risk of disease transmission, including highly contagious diseases such as African Swine Fever (ASF). The findings highlight important structural and behavioral constraints influencing biosecurity adoption in smallholder systems. Strengthened extension interventions focusing on improved sanitation protocols, controlled breeding practices, and safe animal sourcing are necessary. Collaboration among local government units, veterinary services, and agricultural extension institutions will be essential to enhance farmer knowledge, strengthen biosecurity adoption, and sustain swine production in the municipality.
Oasea Khatun
This paper examines the character of the Marquis in the short story The Bloody Chamber by Angela Carter through the theoretical framework of Lacanian psychoanalysis. Carter, one of the prominent feminist writers of the modern era, presents in this story an anonymous female narrator who recalls her past life and her disturbing marriage with a wealthy aristocrat known as the Marquis. Although the Marquis appears to be a sophisticated and well-established man, his behavior gradually creates suspicion in the mind of his young wife. The mystery surrounding his personality becomes clear when the narrator enters the forbidden “bloody chamber,” where she discovers the corpses of his three previous wives. This shocking revelation exposes the violent and abnormal psychological dimension of the Marquis.
A.K. Kabeena, K. Revathi, M. Susimitha
Manikkadai Nool (wrist circumference diagnostic technique) is one of the ancient, noninvasive diagnostic methods described in Siddha medicine¹, ². It involves measuring the wrist circumference using finger units (viralkai alavu) to assess physiological and pathological conditions of an individual. ¹ This literature review aims to consolidate traditional references and clinical relevance of Manikkadai Nool in diagnosing Vatha, Pitham, and Kabha derangements and predicting prognosis ¹, ². The study compiles data from classical Siddha texts and traditional to interpret the correlation between wrist measurements and various disease states. Findings reveal that Manikkadai Nool serves as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic indicator reflecting the status of Uyir Thathukkal (vital humors) ². It emphasizes the holistic approach of Siddha medicine in assessing health without invasive procedures.
Jayakody J. A. S., Wijesinghe W. M. U. S.
Puttalam Lagoon, a significant coastal ecosystem in Sri Lanka, faces multiple threats destroying its biodiversity and the crucial ecosystem services it provides to local communities. This research focuses on identifying critical Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) within Puttalam Lagoon, considering both threats and ecosystem services. Through a comprehensive literature review and Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis, this study examines the interplay between biodiversity, threats, and habitat quality to prioritize conservation efforts effectively. The research reveals that Puttalam Lagoon's rich biodiversity is crucial for supporting local livelihoods and maintaining ecosystem health. However, anthropogenic pressures such as pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, and industrial waste, coupled with climate change impacts, pose significant risks to the lagoon's biodiversity and ecosystem services. By employing methodologies like the InVEST model and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), this study identifies areas within Puttalam Lagoon that require immediate conservation attention. Regions such as Manalthivu, Mudalappaliya, Musalpitiya, Kurinjipitiya, Wannimundalama, Anawasala, and Deuch Bay are highlighted as particularly vulnerable to threats, emphasizing the need for targeted conservation interventions. Conversely, areas with higher habitat quality, offer opportunities for proactive conservation measures to safeguard their ecological integrity and maximize ecosystem service provision. The findings show that Manalthivu, Musalpitiya, Kurinjipitiya, Wannimundalama, Anawasala, and Deuch Bay need a conservation process. In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the critical KBAs of Puttalam Lagoon, offering the first steps to identify the areas that require priority to be conserved and actionable policy recommendations for local governments and conservation practitioners. By prioritizing conservation efforts in vulnerable areas and enhancing ecosystem resilience, biodiversity and ecosystem services can be protected, promoting sustainable development and the well-being of people and the planet.
Annisa Retno Utami, Arina Rubiyasih, Doni Sugianto Sihotang, Ganjar wibowo, Mamoon Allan, Sih Natalia Sukmi, Usep Suhud, Wong Chee Hoo
Through a participatory engagement program, 20 participants consisting of Batik artisans and representatives from non-governmental organizations at the Lasem Heritage Foundation in Central Java were involved in strengthening the sustainable branding of Batik Lasem small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The program addressed key challenges faced by cultural SMEs, including limited digital access, low global visibility, and constraints in adopting new technologies in heritage-based industries. Focusing on practical applications of digital tools, the program integrated digital communication, generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), and augmented reality (AR) into facilitated training sessions. Participants were introduced to tools such as ChatGPT for caption generation and SUPA AI for visual design, enabling rapid and accessible content creation. Through collaborative activities, participants transformed cultural assets into contemporary digital narratives that maintain authenticity while enhancing market appeal. The findings indicate observable improvements in participants’ understanding of sustainable branding, digital communication skills, and willingness to adopt AI-driven marketing strategies. In addition, the program strengthened collaboration and knowledge exchange among participants. However, several challenges were identified, including variations in digital literacy, limited technological resources, and initial resistance to innovation. Structured observational assessment further supports these outcomes, showing that approximately 85% of participants demonstrated improved understanding of sustainable branding, 80% were able to produce structured digital content, and Gen AI adoption increased from 10% to 70%. Active participation in collaborative discussions also rose to 90% of participants. Overall, the study highlights the importance of integrating cultural knowledge with digital innovation and demonstrates that participatory, practice-based approaches can enhance digital capability and sustainable branding in heritage SMEs.
Dr. Lalit Kumar Dubey, Pradeep Kumar Tiwari
Natural resource management (NRM) plays a pivotal role in shaping rural livelihoods, particularly in ecologically sensitive regions of India. This paper presents a perspective study of NRM interventions and their impact on rural livelihoods in Bahraich District, Uttar Pradesh—a region characterized by fertile riverine plains, significant forest cover, and predominantly agrarian communities. Through analysis of recent initiatives in solar-powered irrigation, community-based water management, organic input production, and digital market linkages, the study examines how integrated NRM approaches are transforming rural livelihoods. The findings reveal that collective action in water management has reduced farming costs, women's self-help groups have emerged as bio-input entrepreneurs, and technological platforms are creating new market opportunities. However, challenges persist regarding crop diversification away from water-intensive varieties, tenurial security in forest-fringe villages, and the scalability of successful interventions. The study concludes that participatory NRM, when combined with institutional support and technological innovation, can significantly enhance rural livelihood security while promoting environmental sustainability.
Mohammed Mukkaram Ali, Umme Habeeba fatima
The speed with which cloud computing has been used in cooperative healthcare applications has brought forth numerous concerns as far as data privacy, decentralized trust, and secure access control are concerned. The past systems, which were centralized, are highly susceptible to single points of failure and have a restricted ability to audit sensitive medical information. This paper presents a privacy-sensitive blockchain framework that enables cooperation among people in the early detection of heart disease to work efficiently. To guarantee the secrecy of sensitive identifiers of patients and the integrity of data, the framework employs enlightened cryptography techniques, including, but not limited to, AES-256-GCM encryption and salted SHA-256 hash. The main part of the system is the high-performance stacking ensemble machine learning model, which is composed of the following models: Random Forest, XG Boost, Light GBM, and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). Possessing the ability to determine valid and suspicious access requests and effectively estimate the state of heart disease are its major functions. Smart contracts used to uphold an audit trail in an immutable fashion utilise a certified blockchain in which access decisions, audit metadata, and additional blockchain data are stored. To verify scalability and robustness, the framework is assessed using both synthetic and benchmark datasets (UCI Heart Disease). The performance of the ensemble model to improve the accuracy of an enhanced UCI Heart Disease dataset is demonstrated by experimental results showing 95% accuracy, 0.98 ROC-AUC, and better precision-recall than the performance of the individual classifiers. The results prove that the suggested framework provides a scalable, reliable, and regulation-conformant solution to medical collaboration in the cloud that will provide the best balance of top-level security and quality of clinical diagnosis.
Dr. Uday A. Deokate, Govind H. Kokani, Lalit R. Bhoye, Vijay V. Lokhande, Vinod D. Kulkarni
The species Couroupita guianensis Aubl is identified. It is not extensively utilized within Ayurvedic and traditional healing practices yet possesses numerous applications. Reap health advantages alongside enjoying an abundance of beneficial compounds found in plants. The objective of this critique is to gather information on various topics. Currently known for their medicinal uses and active chemical components. The profoundly healing effect of therapy is immense. Benefits of the cannonball tree include its medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antimicrobial, and analgesic effects. antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, analgesic, anti-arthritic, anti-biofilm, antidiarrheal, antifertility, antipyretic, reducing stress, combating tumors, soothing ulcers, treating fungal infections, promoting tissue repair, and enhancing immune function. The plant species C. guianensis contains significant amounts of substances such as isatin, quercetin, tryptanthrin, and indirubin. Under illumination. Amongst those discussed earlier in the text, this document focuses on current research concerning the therapeutic benefits of substances. And compounds within Couroupita guianensis, such as various active components, possess numerous applications.
Hari Prashanth.P.R, Isha.I¹, Varshini.K, Janani.A.M
Hairfall is the excessive loss of hair beyond the normal limit of 50-100 hairs per day and may result in thinning / alopecia. It can occur due to stress, nutritional deficiencies and medical conditions. According to siddha medicine, hairfall is caused by dearrangement of mukkutram, particularly aggravated vatham, pitham and deficiency of enbu thathu(bone marrow).² This study reviews a traditional siddha formulation prepared using quail bone ash (Coturnix coturnix) and sesame oil for topical application. The formulation was observed to reduce hair fall, stimulate dormant follicles and promote new hair growth. Sesame oil provided scalp nourishment and reduced dryness through its emollient action. The study concludes that this traditional preparation may support hair growth and scalp health, however further scientific and clinical validation is required
Dr. Ajit Narayan Jadhav, Dr. Amrita Ajit Jadhav
This study investigates the role of the banking and insurance sectors as catalysts of economic growth in India over the period FY2019-20 to FY2023-24, using exclusively verified secondary data drawn from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Financial Stability Reports, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) Annual Reports, the World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI), the Government of India Economic Survey, and the Swiss Re Institute Sigma Reports. The study integrates descriptive trend analysis with Pearson product-moment correlation analysis to examine bivariate associations between key financial sector indicators and real GDP growth. The analysis documents that India's insurance density rose consistently from USD 78 per capita in FY2019-20 to USD 95 in FY2023-24, while insurance penetration (as a percentage of GDP) peaked at 4.20 per cent during the pandemic years FY2020-21 and FY2021-22 before moderating to 3.70 per cent in FY2023-24 — a pattern driven partly by mechanical GDP-ratio effects. Gross bank credit expanded from ₹103.71 lakh crore in FY2019-20 to ₹164.35 lakh crore in FY2023-24, while the gross non-performing asset (GNPA) ratio of scheduled commercial banks fell from 8.2 per cent in March 2020 to a twelve-year low of 2.8 per cent in March 2024. Pearson correlation analysis reveals a moderate-to-strong positive association between insurance density and GDP growth (r = 0.825, n = 5), and a strong negative association between insurance density and the GNPA ratio (r = −0.925, p = 0.024), indicating that improvements in banking sector asset quality and expansions in absolute insurance coverage move together with economic output growth. The study explicitly acknowledges the severe limitation of five annual observations, cautions against causal inference, and recommends future research employing longer time series and advanced econometric methods.
Ayyadurai Mani, Narayanasamy Rajendiran, Poomalai Senthilraja, S. Senthilmurugan
The absorption, emission, and molecular docking characteristics of venlafaxine hydrochloride (VF) were investigated in the presence of various biomolecular systems (PAMAM-OH dendrimers, DNA, RNA, BSA) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Upon interaction with these biomolecules, the characteristic absorption and emission maxima of VF were significantly quenched or completely diminished. The negative calculated values of the free energies suggest that the binding processes between VF and the biomolecules are spontaneous. VF exhibited stronger binding affinity to DNA in the ground state, whereas its interaction with RNA was more pronounced in the excited state. The binding mechanisms were predominantly governed by intercalative interactions, van der Waals forces, and hydrogen bonding. The addition of VF-biomolecule complexes to AgNPs resulted in either red or blue shifts in the optical spectra, reflecting changes in the electronic environment and binding dynamics. Molecular docking studies revealed specific interactions between the nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms of VF and the biomolecular targets. Additionally, VF demonstrated potential anticancer activity through strong binding affinities with EGFR protein targets, specifically 1r51 and 2oh4, supporting its relevance in cancer therapeutics.
Anuradha Banerjee
A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes that do not require any infrastructure for communication. The nodes co-operatively maintain network connectivity. These kinds of networks are very useful in emergency applications like battlefield communication, disaster recovery, traffic management etc. There exists an abstract electronic circle around each node within which the nodes can directly send information. This circle is called radio-circle and communication with the nodes residing within the radio-circle of a node is called single-hop communication. Radius of the radio-circle is called radio-range. The collection of nodes nj that reside within the radio-circle of one particular ode ni at time t, is called the set of downlink neighbours of ni at that time t. Similarly, the collection of nodes nj that contain ni within their radio-circle at time t, is called the set of uplink neighbours of ni at time t. For a communication session, if the destination resides within the radio-circle of the source then it is a single hop communication. On the other hand, if the destination is not within the radio-range of the source then a multi-hop steady path needs to be established. In this multi-hop path, several nodes act as bridge or routers that forward the packet of the source. Building such a multi-hop path from source to destination is very difficult due to random node dynamics in ad hoc networks. Design of routing protocols for ad hoc networks is very difficult due to inherent dynamism and frequent topology change. A huge number of research articles on unicast, multicast, broadcast and geocast protocols are available in the literature of ad hoc networks. Some of them are power-aware. Similarly, several clustering mechanisms as well as selfish and malicious activity detection and prevention techniques have evolved. In this paper a survey of unicast routing protocols in ad hoc networks is presented.
Boris Kotey Sasraku-Neequaye, Lynda Dede Graham
Purpose – This paper systematically reviews advances in hospitality operations, and synthesizes current trends, technological innovations, and management strategies that are transforming operational performance in hotels, restaurants, and other service environments. Advancements reviewed include digitalization, automation, data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), sustainability practices, service quality innovations, and human-machine interface integration. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic literature review methodology was implemented. Peer reviewed journal articles and industry reports published between 2000 and 2025 were collected from Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald Insight, and ScienceDirect. A total of 234 articles were screened, and 112 relevant publications were analyzed using thematic synthesis and content analysis. Findings – Key advances in hospitality operations are grouped into five thematic domains: (1) technological innovation and digital transformation, (2) operational process automation, (3) service quality and experience management, (4) sustainable and green operations, and (5) workforce innovation and human technology collaboration. These advances have reshaped operational models, improved service delivery, and enhanced organizational competitiveness. However, challenges related to cybersecurity, workforce adaptation, cost barriers, and integration complexities remain. Research limitations/implications – The review is limited to English language literature and may not fully capture region specific operational innovations. Future research should empirically test the impact of these advances across diverse hospitality contexts and quantify performance outcomes. Practical implications – Hospitality managers must strategically plan technology adoption, invest in employee digital skills, implement sustainability protocols, and design customer centric operational systems to gain competitive advantage. Originality/value – This review integrates fragmented research across multiple domains and proposes an integrated operational perspective that links advances in technology, management practices, and service innovations in hospitality operations.
Joseph B. Abang
Retirement is a stage where usual activities become less and with some limitations. Without proper planning, work must continue even reaching retirement age. Adaptive coping must be a meaningful experience for retirees in dealing with retirement demands. This study aimed to appraise aging retirement plans and coping approaches to retirement among nurses in the academe and hospitals in Cagayan de Oro City. Descriptive correlational and multiple regression as statistical tools on 291 voluntary participants. Aging retirement plans and coping approaches to retirement revealed high positive outcomes. It indicates that nurses regarded aging retirement plans and coping approaches to retirement as vital elements for personal and professional growth. A significant relationship exists between coping approaches to retirement according to gender, length of work experience, and the number of family dependents. Likewise, significant relationships exist between coping approaches to retirement and aging retirement plans according to self-rated knowledge of financial planning for retirement and financial risk tolerance. The regression model is not significant on variables that predict coping approaches to retirement. Hospitals and academic institutions may develop a comprehensive retirement policy on aspects of retirement gearing towards realizing nurses’ adaptive coping approach to the retirement demands.
Dr. Deeksha S.
The accelerating climate crisis and rising corporate net-zero commitments have intensified demand for credible carbon offset mechanisms. Agroforestry, which integrates trees with crops and livestock systems, presents a scalable nature-based solution capable of sequestering significant atmospheric carbon while enhancing rural livelihoods. This paper proposes an institutional framework for transforming farmer-managed agroforestry systems into structured corporate carbon sinks through verified carbon credit generation. Drawing upon global climate governance frameworks such as the Paris Agreement and mitigation pathways outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the study conceptualizes a Farmer–Corporate Carbon Institutional Model (FCCIM). The model integrates carbon measurement, reporting and verification (MRV), aggregation through Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), and corporate procurement mechanisms. A financial simulation framework is developed to estimate revenue potential per hectare under different agroforestry densities. The paper argues that institutionalizing farmer-generated carbon credits can simultaneously address Scope 3 emissions for multinational corporations and income diversification for smallholders. Policy implications for emerging carbon markets, governance safeguards, and risk mitigation strategies are discussed.
Frank Boakye, Kwame Amponsah, Mark Osei Boateng, Nana Opoku Justice, Opoku-Asamoah Fred
The incorporation of Artificial Intelligence in hiring processes, consumer analytics, and lending processes has transformed these procedures by ensuring data-driven decision-making, increased efficiency, and minimizing time spent on the processes. This article explores the multidimensional aspects of bias in AI-based hiring systems, lending systems, and consumer analytics, spotlighting how feature selection, historical data, and model design can unintentionally reinforce current economic, workplace, and societal inequalities. By exploring real-life case studies and analyzing commonly utilized machine learning models used for these processes, this study will identify sources of bias and their possible implications on underrepresented groups. As a way of getting rid of these biases, this paper uses existing literature to recommend strategies for developing fair systems, including regular auditing protocols, diverse training datasets, and bias mitigation technique. Moreover, relying on top notch sources, the paper emphasizes the importance of ensuring trustworthiness and ethical alignment throughout the procedures. This paper aims to offer practical insights for policymakers, human resource professionals, developers, and policy makers to build and adopt AI-fueled hiring, lending, and consumer analytics solutions that are both efficient and equitable. As AI continues to redesign the future of these concepts, guaranteeing fairness throughout the processes is crucial to establishing diverse and inclusive models.
Dr. Anu R Chandran, Jayalekshmi S.R, Sangeetha.S
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the financial services sector by enhancing customer service delivery through automated systems. AI-powered chatbots are increasingly used by banks, insurance companies, and financial institutions to improve customer engagement, reduce operational costs, and provide 24/7 assistance. This study examines the role of AI-powered chatbots in financial services customer support, evaluating their benefits, challenges, and impact on customer satisfaction. The research adopts a conceptual and analytical approach by reviewing existing literature and industry practices. Findings suggest that AI chatbots enhance service efficiency, reduce response time, and improve customer experience. However, concerns such as data privacy, limited contextual understanding, and technological dependency remain key challenges. The study concludes that while AI chatbots cannot fully replace human interaction, they serve as a powerful complementary tool in modern financial customer service systems.
M. Sulthan Ibrahim, S. Bhuvaneswari
Image processing techniques are a crucial component of modern computer technologies, playing a significant role in various applications such as the medical field, object detection, video surveillance systems, and computer vision. A key aspect of image processing is image segmentation, which involves dividing images into smaller parts known as segments. This process simplifies image representation to facilitate analysis. Numerous algorithms have been developed for image segmentation, each based on specific pixel features. This paper reviews and analyzes different segmentation algorithms, ultimately comparing them. Such a comparative study is valuable for enhancing the accuracy and performance of segmentation methods across various image processing domains.
Dr. Sanjay Kumar Tripathi, Dr. Shubham Banolta
Anaemia is Decrease in RBC count, Haemoglobin and/or Haematocrit values resulting in lower ability for the blood to carry oxygen to blood tissues. The clinical condition of Pandu in Ayurveda can be co-related with Anaemia described in Modern Medical Science, due to the resemblance in the clinical signs and symptoms. Pandu Roga is one of the diseases mentioned in Ayurveda, which is one of the “Varnopalakshita Roga” i.e., a disease characterized by the change in the colour of an individual. Anaemia is a major global public health problem and the most prevalent nutritional deficiency disorder in the world which is a significant issue for global public health. Each has its own cause. It can be short term or long term. Different types of anemia have different causes i.e; it can be due to Nutritional deficiency, Haemolytic, Haemorrhagic, Aplastic or may be due to any Chronic Disorder. In Ayurvedic classics, the description of Pandu is available in three forms i.e. Pandu as a disease, Pandu as a complication and Pandu as a sign of certain diseases. Several oral iron preparations are used to treat anaemia, but they come with a variety of side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation and a metallic taste. Due to changes in the intestinal flora, these worsen the patient's condition. There are many forms of anemia. The article is a case study which focus over the management of anaemia due to chronic disorders by Ayurvedic prospective.
Dr. Wing Cheung TANG, Ir. Dr. Samuel Kwok Piu LIP
This article explores recent policy efforts in Hong Kong aimed at fostering a pet economy by easing longstanding restrictions on pets in restaurants and public transportation. Utilizing government documents, legislative drafts, media coverage, and stakeholder input, the study examines the complex effects of these changes on environmental hygiene, the food and beverage sector, and public transit. The findings suggest that although the policies respond to demographic trends (9.4% of households own around 400,000 cats and dogs) their implementation exposes a tension between economic goals and public health concerns. The government’s phased strategy, which encourages voluntary adoption and grants operational discretion to businesses, reflects a tentative attempt to balance these competing interests. Nonetheless, unresolved issues persist, including responsibility for hygiene-related incidents, the impact on patrons without pets, and whether existing infrastructure can adequately support these changes. The article contends that the effectiveness of Hong Kong’s pet-friendly policies will rely not only on regulatory adjustments but also on fostering a culture of responsible pet ownership and enhancing public awareness regarding coexistence between humans and animals.
Dr Laxmi Kulkarni, Dr. C. Anitha
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age and is frequently associated with obesity, insulin resistance, menstrual irregularities, and hyperandrogenism. Lifestyle modification, particularly dietary management and weight reduction, is considered the first-line therapy for overweight women with PCOS. The present prospective interventional study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary management on weight reduction, metabolic parameters, menstrual cyclicity, and quality of life among overweight women with PCOS. The study was conducted over a period of 16 weeks among 25 overweight women aged 18–35 years diagnosed with PCOS. The dietary intervention was implemented in two phases: an initial 8-week meal replacement–based energy-restricted diet (1500 ± 150 kcal/day) for weight loss, followed by an 8-week weight maintenance phase involving either moderate carbohydrate restriction or moderate fat restriction, with emphasis on a low glycemic index diet. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, menstrual cycle, dietary intake, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and at regular intervals. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist–hip ratio, and mid-upper arm circumference over the study period (p < 0.001). Mean insulin levels showed a progressive decline, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. Menstrual cycle regularity improved, with a reduction in average cycle length from 37 days at baseline to 28 days at 16 weeks. The findings highlight that modest weight loss achieved through structured dietary intervention and physical activity significantly improves metabolic, hormonal, and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS.
Dr. Nafees Hashim Rizvi, Dr. Zain Mehdi
The European Union (EU) established Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) as a regulatory barrier under Regulation (EU) 2023/956 which entered its definitive phase in January 2026. This changed the way how climate policy and international trade are governed. CBAM is an important "live trade issue" because India seeks to achieve its two major objectives. To become Net Zero by 2070 and Viksit Bharat @2047. This paper discusses the legal and economic impacts of CBAM on trade between India and the European Union (EU). It focuses on the industries like iron, steel and aluminium which are highly vulnerable. The study examines that India faced a significant “2024Trade Shock” because exports covered under CBAM decreases from USD 7,369 million in 2023 to USD 6,321 million in 2024.The major reasons for this fall are administrative and reporting challenges during the period of transition. The augmented gravity model and verified EU ETS auction data from 2023 to 2025 shows that adding Scope 2 emissions raises the ad valorem equivalent (AVE) burden up to 15% to 20% for steel and a "catastrophic" 30% to 40% for aluminum. The paper uses the concept of Divisibility Condition Hypothesis (DCH) which is based on 41 stakeholder interviews. It explains how regulatory diffusion happens in different groups. It argues that production divisibility helps Integrated Steel Plants (ISPs) to segregate output by assigning low-carbon products for the EU. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises(MSMEs) will face market challenges due to limited financial capacity and data acess. The study also examines that whether CBAM is compatible with the GATT Articles I, III, and XX or not. It considers that providing free subsidies to the European Union(EU) producers is a "protectionism in disguise." The analysis determines that CBAM acts as a regressive non-tariff barrier (NTB) that may result in unequal welfare losses for developing countries like India because they do not have a domestic carbon pricing system recognized by the European Union(EU).
Turyayesiima Nathan.
Climate change and environmental degradation pose significant threats to food security, particularly in refugee affected regions of Uganda. This study examined the adoption of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices among households in Bidibidi refugee settlement and Romogi Sub County, Yumbe District. The objectives were to identify commonly applied CSA practices, analyze socio economic and institutional drivers of adoption. A cross sectional household survey was conducted with 375 respondents selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected using structured interviews and analyzed with descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Results indicated that the most widely adopted CSA practices were planting climate adapted crop varieties (94.7%), adjusting planting dates (82.4%), and establishing kitchen gardens (79.2%). Intercropping and soil and water conservation were moderately practiced, while agroforestry (23.5%) and irrigation (68.3%) were least adopted. Adoption drivers varied across practices: land ownership, household income, education, and access to extension services were significant for crop varieties and agroforestry; land tenure, household leadership, and schooling influenced planting dates; irrigation adoption was shaped by water access, household size, and group membership. Structural factors such as secure land tenure and resource availability consistently emerged as critical determinants, while demographic variables like gender and marital status showed limited influence. The study concludes that CSA adoption in refugee and host communities is highly context specific, with resource constraints limiting uptake of capital intensive practices. Strengthening land tenure security, expanding water infrastructure, and enhancing participatory extension services are essential to scale CSA adoption. These interventions will improve household food security, build resilience to climate shocks, and contribute to sustainable livelihoods in Uganda’s refugee affected regions.
Bosah, B.O., Enuenwemba, C. J., Otoikhian, C.S.O.
Chlamydia trachomatis is a major public health concern and is one of the leading causes of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and infertility worldwide. A community-based crosssectional study was used to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among patients attending selected Primary Health Care facilities in Ukwuani Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria from January 2023 to February 2025. Venous blood and Endocervical swab samples were collected from consenting male and female patients. Antigens against all the three species of Chlamydia were prepared as life antigen in the laboratory. Giemsa staining technique was used to observe chlamydia and chlamydia inclusion bodies under the oil immersion objective lens (x100). Using cell culture fluorescence assay (CCFA), blood and endocervical samples were screened for Chlamydia complement-fixing antibodies (CCFA) using a speciesspecific antibody spot test kit and rapid point-of-care testing (POCT). Antibody titration revealed titres ranging from 1:8 to 1:1024, with the majority of cases showing moderate titres (1:16–1:64), suggesting recent infections. High titres (≥1:256) were detected in some older age groups, indicating possible chronic or recurrent infections. Chlamydia species isolated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were Chlamydia trachomatis at band 321bp (54.1%), Chlamydia pneumoniae at band 241 (31.6%) and Chlamydia psittaci at band 389 (10.3%) indicating co-infection. The results of the current study demonstrate that Chlamydia trachomatis is a significant public health problem that causes infertility problems. This underscores the need for targeted screening, health education, and control measures in rural communities. Seasonal trends and antibody titre distribution highlight the importance of continuous surveillance to prevent long-term complications.
Nneji, E. G, Obiajulu, O. O
The DC electrical resistivity measurement employing Schlumberger electrode configuration was used to estimate the transmissivity of aquifer in Amawbia and its environs, Southeastern, Nigeria. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) data were collected at four different locations with maximum current electrode spacing of 600 m. The interpretation was done using software called IP2win. The result revealed that the lithology of the area comprised mainly of laterite, clayey sand, dry sand, shale and saturated sand. The result revealed that the first layer resistivity and thickness ranged between 284.30 and 1313.5 Ωm and between 2.29 m and 2.54 m. The resistivity and thickness of the second layer ranged between 87.87 and 1726.81 Ωm and between 1.57 m and 8.79 m. The third layer resistivity ranged between 15.57 and 1520.66 Ωm while the resistivity and thickness of the aquiferous layer ranged between 663.39 and 1528.17 Ωm and between 22.11 and 29.39 m respectively. The layer parameters (resistivity and thickness) obtained from the interpretation of the data were used to compute the longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance. Data analysis was done with the relationship between aquifer characteristics and Dar-Zarrouk parameters to obtain the transmissivity values. The calculated transmissivity values ranged from 4.12 to 9.63 m2/day.
Dr. Amit Bijon Dutta
This paper looks at the growing impact of Artificial Intelligence on human resource management, focusing specifically on the Indian context. Human resource functions, which once cantered on personnel administration and compliance, are now evolving into strategic areas of managing human capital. This change is supported by data analytics, machine learning, and predictive systems. In this shift, AI plays a key role in improving operational efficiency, workforce intelligence, and leadership continuity. The paper examines this change across four main areas: ethical AI in recruitment, generative AI as an operational helper, predictive workforce planning, and AI-supported leadership identification and succession planning. The study suggests that AI in HR should not be seen just as a tool for automation; rather, it signals a major change in how we manage talent, organizational capabilities, and future leadership. In recruitment, AI speeds up screening and improves candidate matching, but it also raises concerns about algorithmic bias and fairness, especially within India's diverse socio-economic landscape. In HR operations, generative AI aids in documentation, policy drafting, training content, and communication processes. This reduces the administrative burden and allows HR professionals to focus on more important strategic tasks. Predictive analytics enhances workforce planning by helping identify attrition risks, skill gaps, and future talent needs early on. Similarly, AI-supported leadership analytics helps systematically identify high-potential employees, although these systems often struggle to capture deeper human traits like ethical judgment, emotional maturity, and crisis leadership. The paper concludes that while India shows relatively strong AI adoption in HR compared to global averages, responsible use is crucial. Transparency, fairness audits, explainability, data protection, and human oversight should be central to AI governance. The future of HR depends not on replacing human judgment but on enhancing it through responsible and strategically targeted technology integration.
Aditya Gupta
The merger of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and renewable energy technologies is changing the face of the sustainable cooling technology space. Among the technologies being developed in this space include DC Solar Air Coolers that are air cooling technologies that utilize Direct Current (DC) electricity that can be produced using Solar PV Panels. Solar Air Coolers are experiencing setbacks in terms of energy efficiency techniques and adaptability to environmental variability. There are also setbacks concerning maintenance and operation. The adoption of AI technologies has presented an opportunity for the development of DC Solar Air Coolers that are adaptable and fit for sustainable and efficient cooling.
Hirranyaa Nallappan, Norazah Binti Mohd Nordin
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly influenced language education by reshaping instructional practices, assessment methods, and learner engagement. In the context of Tamil language teaching and learning, the integration of AI remains an emerging yet underexplored area, particularly for a linguistically complex and comparatively low-resource language. This study reviews recent scholarly literature to examine the benefits and challenges associated with the use of AI tools in Tamil language education. A systematic literature review was conducted on studies published between 2021 and 2025 using major academic databases, following a structured screening and selection process. The findings indicate that AI tools contribute positively to personalized learning, learner engagement, writing development, accessibility, and assessment efficiency in Tamil language instruction. However, significant challenges persist, including limited availability of high-quality Tamil linguistic datasets, inadequate technological infrastructure, insufficient teacher preparedness, and ethical concerns related to bias, data privacy, and academic integrity. This review highlights the need for localized AI development, targeted professional training for educators, and coherent policy frameworks to support sustainable AI integration in Tamil language education. The study provides a consolidated understanding of current trends and identifies directions for future research and policy development.
Ayasal Anthony Auya, Ovivi Audu Jamiu
This study examined Artificial Intelligence–Driven and Credit Management (AICM) on the financial performance of selected Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Abuja, Nigeria. Specifically, the research focused on two key AICM indicators Automated Credit Scoring Systems and Predictive Risk Analytics and their influence on profitability, asset quality, and overall financial stability. The study was motivated by the increasing integration of intelligent technologies in banking operations and the need to evaluate their measurable performance outcomes within Nigeria’s financial sector. The population comprised 652 management staff and employees of selected DMBs in Abuja, from which a sample size of 248 respondents was determined using an appropriate sampling technique. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires designed to capture perceptions and operational realities of AI-driven credit tools. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 27.0). Multiple linear regression, correlation analysis, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were employed to test the study hypotheses and determine the strength, direction, and significance of relationships among variables. The findings revealed that Automated Credit Scoring Systems significantly enhance financial performance by improving credit appraisal efficiency, reducing default rates, and strengthening loan portfolio quality among the selected DMBs in Abuja, Nigeria. Similarly, Predictive Risk Analytics demonstrated a strong positive effect on financial performance through early risk detection, improved decision accuracy, and proactive credit monitoring. The regression results indicated that both variables jointly explain a substantial proportion of variations in financial performance among the selected banks in Abuja. The study concludes that AI-driven credit management serves as a strategic enabler of operational efficiency and financial sustainability of DMBs in Abuja, Nigeria. It recommends increased investment in intelligent credit technologies, continuous staff training, and the development of robust data governance frameworks to maximize the benefits of AI integration in Nigeria’s banking sector.
Nitesh Prasad Sah
Clinical trials play a vital role in evaluating the safety and effectiveness of new medical treatments. However, conventional trial methods often face several challenges, including high operational costs, extended timelines, and difficulties in recruiting appropriate participants (6). In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising technology capable of addressing many of these limitations (1,2). AI-based tools can rapidly process large volumes of medical data, identify suitable patient populations, and support more efficient trial management (3,4). Additionally, machine learning techniques can assist researchers in predicting treatment responses and detecting potential safety concerns at earlier stages (5,17). Despite these advantages, issues related to data privacy, algorithm transparency, and ethical considerations remain important topics of discussion (16,19). This review explores current applications of AI in clinical trials, its benefits in improving research efficiency, and the potential future direction of AI-driven clinical research. In countries such as India, where healthcare data is extensive yet often fragmented, the integration of AI could significantly enhance the drug development process.
B.A. Daniel, C. Gunasekaran, M. Mohamed Ashik, R. Mohammed Shahidh
Conservation efforts are generally hindered by public misconceptions and negative perceptions toward spiders, especially for rare and endemic species. The critically endangered arboreal tarantula Poecilotheria hanumavilasumica, which is native to Rameswaram Island in India, is the focus of this study, which evaluates the effectiveness of conservation awareness initiatives conducted on the Island. Negative perceptions of the species usually arise from local people's fear, misconceptions, and misunderstandings of the facts. To address existing knowledge gaps and misconceptions, structured conservation awareness programmes were conducted across local communities, schools, and colleges at Rameswaram Island using both direct and indirect outreach methods. Through awareness-raising initiatives, 2,871 participants were directly reached, with additional indirect outreach achieved through the dissemination of educational materials and various community knowledge-sharing activities. To measure the efficacy of the awareness programmes, 402 school students aged 11–14 years who participated in a pre- and post-assessment survey were selected. The results showed a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge after the awareness interventions, with mean scores increasing from 7.25 (SD = 2.02) in the pre-test to 10.64 (SD = 2.52) in the post-test. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between pre- and post-assessment scores (t = 23.62, df = 401, p < 0.001), indicating a strong positive impact of the educational programmes. These results demonstrate how effectively environmental education programmes help dispel myths and foster positive perceptions of endangered species like Poecilotheria hanumavilasumica.
Jayanti Paul
Modern civilization depends on technology. Almost everything from education to society is standing on technology. The new information and communication technology have deeply affected our society. Around the turn off 21st century the term blended learning emerged as a new trend in teaching and learning environment. This study explores The Attitude of undergraduate students toward Blended Learning in Nadia district, WestBengal. The study is descriptive research based on survey method. Muragachha Government College and DL Roy college has been chosen for the data collection. Quantitative approach has been adopted to complete the study. The study aims to find out the attitude towards blended learning of undergraduate students among gender and locality. In this study a sample of 80 students have been selected to complete online questionnaire. Purposive sampling method have been used in this study. By using a 3 point rating scale, the questionnaire has been designed on 25 items. The data is analysed by t- test. The final result of the study indicates that there is a significant difference between boys- girls and rural-urban Undergraduate Student towards Bended Learning in Nadia district, West Bengal. This study is more effective and technology based in modern education.
Allwell Iye Agada-Adeleye, Dorcas. O. OYAWOLE, Olubiyi Johnson Ezekiel, Olufunso Caroline Dele-Adisa, Oluwafunmike Oyenike Ezekiel
Economic diversification is a critical driver of sustainable national development, particularly in resource-dependent economies such as Nigeria, where over-reliance on crude oil has rendered the economy vulnerable to external shocks. Despite the recognised strategic importance of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) education in building the human capital needed for economic transformation, little empirical attention has been given to the state of STEAM resource provision and utilisation in Nigerian Colleges of Education institutions that are pivotal in shaping teacher quality at the foundational level. This study investigated the availability and utilisation of STEAM educational resources at the Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, and their implications for teacher preparation and economic diversification. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The target population comprised all 97 lecturers from the Departments of Science Education, Mathematics Education, Technology Education, and Arts Education. Total enumeration (census) was employed, making all 97 lecturers both the population and the sample, thereby eliminating sampling error. Data were collected using a researcher-developed instrument the STEAM Educational Resources Availability and Utilisation Questionnaire (SERAUQ) validated by subject matter experts and found to have a reliability coefficient of 0.82. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations, frequency counts, and percentages. Findings revealed that STEAM resource provision is inadequate and skewed toward traditional science laboratory equipment and library materials, while critical infrastructure such as digital tools, engineering workshops, arts studios, and reliable power supply are significantly lacking. Utilisation rates were correspondingly low, constrained by poor maintenance culture, absence of institutional resource-management policies, and unstable electricity supply rather than any deficiency in lecturer competence. The study concludes that systemic and infrastructural deficiencies, not lecturer incompetence, are the primary barriers to effective STEAM delivery. It is recommended that the institution pursue balanced investment in STEAM infrastructure, establish a coherent resource-management policy, and strengthen power and ICT systems to fulfil its mandate in human capital development and national economic diversification.
Singh Anita
The present research work entitled biochemical analysis of lentil seed and plant seedling infected with fusarium oxysporum and rhizoctonia solani was conducted during Rabi season 2024-25 at the laboratory of modi institute of technology,Kota Rajasthan. The counter parts (Like leaf,stem,fruite and seeds) of lentil were selected for the study. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications to evaluate these parts. Lentil (Lens culinaris) is an important legume crop grown around the world, but its yield often decreases due to fungal infections from Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum, which lead to root rot and damping-off diseases. The biochemical changes that these infections cause in lentil seeds and seedlings are examined in this study. The levels of total protein, phenolic content, antioxidant enzyme activity (peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase), and lipid peroxidation were among the biochemical markers that were examined in both infected and healthy samples. The results showed that defense-related enzyme activity was noticeably increased in infected plants and oxidative stress indicators, indicating an activated defensive mechanism. This response suggests that lentil plants have developed a robust defense system to combat the effects of rot and damping-off diseases. Further investigation into the specific pathways involved in these biochemical responses could provide valuable insights for improving disease resistance in lentil crops. Additionally, variations in the accumulation of secondary metabolites were noted, highlighting their possible function in plant defense. The metabolic reactions of lentils to fungal diseases are better understood thanks to this study, which could also help create efficient disease control plans. Using standard quantitative techniques of biochemical analysis, important components of lentil seeds, such as lipid, starch, protein, phenol, and related enzymes, such as α- and β-amylase, polyphenol oxidase, protease, and lipase, were examined in the seeds infected with Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum.
Jeffrey A. Lucero
The application of machine learning in digital health systems has created new opportunities for improving treatment monitoring among individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. This study conducted a biomathematical analysis of machine learning models designed to predict treatment response to the Tenofovir–Lamivudine–Dolutegravir (TLD) regimen among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a selected province in the Philippines. A retrospective dataset obtained from a provincial digital health information system was analyzed, consisting of anonymized demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from patients undergoing TLD therapy. Predictive models including logistic regression, random forest, and gradient boosting were developed and evaluated using biomathematical modeling techniques. Model performance was assessed using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results indicated that machine learning algorithms effectively predicted virologic suppression outcomes. Among the models tested, the gradient boosting algorithm achieved the highest predictive performance. The biomathematical analysis revealed nonlinear interactions among baseline viral load, adherence indicators, immune status, and treatment duration. Integrating predictive analytics into digital health platforms may enable earlier identification of patients at risk for treatment failure and support data-driven clinical decision-making. These findings highlight the potential of computational methods in strengthening HIV treatment monitoring systems in resource-limited healthcare settings.
Prasannakumar Arumugam
Iterative development methods are increasingly adopted in safety-critical airborne software programs to address growing system complexity and evolving integration needs. At the same time, certification requires strict adherence to DO-178C assurance objectives [1][2]. Although DO-178C does not mandate a specific lifecycle structure, certification activities are frequently executed using milestone-oriented processes [1]. This introduces structural misalignment with incremental development, often leading to delayed compliance evidence, increased rework, instability in verification artifacts, and uncertainty during certification reviews [7][9]. This paper proposes an Incremental Assurance Framework that integrates certification objectives directly into iterative workflows. The framework is based on three key elements: progressive fulfillment of assurance objectives, disciplined handling of change impacts, and explicit maintenance of verification independence. A four-level Agile–Certification Maturity Model is also presented to describe how organizations evolve toward sustained certification readiness. A representative scenario is used to illustrate improvements in trace consistency, reduced review disruption, and enhanced predictability of certification outcomes. The results indicate that certification activities can be performed continuously alongside development while maintaining the rigor required for airborne software approval.
Ejike, O.U, Essien, U.A, Ibeagwa, O. B, Uhuegbulem
Evaluating and providing evidence for Nigeria’s Agricultural budgetary provision and the performance of crops given the allocated budget is imperative. This study examined the budgetary provision for agriculture and output performance of selected crops in Nigeria (2000-2024). It relied on secondary data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Annual Bulletin and Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical (FAOSTAT) Database. To compute the annual compound growth rates of output of selected crops (Rice, cassava, and Yam) exponential equations in time were fitted to these data. In confirming the acceleration, deceleration and stagnation in growths, quadratic equations in time variables were fitted to the output data. The actual performance of rice, yam, and cassava was evaluated using descriptive statistics by comparing their average outputs to the average budgetary allocation from 2000-2024. To estimate the correlation between budgetary expenditure and the output of the selected crops. Correlation analysis was estimated to quantify the strength and direction of the relationship between budgetary expenditure and the selected crop outputs. The result showed that rice output increased at annual rate of 2.53% but at a decelerating rate. Both yam and cassava experienced negative annual growth rates, with yam at -1.49% and cassava at -2.66%. The study confirmed statistical significant deceleration in rice and cassava output variables and stagnation in the output of yam. There was a positive correlation between budgetary expenditure and rice output, but negative correlations for yam and cassava. The low performance in the crops indicates budgetary allocation does not effectively result in higher crop yield. The result indicated that despite budgetary expenditure, the selected crops reflect inconsistencies in funding or lack of complementary investments. This implies that increases in budgetary allocations were associated with increases in rice output but decreases in yam and cassava outputs. The study recommended that a thorough review of the budget allocation processes should be conducted to identify inefficiencies and ensure equitable distribution of resources among all crops thereby optimizing the allocation which could enhance the performance of crops
Jessa M. Montemar
Academic faculty serve as the cornerstone of institutional success in higher education, particularly within healthcare institutions where the triad of teaching, research, and service creates uniquely demanding environments. Unlike other faculty groups, healthcare academic educators shoulder dual responsibilities— the academic duties such as teaching and research, and clinical supervision of students in real-world healthcare settings. This dual role exposes them to high levels of stress and makes them more vulnerable to burnout.
Welmark T. Bagus, LPT, PhD(c)
Persistent management deficiencies continue to undermine the effective implementation of the Alternative Learning System (ALS), as issues such as inadequate resources, weak administrative coordination, and inefficient program management hinder the consistent delivery of non-formal education services. These challenges affect the capacity of ALS implementers to provide accessible and quality learning opportunities for out-of-school youth and adult learners. This study examined the management challenges encountered in ALS implementation and the responses developed by administrators and implementers to sustain program delivery. Specifically, it examined the structural and administrative barriers that affect ALS operations and the coping mechanisms employed to maintain program continuity despite limited institutional support. This study utilized a qualitative single-case study design anchored in Systems Theory, which views ALS as an interconnected system where leadership, resources, community participation, and administrative processes interact to influence program outcomes. Conducted in Davao City using purposive sampling, the participants included one ALS coordinator, several ALS teachers, and one confirmer who was either an ALS graduate or a parent of an ALS completer. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and experiences among the participants. Findings revealed several persistent challenges, including the lack of appropriate learning spaces, delays in the provision of instructional materials, excessive administrative workload, and coordination gaps among stakeholders. Despite these constraints, ALS implementers demonstrated resilience by adopting flexible scheduling, strengthening community collaboration, and utilizing improvised teaching strategies to sustain learning delivery. The study concludes that stronger institutional support, improved resource allocation, and responsive policy reforms are necessary to enhance ALS management and ensure the sustainability of non-formal education programs.
Dr. Mary Egesa, Edwin Kusienya Chonge
This study investigated the challenges facing Supervised Library Reading and their effect on academic achievement in creative writing among secondary school students in Kenya. The study was guided by Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Chomsky’s Nativist Theory, which emphasize guided learning and innate language acquisition. Anchored in the pragmatic research paradigm, the study adopted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design incorporating a true experimental pre-test–treatment–post-test approach conducted over one academic term. From a target population of 5,350 Form Two students across 211 secondary schools, a sample of 360 students was selected using Krejcie and Morgan’s formula. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used, and learners were randomly assigned to three groups: Supervised Library Reading (SLR), Non-Supervised Library Reading (NSLR), and No Reading (NR). Data were collected using standardized creative writing achievement tests aligned with the KNEC marking scheme, structured questionnaires (Cronbach’s α = 0.873), and semi-structured interviews with teachers, librarians, and education officers. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings revealed statistically significant differences in creative writing achievement across the groups. The SLR group improved significantly from a mean score of 6.38 in the pre-test to 10.14 in the post-test (F(1,238) = 58.23, p < .001), while NSLR showed no significant improvement and the NR group recorded the lowest outcomes. However, challenges such as inadequate storybooks, limited reading time, underutilization of newspapers, restricted digital access, and limited innovative supervision constrained the effectiveness of SLR. The study concludes that structured supervised reading significantly enhances creative writing achievement and recommends strengthening SLR programs, expanding library resources, and integrating digital reading opportunities in secondary schools.
Anigbogu Gabriel, Henry Okolie, Iwuagwu C. Christian, Jane Mbadianya, John L. Chioma, Obasi C, Chiamaka, Obidiebube A. Eucharia, Umeh A.Ogechukwu
Objective. This study examined the diversity of improved cassava varieties using their morphological and agronomic characteristics to determine their compatibility with field mechanization and processing. Materials and Methods. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiment was conducted in 2025 cropping season.The treatments were recently developed twenty (20) cassava genotypes and one local check.Using three replications, nine (9) stands of each genotype were planted at 1m x 1m spacing on 3m x 3m plots. The shoot morphologies were evaluated using their traits before and during harvest while their storage roots were sampled at 9 and 12 months after planting (MAP). Results. showed that some of the tall cultivars (2.3 – 3.5m) UMUCASS 50 ,TMS 920057 and Local check have erect stems with cylindrical plant shape, while the remaining UMUCASS 39,32 and 54, have high dichomotous or trichomatous narrow angle branches which gave umbrella plant shape were all compatible with field mechanical operations like stem harvesting, leaves stripping and packing. In addition with TMS 980505,NR 87184 and NR 8082 they also have cylindrical/conical root shape storage roots that weighs (1.5 -11.33kg/plant) that were high in dry matter(15 – 64%) and starch(12 - 37%) which also made them compatible with mechanical processing. Conclusion. UMUCASS 50, 39,32, 54,TMS 920057, 980505, NR 87184 , NR 8082 and the Local check have shoot morphological and storage roots agronomic characteristics that are compatible with field mechanization and processing. Provided that some of a given cassava genotype traits are known, we developed a comprehensive chart that shows the level of field and processing mechanization of any given cassava genotype.
Barbra Kayombo, Brenda Hanangama, Dingase E. Mtonga, Exsaviour Sakala, Kasonde Mundende, Magasu Oliver
This study investigated the causes of learner discontent in the 2023 Grade 12 Civic Education Final Examination in Zambia. The study was motivated by the unprecedented learner protests during the 2023 examination session, which raised concerns about the relevance and fairness of the assessment process. The study adopted a qualitative research approach using a descriptive case study design. Data were collected through oral interviews with Civic Education teachers and school leavers from selected secondary schools in Lusaka District. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to select participants, while data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that the major causes of learner discontent were the inclusion of unfamiliar questions from untaught topics, limited examination time, and an overly broad paper coverage. The study further identified difficult topics such as separation of powers, corruption under specific Acts, the Bill of Rights, and international organisations particularly the United Nations as the most challenging for learners. The study concluded that the current assessment model in Civic Education was heavily theory-based and did not adequately measure civic competencies such as skills, values, and attitudes. To address these issues, the study recommended syllabus tracking to ensure full coverage, adoption of interactive teaching methods, integration of continuous assessment, and teacher retraining in assessment design. Additionally, learners should be sensitized and trained in study skills and exam preparation. Furthermore, it recommended that the Ministry of Education (MoE) and the Examinations Council of Zambia (ECZ) realign Civic Education assessments with the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) to enhance learner engagement, fairness, and performance.
Atangambuyu Silungwe, Bruce Hatimbula, Wilson Silungwe
The relationship among the concepts of professionalism, ethics and clickbait culture in academia is an important subject matter for systematic investigation. This relationship calls into question the delicate balance between upholding ethical standards in academia and the push to “publish or perish” among academics leading to the use of media tactics to reach a wider audience as the demand for accumulating citations has become one of the yardsticks that measure success. This paper is a systematic analysis that investigates the effects of clickbait culture on academic professionalism and the ethical dissemination of research, paying special attention to how clickbait is affecting the behavior of academics in the contemporary technologically perceptive world.
Dr. Dhani Ram Roy
This paper explores the cognitive parameters associated with job satisfaction among primary school teachers. Job satisfaction is a multidimensional construct influenced by various cognitive factors that shape teachers' perceptions, attitudes, and overall satisfaction in their professional roles. Understanding these cognitive parameters is crucial for enhancing teacher well-being, performance, and retention in the demanding educational context. The study employs a qualitative research design and documentary analysis to gather data. The findings suggest that several cognitive parameters significantly influence job satisfaction among primary school teachers. These parameters include cognitive evaluation, subject knowledge, instructional effectiveness, professional growth opportunities, cognitive comparisons, cognitive dissonance, cognitive appraisal. Teachers who possess strong cognitive abilities and feel competent in their skills tend to experience higher job satisfaction. The study highlights the need for educational policymakers and school administrators to consider the cognitive dimensions of job satisfaction when designing professional development programs, support structures, and policies aimed at enhancing the working conditions and job satisfaction of primary school teachers. By recognizing and addressing these cognitive parameters, educational institutions can promote a positive and supportive environment that fosters teacher satisfaction, engagement, and ultimately benefits student outcomes. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive understanding of the cognitive parameters associated with job satisfaction among primary school teachers. It offers insights into the complex interplay between cognitive factors and job satisfaction, shedding light on the unique experiences and challenges faced by teachers in different socio-cultural contexts. The findings can inform educational practices and policies to create supportive environments that prioritize teachers' cognitive well-being and job satisfaction.
Aondoakaa Lubem, Ebenezer Esidene Eneji, Enah Joy Egbaka
Marginalized communities often develop adaptive support systems to maintain wellbeing in environments characterized by stigma, legal restrictions, and limited institutional protection. In Nigeria, the Same-Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act has contributed to heightened social exclusion and barriers to healthcare for LGBTQ populations, particularly in rural areas. This study examines how community-based collective care initiatives support resilience, psychosocial wellbeing, and continuity of SRHR/HIV-related services among LGBTQ individuals in Calabar, Cross River State. Using a community-based case study design, the research documents crisis-response strategies implemented after the vandalism of a community center serving LGBTQ individuals. The intervention framework included peer-led psychosocial support, mutual aid mechanisms, safety protocol development, and participatory governance through a community-led crisis committee. Psychosocial outcomes were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) among participants (n = 50), while perceived social isolation was measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale among a subset of participants (n = 30) through pre- and post-intervention surveys. Results indicate improvements in psychosocial wellbeing and social connectedness, with anxiety symptoms decreasing by approximately 30% and loneliness scores declining by 40% following the intervention. These findings highlight the role of community-led collective care models in strengthening resilience and sustaining essential health services among marginalized populations in restrictive social environments. However, findings should be interpreted as exploratory due to the absence of a control group and reliance on descriptive statistical analysis.
Abumchukwu, A. A., Amaefuna, A. I., Awosika, O. F., Christian-Ike, N., David-Okoro, I. L, Ezeobi G. O., Nwankwo, M. C., Okonkwo, I. G., Osuafor, A. M., Samuel, N. N.
This study investigated cooking fuel preferences among women in rural and urban sectors of Imo State, Nigeria. The aim of the study is to assess the use of cooking stove by women in the urban and rural areas of Imo state and to use the data obtained to check the progress toward Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 in the state. Utilizing a survey research design, data were collected via questionnaires and oral interviews from 100 respondents, comprising of 50 women from World Bank Estate, Owerri (Urban) and 50 women from Ogbor Uvuru, Aboh Mbaise (Rural). The results indicated that in urban areas, 16% of respondents exclusively use Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), while 12% rely on kerosene. Conversely, rural areas show a heavy dependence on biomass, with 14% using firewood exclusively, 15% employing a firewood-kerosene mix and 3% exclusively used gas in the rural area. From the findings, while urban women are transitioning toward cleaner fuels, rural women remain tethered to solid fuels due to availability, finance and cultural perceptions. The study recommends intensified environmental education from women in science and policy interventions from concerned quarters to reduce indoor air pollution and curb deforestation.
Abhishek Kumar, Abhishek Prajapati, Abhishek Singh, Dr. Anand Prakash Srivastava, Laxmi, Ms.Sanjivani Sharma
Effective waste management is critical for environmental sustainability and public health. Traditional waste segregation methods rely heavily on manual sorting, which is time-consuming, error-prone, and hazardous for workers. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of three state-of-the-art deep learning architectures—ResNet-50, EfficientNet-B0, and VGG16—for automated waste classification. The models are trained to categorize waste into six primary classes: Cardboard, Glass, Metal, Paper, Plastic, and Trash. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that EfficientNet-B0 achieves the highest performance with a test accuracy of 96.8%, followed closely by ResNet-50 at 96.6% and VGG16 at 93.1%. EfficientNet-B0 also demonstrates superior training efficiency, reaching 95% accuracy in just 22 epochs compared to 25 epochs for ResNet-50 and 35 epochs for VGG16. The F1-scores across all waste categories range from 0.93 to 1.00 for EfficientNet-B0, indicating robust classification performance. This comparative study provides valuable insights for selecting appropriate deep learning architectures for real-world waste management applications in smart cities and recycling facilities.
Abdullah Al Himel, Faria Zahan Sarna, NHM Hassan Imam Chowdhury, SMM Jafor Imam Chowdhury
This study examines mobile banking trends in Bangladesh from January 2016 to April 2024 using statistical and time-series analysis to explore key patterns in the sector’s growth and transformation. The findings reveal steady expansion in the number of mobile banking agents, subscribers, transactions, and transaction values over the study period. Statistical techniques such as time-series decomposition, moving averages, and correlation analysis indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly accelerated the adoption of digital financial services. The results also highlight clear seasonal patterns, with notable spikes in transaction volumes during major cultural and religious events such as Eid, Pahela Boishakh, and Durga Puja. Correlation analysis demonstrates strong positive relationships among mobile banking agents, subscribers, transaction counts, and transaction values, suggesting that these metrics evolve in a closely interconnected manner. A comparative assessment of pre-COVID, COVID-19, and post-COVID periods shows a substantial increase in mobile banking activity during the pandemic, followed by a moderated but sustained growth trajectory in the post-pandemic phase. Moving average analysis further confirms the long-term upward trend in transaction volumes by smoothing short-term fluctuations. Overall, the findings indicate that mobile banking has become an essential component of Bangladesh’s financial ecosystem, with important implications for financial inclusion, digital financial services, and policy development.
Dr. Uday A. Deokate, Lalit Bhoye, Muskan Mulla, Pratiksha Kamble, Vaishnavi Punase
Rosuvastatin Calcium is a potent antihyperlipidemic drug belonging to the class of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors i.e statins. It acts by selectively inhibiting the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which is responsible for cholesterol synthesis which helps in increasing LDL clearance from blood. The present review focuses on the different Analytical Method Development of Rosuvastatin and QbD based approaches.
Dr. Kazeem Adewale Jimoh, Omehoma Ovuchi
This research looked at methods adopted as coping mechanisms for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among flood disaster victims in South-South Nigeria. This area comprises of six states, which is one of the regions most affected by flood. The study is guided by two objectives and related research questions which includes the PTSD indicators and the coping mechanisms among the flood victims. The research design utilizes survey method to collect primary data from the affected communities using questionnaire. The sample population is 1,063,732 from six most affected local government areas in each of the state. Sampling technique adopted is both purposive and random sampling with a sample size of 399, determined using Taro Yamane and participants selected across 30 communities. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in form of mean, percentages, and frequencies presented in tables. The findings revealed PTSD indicators such as anxiety, fear, nightmares, and physical symptoms like headaches and stomach pains, which is predominant among sampled communities, while coping strategies include prayer, seeking support from family and friends, accessing mental health care, and avoiding memories of the flood. The study concluded that flood victims experience significant psychological impacts, with diverse coping strategies. It recommends that government put in place funding, institutional framework and mental health professionals that will provide psychosocial support to the effected victims. This research underscores the importance of timely and comprehensive mental health interventions in post-disaster recovery efforts.
Chibunna Onyebuchi Onwubiko, J.U. Ihendinihu, Joseph U.B. Azubike
This study examined the effect of corporate reporting quality on business sustainability of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study used faithful representation, fair value report and accrual quality as independent variables to proxy reporting quality while community investment is the dependent variable for business sustainability. The population of the study is made of 55 manufacturing companies listed in the Nigeria Exchange Group (NGX) as at 2025. Samples of 11 listed manufacturing companies were selected for the study using convenience sampling method. Data were extracted from the financial statements of the selected manufacturing companies. The study spanned between the periods of 2014 to 2024. Unit root test was conducted, it was discovered that all the variables were integrated at levels and order (1), hence analysis was done using Panel Fully Modified Least Square (PFMLS) regression. The hypotheses were all tested, the findings revealed that faithful representation has a negative and insignificant effect on community investment, fair value report has a positive and significant effect on community investment, accrual quality has a positive and significant effect on community investment. The study concludes that faithful representation does not necessarily translate to business sustainability, rather businesses engage in social responsibility when there is enough funds to engage in it. Fair value and accrual quality influences social sustainability reporting. The study therefore recommends improvement of the companies’ financial reporting quality by strengthening the monitoring role of the top management team, that all assets and liabilities are priced at current value in order to influence the decision-making process of the managers towards community responsibility and complete disclosure of the firm’s value while utilizing accrual management.
Dr. Nandini C.P., Kamasani Sudhakar Reddy
The rapid digital transformation of businesses in India has amplified concerns regarding cybersecurity and corporate accountability. As corporations increasingly depend on digital infrastructure, cloud technologies, and data-driven operations, the risks of cyberattacks, data breaches, and unauthorized access have grown exponentially. Cybersecurity compliance has thus emerged as a crucial component of corporate governance and risk management. In India, the legal framework governing cybersecurity is primarily anchored in the Information Technology Act, 2000 and its subsequent amendments, along with the Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules, 2011. These laws impose obligations on corporate entities to ensure data protection, adopt secure systems, and report incidents of data compromise. However, the evolving cyber threat landscape and the rise of sophisticated attacks, such as ransomware and phishing, have revealed significant gaps in compliance enforcement and corporate preparedness. The recently enacted Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 further strengthens corporate duties by emphasizing consent-based data processing, data fiduciary responsibilities, and financial penalties for non-compliance. Corporate liability now extends beyond reputational harm to include administrative and criminal consequences under Indian law. This paper examines the interplay between cybersecurity compliance and corporate liability, analysing how organizations can integrate legal, technical, and ethical safeguards to achieve digital resilience. It argues that proactive compliance through risk assessment, employee training, and data governance frameworks is essential for mitigating liability and fostering consumer trust. Strengthening regulatory enforcement, promoting transparency, and encouraging cyber literacy among corporate actors are key to ensuring India’s secure digital future.
Aditya Gupta, Husain ul Hasan Khan
The transition from traditional, analog electrical power grids to advanced Smart Grids (SGs) represents one of the most significant and complex infrastructural evolutions of the twenty-first century. Often described as the next-generation power system, the smart grid is considered both a revolutionary and evolutionary regime that integrates advanced computing, distributed intelligence, sensing, and communication technologies into existing electrical infrastructure. This transformation fundamentally shifts the grid from a centralized, unidirectional power delivery mechanism into a highly distributed, bidirectional, and intelligent ecosystem. By establishing real-time data exchange between numerous intelligent grid elements, utility providers, and consumers, smart grids dramatically optimize energy efficiency, enable the seamless integration of renewable energy sources, and support advanced transactive energy systems and demand response programs.
Sabitri Dash, Subrat Kumar Rana
This paper examines the character and scale of tropical cyclone effects on paddy production and systematically evaluates the socio-economic and institutional factors of climate adaptation behaviour among small holder paddy farmers in Balasore district, Odisha- one of the most at risk cyclone landfall regions in India. The study used a quantitative and cross-sectional survey design, which resulted into 300 paddy farming households stratified multi-stage random sampling that was stratified into 12 administrative blocks. The SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 were used to analyse the data based on descriptive statistics, hierarchical multiple regression, one-way ANOVA, and covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) with maximum-likelihood estimation. The intensity of cyclones decreased average paddy production by 42.38 (SD = 18.76), and blocks with high exposure to coastlines registered a loss of 52.64. Practises of adaptation, namely the adoption of flood-tolerant varieties, adjusted sowing schedules, and diversification of crops, play a significant role with regards to mitigating the relationship between cyclone and yield loss (β = -.38, p <.001; interaction β = -.21, p <.001). The 68 percent of the variation in the production loss was jointly explained by socio-economic factors and institutional support. The structural model was found to fit well (CFI = .963; RMSEA = .041; SRMR = .048) and all the four hypothesised pathways were confirmed. The cross-sectional nature of the design does not allow causal inference. The results apply only to the Balasore district, but the experimented structural model can serve as a template to be reproduced in other cyclone prone coastal agricultural districts. It is the first district-level analysis to use CB-SEM to simulate cyclone intensity, adaptation determinants, recovery capacity, and resilience across the paddy farming system of Odisha that incorporates the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework with the technology adoption theory to produce policy implications.
Ganeshkumar.N, Ms. Sowmiya. S M. Sc, Rhenius Solomon, Sanjay.S, Shanmugasabarinathan.B
The rapid expansion of the digital underground has transformed the dark web into a critical sanctuary for cybercriminal activity, facilitating the illicit exchange of stolen credentials, leaked databases, and sensitive organizational intelligence. Traditional security frameworks often fail to monitor these hidden networks as they are not natively designed to navigate anonymous onion services. This research introduces the Dark Web Keyword Alert System (DWKAS), a proactive, open-source monitoring framework that automates the detection of data leaks using cost-effective tools. By integrating Tor-based anonymity with a Python-driven scanning engine, the system identifies high-risk indicators across four severity levels and delivers instantaneous alerts via the Telegram Bot API. The proposed architecture utilizes a secure SOCKS5h proxy to eliminate IP and DNS leakage, ensuring the operational safety of the investigator. Experimental validation across fifty live hidden services demonstrated a detection accuracy of 92% and a low alert latency of approximately 2.2 seconds, confirming the system's practical feasibility. Furthermore, this paper addresses the critical ethical and legal implications of dark web monitoring and proposes the future integration of Natural Language Processing (NLP) to transition from static keyword matching to context-aware threat intelligence. The result is a scalable, reproducible, and containerized solution that significantly reduces the window of exposure for organizations facing modern cyber threats.
Kevin Viswas M, Lathish J, Mr. B Sunil Kumar, Nazurulla G, Poojasree S
This work presents a deep learning–based framework for the automatic identification of oral cancer from clinical tongue images. The study utilizes a multi-class oral image dataset comprising healthy tongue samples along with pathological conditions such as oral cancer, leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, thrush, and hairy tongue. Images collected from both affected and non-affected individuals were used to train and evaluate the proposed model. A pre-trained DenseNet169 network was adopted as the backbone architecture and fine-tuned using transfer learning, with additional fully connected layers introduced to enhance class discrimination. To reduce overfitting and improve generalization, extensive image augmentation techniques were applied during training. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated through a comparative analysis with a classical LeNet-based convolutional network. Experimental results indicate that the DenseNet-based model achieved superior performance, recording an accuracy of 94.08%, precision of 94.16%, recall of 94.70%, and an F1-score of 94.70%. In contrast, the LeNet model produced significantly lower results, with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score values close to 64%. The findings emphasize the importance of appropriate model architecture selection, robust data preprocessing, and systematic evaluation in medical image classification tasks. Further optimization and large-scale validation could strengthen the applicability of the proposed system for real-time clinical oral cancer screening.
Dr. V. Radha, Maheswari Shanmugam
Integrating deep learning into athlete activity sensor systems offers transformative potential for understanding and enhancing human performance. By interpreting multidimensional time-series data from wearable sensors, these systems enable real-time monitoring, adaptive feedback, and data-driven decision-making across diverse athletic contexts. Signal preprocessing, feature extraction, and spatial-temporal modelling form the foundation for accurate pattern recognition, skill evaluation, and fatigue tracking. Convolutional and recurrent neural architectures contribute unique capabilities for handling localized and sequential dependencies, while hybrid models improve generalizability and resilience. Practical deployment involves harmonizing hardware design with software optimization, supported by robust model deployment strategies. Case studies demonstrate successful applications in elite training, rehabilitation, and fitness contexts, highlighting system scalability and personalization. Emerging directions emphasize privacy-aware federated learning and multimodal fusion for holistic performance assessment. Ethical concerns related to consent, data security, and algorithmic fairness remain critical to responsible innovation. As these technologies evolve, athlete monitoring systems become increasingly adaptive, collaborative, and human-centred. This chapter explores these innovations comprehensively, offering a detailed framework for future research and implementation.
Imaobong Okpongette Akpan
This study aimed to design, develop, and evaluate a low-cost portable carbon capture unit (PCCU-01) for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions at gas flare sites in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Five flare sites across Rivers, Bayelsa, Delta, Akwa Ibom, and Edo states were assessed for baseline emissions, including CO₂, CH₄, NOx, SO₂, and black carbon. The prototype was fabricated using locally available materials and tested under controlled laboratory and real-field conditions. Laboratory testing demonstrated a mean CO₂ capture efficiency of 75.2%, while field deployment across five flare sites achieved an average efficiency of 66.3%, with slight reductions attributable to environmental fluctuations and flare instability. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and regression modeling, confirmed significant differences among sites (p < 0.001) and identified flare volume and co-pollutant reductions as key predictors of CO₂ capture efficiency (R² = 0.83). The unit demonstrated substantial environmental benefits, reducing annual CO₂ emissions by ~66% and black carbon by 55% per site, while ensuring economic feasibility with a payback period of less than six months. These findings indicate that PCCU-01 is a viable, scalable, and cost-effective solution for emission mitigation in remote flare-prone regions.
Ayinla Suleiman
The global transition toward sustainable transportation has intensified the development of efficient and affordable electric vehicle (EV) propulsion systems. Among various electric motor technologies, the Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor has emerged as a preferred choice due to its high efficiency, high torque-to-weight ratio, and low maintenance requirements. However, the performance of BLDC motors in EV applications largely depends on the effectiveness of the motor speed controller responsible for regulating electrical power delivery. This study therefore designed and developed an efficient and cost-effective BLDC motor speed controller suitable for electric vehicle applications. The controller architecture integrates a microcontroller-based control unit, Hall-effect sensor feedback system, MOSFET three-phase inverter bridge, and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switching technique for speed regulation. The proposed system was modeled and simulated using PROTEUS software, followed by hardware implementation through the fabrication of a custom printed circuit board (PCB). Experimental testing was conducted using a 48 V BLDC motor under varying load conditions to evaluate speed regulation, efficiency, and switching performance. Simulation results indicated stable operation within a PWM switching range of 10–20 kHz with voltage ripple below 5%. Experimental results showed that the motor achieved a maximum speed of approximately 3000 RPM with a peak efficiency of 94% and maintained efficiency above 85% under load conditions. The findings demonstrate that the developed controller provides an efficient and cost-effective solution for electric vehicle propulsion systems.
Bayasani Shashank Reddy, Dhannarapu Aashritha, Gatla Vipul, K.Ravikanth, S.Mahesh
The growing requirements for integrated platforms of various communication types and customer interaction have increased the need for creatively designed and developed high-concurrent real-time communication (RTC) systems to merge disparate mobile/web environments providing integrative functions. By unifying high-speed message transmission, peer-to-peer audio/video calling, and social gaming as part of a large interconnected ecosystem, this RTC system will also reduce the fragmentation of communication software platforms. The real-time communication architecture includes Spring Boot and WebRTC as well as WebSockets as an alternative communication protocol that enables low-latency cross-device connectivity with real-time synchronization. The results of testing the prototype demonstrated less than 200 milliseconds of synchronization latency and a call stability rate of over 95%, indicating that the system will enable reliable connectivity between users using heterogeneous endpoints. The RTC system is positioned to create a "Super Application."
Aliyu Musa Bade, Amina Fantami Mala
Agriculture is a cornerstone of economic growth and food security in Nigeria, particularly in rural states such as Yobe where maize, groundnut, and millet are staple crops. Despite their importance, productivity is severely constrained by crop diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, and pests. These diseases account for significant yield losses, threatening farmers’ livelihoods and national food security. Traditional diagnostic methods are often slow, costly, and inaccessible to smallholder farmers, who also face challenges of misdiagnosis due to limited technical expertise and inadequate extension services. Consequently, there is a pressing need for affordable, reliable, and accessible diagnostic tools that can empower farmers to make informed decisions. This study addresses these challenges by designing and implementing a rule-based Expert System for diagnosing common diseases in maize, groundnut, and millet. The system integrates a knowledge base of symptoms and diagnostic rules with an inference engine capable of simulating expert reasoning. Using iterative prototyping, the system was developed, tested, and refined to ensure accuracy and usability. By guiding farmers through symptom-based questioning and providing timely recommendations for disease management, the system reduces dependency on scarce agricultural experts and enhances decision-making in rural communities. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to food security, digital agriculture, and the application of Artificial Intelligence in solving real-world agricultural problems. Beyond its practical utility for farmers, the project also demonstrates the academic relevance of expert systems in computer science, showcasing how knowledge-based reasoning can be applied to critical domains. Ultimately, the system provides a localized, accessible, and intelligent solution to crop disease diagnosis, supporting sustainable agricultural productivity and resilience in Nigeria’s farming communities.
Marjan Ilbeigi, Mohamed Alnejem, Roozbeh Salehi
Global warming, which is mostly caused by carbon emissions, is one of the most important issues the world is currently experiencing. As a result, reducing carbon dioxide emissions has emerged as one of the world's most pressing issues. To meet carbon reduction goals, low-carbon or zero-carbon building design is crucial. The building construction sector has been found to be one of the main sources of carbon emissions across all industries. This study's goal is to find architectural design solutions that lower energy use and carbon dioxide emissions. The necessary data was gathered from books and scholarly publications, and the study methodology is based on a descriptive-analytical approach. The results show that advancing toward zero-energy and zero-carbon buildings and incorporating their design concepts into architectural ideas is necessary to achieve energy consumption reduction. Therefore, in order to better safeguard the environment and prevent climate change, energy consumption levels, energy reduction techniques, and carbon dioxide emissions are taken into account throughout the early stages of design worldwide.
Joshua Raj Pitchemuthu, Mohd Hassan Abdullah
Authentic assessment has increasingly been recognised as an effective approach for evaluating complex learning outcomes in arts education, particularly in music education where learning is demonstrated through performance, creativity, and artistic interpretation. Despite its pedagogical relevance, many primary school teachers encounter difficulties implementing authentic assessment due to the absence of structured frameworks that guide systematic evaluation of musical performance and creative learning. This study aimed to develop and validate an authentic performance assessment framework for primary music education that supports the evaluation of musical creativity and performance-based learning. A Design and Development Research (DDR) approach was employed consisting of three phases: needs analysis, framework development, and expert validation. Survey data were collected from 130 primary school music teachers to examine current assessment practices and challenges. The proposed framework was subsequently validated using the Fuzzy Delphi Method with eight experts in music education and educational assessment. The results indicated strong expert consensus (97%) regarding the relevance and practicality of the framework. The validated model conceptualises authentic music assessment as an integrated cycle involving authentic musical tasks, multidimensional evaluation criteria, structured documentation tools, and reflective feedback mechanisms. The study contributes to music education scholarship by proposing a process-oriented framework that aligns assessment with the experiential and creative nature of musical learning. The framework provides practical guidance for teachers and offers policy implications for strengthening performance-based assessment in primary music education.
Imo Thomas Edet
This study presents the design, development, and pilot validation of a low-cost Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) prototype for real-time monitoring of soil and water quality parameters in selected communities of Akwa Ibom State. The system integrates multi-parameter soil and water sensors with an ESP32-based edge processing unit, LoRa long-range communication, and a cloud-based analytics platform for real-time visualization and alert generation. A 30-day pilot deployment was conducted across five communities to evaluate system performance and environmental conditions. Soil analysis revealed slightly acidic conditions (pH 5.1–5.9), moderate nitrogen deficiency, and localized potassium depletion. Water quality results showed spatial variation in turbidity (14-30 NTU), dissolved oxygen (4.3-6.2 mg/L), and conductivity (180-420 µS/cm), indicating potential anthropogenic influence in coastal and industrial zones. Validation against standard laboratory measurements (n = 60 paired samples per parameter) demonstrated strong agreement, with high correlation coefficients (r = 0.88-0.96, p < 0.001), low RMSE values, and acceptable Bland-Altman limits of agreement within defined sensor tolerances. A cost-benefit analysis showed an 83.5% reduction in 5-year lifecycle cost compared to conventional monitoring systems. The findings confirm that the proposed WSN provides a reliable, scalable, and economically sustainable solution for environmental monitoring and precision agriculture applications.
Bulus Simon, Mfon Okpu Esang, Utibe Peter Inyang
Financial fraud remains a significant threat to Nigeria’s rapidly expanding digital banking ecosystem, resulting in substantial financial losses, reduced customer trust, and systemic vulnerabilities. This study developed and experimentally validated a hybrid Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain-based cybersecurity framework designed to detect, prevent, and mitigate financial fraud in real time. A dataset comprising 52,480,000 anonymized digital banking transactions, including 146,520 confirmed fraudulent cases, was used for model development and validation. The AI engine integrated Extreme Gradient Boosting, Deep Neural Networks, and Long Short-Term Memory architectures to capture structured and sequential fraud patterns, while a permissioned blockchain layer ensured transaction immutability, transparency, and tamper resistance through distributed ledger validation and smart contracts. Experimental results demonstrated detection accuracy of 96.8%, recall of 94.1%, precision of 95.2%, and a false positive rate of 3.2%, significantly outperforming existing institutional systems (p < 0.001). The model achieved an AUC score of 0.981, indicating excellent discriminatory capability. Regression analysis identified transaction velocity, device-switch frequency, geolocation deviation, and blockchain hash mismatch as significant fraud predictors. Blockchain stress testing confirmed scalability up to 3,800 transactions per second with 100% tamper detection accuracy. The findings demonstrate that integrating AI-driven behavioral analytics with blockchain-based data integrity mechanisms produces a robust, scalable, and secure cybersecurity framework capable of substantially reducing fraud risk within Nigeria’s digital financial sector. The proposed framework offers a replicable model for emerging economies seeking technologically advanced and decentralized fraud mitigation strategies.
Huynh Thanh Banh, Thach Ngoc Phuc
Conventional lathes, while versatile, lack the capability to machine internal keyways, necessitating dedicated and costly equipment, a significant limitation for small- and medium-sized workshops. This study addresses this gap by developing a novel, mechanically integrated slotting attachment for conventional lathes. The research encompasses the systematic design, force-power analysis, fabrication, and experimental validation of the mechanism. The attachment, mounted on the lathe tool post, utilizes a crank-slider system driven by a stepper motor via an Arduino-based controller to generate a reciprocating cutting motion. Finite element analysis confirms the structural sufficiency of the critical ram shaft under operational loads. Machining experiments on aluminum and carbon steel C35 specimens demonstrate the attachment's practical efficacy, producing internal keyways with high dimensional accuracy (deviations within 0.03 mm for width and 0.05 mm for depth). The results prove that the proposed integration successfully extends lathe functionality, offering a cost-effective, space-saving, and precise solution for internal keyway machining. This work provides a validated design framework for enhancing the versatility of traditional machine tools in resource-constrained manufacturing environments. Moreover, the results prove that the proposed integration successfully extends lathe functionality, offering a cost-effective, repeatable, and precise solution for internal keyway machining.
Anthony C. Cabrillas
A PCB-based BJT-FET Circuit Card and Small Signal Analysis of BJT Circuit Card were designed, developed, and evaluated in this study consisting of three instructional modules: Module 7 (BJT Circuit Card/BC Card), Module 8 (Small Signal Analysis of BJT Circuit Card/SABC Card), and Module 9 (FET Circuits Card/FC card). Pertaining to Objective 2, the module provides a BJT Circuit Card using an integrated PCB design that clearly identifies network paths for biasing signals, hardware test points and utilities, as well as test point access directly with respect to schematic alignment more easily translatable for students. To address Objective 2, validation of the developed PCB modules was achieved by comparing the electrical performance against design specifications and criteria. The results of DC biasing confirmed stable operating points suitable for instructing a transistor at the input (CE bias values: VB = 0.69 V, VC = 5.92 Volt near mid-supply), tracking behavior on common collector level crossing (VE = 5.95 Volt, VB = 6.66 Volt), and common base stability (VC = 6.05 Volt). At this point, I verified expected behavior dependent on configuration through small-signal testing where measured gains were Av = −39.0 Common Emitter with 180° phase inversion (in-phase follower), Av = 0.90 for Common Collector (follower behavior again) and Av = 29.5 for Common Base (follower in-phase). Device configurations of FET module, CS, CD and CG measurements were also stable (VG ≈ 2.48 V; VS ≈ 1.44–2.32 V; VD ≈ 5.85–5.90 mV) thus confirming that reliable amplification and follower properties performance could be demonstrated with the module developed here. As per Objective 3, usability in terms of functionality was assessed through a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)-based survey for 35 students who displayed very high acceptance across the constructs (PU = 4.62, PEOU = 4.55, BI = 4.58, US = 4.60; mean overall = 4.59). The instrument was good-to-excellent reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.88–0.93) and one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences among construct means (F = 1.10, p = 0.35) with a small effect size (η² = 0.024), confirming balanced uniform usability perceptions. Explaining, data in comparison to other considerations, the performance and design negotiation result are considered very permissible for the long laboratory aggregation with sector able skills training of all devised circuit cards.
Eduediuyai Dan, Mfon Okpu Esang
This study developed and evaluated a federated learning-based artificial intelligence framework for privacy-preserving medical imaging diagnostics in two low-resource healthcare facilities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The objective was to improve diagnostic accuracy, operational efficiency, and patient data protection without centralizing sensitive medical information. A total of 3,395 chest X-ray and ultrasound images were collected and used to train lightweight convolutional neural networks under a federated learning protocol employing encrypted model aggregation and differential privacy mechanisms. Performance was benchmarked against manual diagnosis and centralized deep learning models. The federated global model achieved 91.6% diagnostic accuracy, representing a statistically significant improvement over baseline manual diagnosis (73.8%, p < 0.001). Diagnostic time was reduced by 75%, and energy consumption decreased by 37.5%. Privacy leakage simulations demonstrated substantial protection under ε-differential privacy constraints. Robustness testing confirmed stable performance under low-bandwidth conditions. Economic evaluation indicated a favorable return on investment within the first operational year. The findings demonstrate that federated AI frameworks can deliver clinically meaningful improvements while maintaining regulatory compliance and data sovereignty in resource-constrained healthcare environments. The study provides a scalable roadmap for secure AI-enabled diagnostics in developing regions.
Jose Baltero III
In the 21st century, the push for technological innovation has fundamentally changed how organizations function. We are seeing a massive shift where systems that once depended on slow, manual steps are being replaced by automated, intelligent platforms. These modern setups don't just store data; they use real-time analytics to make decisions and predict future needs. At the heart of this change is the Internet of Things (IoT). By linking physical objects through a web of sensors and smart devices, IoT creates a constant stream of data that can be processed and analyzed on the fly. This has given managers a level of visibility and efficiency that was impossible a decade ago, particularly in fields like manufacturing, healthcare, and education (Mashayekhy et al., 2022; Al-Emran, Malik & Al-Kabi, 2022).
Awoyinka Gbenga, Ayodeji Temitope Ajibade, Folajimi Festus Adegbie
A stable financial sector efficiently allocates resources, manage financial risks and supports productive sectors of the economy for growth and development. Despite the contribution of the financial sector to the growth of the economy, deposit money banks are faced with declining capital adequacy ratio, asset quality ratio, management capacity ratio, earnings ratio and liquidity ratio. Extant literature showed that full integration of diversification into the bank operation can ensure effective financial survival. Several studies had examined how diversification affect financial survival but a few focused on income, asset and fund as proxies of diversification. This study examined the effect of diversification on financial survival of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study adopted ex-post facto research design. The population of the study comprised all the 19 authorised deposit money banks by Central Bank of Nigeria as at December 2023. Purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 15 authorised deposit money banks with the relevant data extracted from audited annual reports and accounts of the sampled banks for a period of 16 years (2008-2023). Reliability of data was premised on the certification of regulatory authorities and auditors. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential (multiple linear regression) statistics at 5% level of significance. The result showed that diversification measures had joint significant effect on management capacity (Adj. R2 = 0.06, F (5, 234) = 28.71, p < 0.05), bank earnings (Adj. R2 = 0.03, F (5, 234) =4.17, p < 0.05 of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study concluded that diversification supports the financial survival of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study recommended that the management of deposit money banks should strengthen the implementation of income, asset and fund diversification to drive financial survival.
Adelina Ebun, Shafawati Farhana Mohd Safihie
Recent assessment reforms in higher education have increasingly emphasised the need to strengthen academic standards, consistency and accountability in the evaluation of student performance. One such reform is the implementation of dual-pass assessment policies, which require students to achieve a minimum passing standard in both ongoing assessment and final examinations. Despite their growing adoption, empirical evidence on how such policies influence student performance, particularly in accounting education, remains limited. This study aims to examine whether student performance differs following the introduction of a dual-pass assessment policy in core accounting courses. The study focuses on two introductory accounting courses, FAR110 and FAR160, at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sabah Branch, where the policy was implemented in the March–August 2025 semester. A quantitative quasi-experimental before–after design was employed. Student performance data were obtained from institutional academic records and included ongoing assessment marks, final examination scores, overall course results and pass–fail outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise performance before and after the policy implementation, while inferential analyses, including independent samples t-tests and chi-square tests, were conducted to determine the statistical significance of observed differences. The findings indicate that student performance improved following the implementation of the dual-pass policy. Students assessed after the policy recorded higher mean scores and a substantially higher course pass rate. A statistically significant association was also found between assessment policy status and pass outcomes. Analysis of failure patterns further showed an increase in students passing both assessment components and a reduction in failures involving both components. Overall, the findings suggest that the dual-pass assessment policy may promote more balanced engagement with continuous and summative assessment, supporting improved attainment of minimum competence in accounting courses.
Rajib Bhattacharya
In October 2025, Argentina secured a USD 20 billion bilateral currency-swap arrangement with the United States at a moment of escalating macroeconomic stress. The country faced one of the highest inflation rates in the world, declining foreign exchange reserves, and deteriorating investor confidence. The swap facility was designed to provide temporary access to dollar liquidity, potentially stabilizing the Argentine peso and easing pressure on the country’s balance of payments. This case examines the economic context that led to the agreement, the mechanics of the swap arrangement, and the policy dilemmas confronting Argentina’s economic leadership. Although the swap line offered short-term financial relief, it did not address deeper structural weaknesses in fiscal policy, institutional credibility, and monetary governance. The case places readers in the position of Argentine policymakers who must determine whether to rely on external liquidity support, seek multilateral assistance, or pursue politically difficult domestic reforms. Through this decision framework, the case highlights broader issues in international macroeconomics, including financial crisis management in emerging markets, the role of central bank cooperation in the global financial system, and the political economy constraints shaping stabilization policy.
Augustine Ben OKOUBULU, Oghenemaro Geraldine EDUVIERE, Okiemute Dickson OFUYEKPONE, Yaabari NAENWI
The paper presents a MATLAB model based analysis and evaluation framework of the dynamic losses of HVAC and the HVDC systems in high-penetration integration of renewable power. In comparison to the conventional research, in which the conditions are assumed to remain constant or even nominal, this paper tackles the challenge of time-varying renewable generation, like PV and wind variability, and the impact of the renewable penetration level (20 to 80 percent) to the transmission loss. The MATLAB simulations represent the line and transformer losses of HVAC and HVDC line and converter losses in a 300km corridor, which carries 1000 MW base load. The significant results have revealed that the average losses experienced by the HVDC (25 MW-20 % penetrations to 17 MW-80 % penetration) HVDC systems consistently exhibited lower losses compared with HVAC systems across all penetration levels. HVAC losses (HVAC losses changes up to 53MW and 24MW at 20% and 80% penetrations) Loss variability in HVAC systems was approximately 52% higher than in HVDC systems. The study also identifies regions of operational desirability of HVDC and has provided loss composition, density heatmaps, crossover points, dynamic disturbance responses and this gives good guidance in regard to planning transmission according to prevalence of renewable. The outcomes of this study prove the efficiency, stability, and scalability of high renewable integration conditions of HVDC corridors at a greater level.
Gulshan Kumar, Rutika, Vinod Kumar, Vinod Sharma
Natural farming systems emphasize the use of indigenous microbial formulations to improve soil health and crop productivity while minimizing chemical inputs. Ghanajeevamrit, a solid formulation derived from cow and buffalo dungs, is increasingly promoted as a sustainable organic input in natural farming practices. The present study evaluates the production process and economic feasibility of manufacturing dry Ghanajeevamrit using locally available resources. Primary production data were collected from a pilot-scale unit operating under community extension activities. The analysis revealed that the total production cost for 300 kg of dry Ghanajeevamrit was ₹13,000, whereas the estimated market value was ₹15,000, resulting in a net profit of ₹2,000 per production cycle. Raw material costs accounted for a significant proportion of the expenditure, while packaging and labeling constituted the highest operational cost component. The results demonstrate that small-scale Ghanajeevamrit production can serve as a viable rural enterprise while promoting sustainable agriculture and reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers. The findings support the integration of bio-inputs in Rain-fed and Dry Land Agro-ecosystem in North western Himalayan Regions for improved soil fertility and environmental sustainability.
Abubakar A., Akintokun O. A., Bolarinwa, O. T., Ogungbile, D. O., Oluwatuberu, A. O.
This study investigated the effects of ChatGPT on the academic performance, attitudes, and perceptions of students studying thermodynamics at the Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control group measurements was adopted. One hundred and twenty NCE III students were selected using purposive sampling, with half assigned to the experimental group and the rest to the control group. The experimental group was taught using ChatGPT, and the control group was taught using traditional pedagogical methods. Three data collection tools were used: The Thermodynamics Achievement Test (TAT), the Attitude Towards ChatGPT Usage Questionnaire (ATCUQ), and the Perceived Effectiveness of ChatGPT Questionnaire (PECQ). Then the data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results showed that students maintained a positive attitude toward using ChatGPT, as they felt it was an entertaining, confidence-boosting, and efficient learning tool. The perception metrics also showed that most participants considered ChatGPT a supportive, interactive, and interesting platform that supplements learning and academic achievement in thermodynamics. There was no significant difference in pre-test scores between the groups (p = 0.834, p > 0.05), indicating baseline equivalence. On the other hand, a statistically significant difference was observed in the post-test gain score (p = 0.000, p<0.05), with the experimental group (34.00) scoring higher than the control group (26.10). The study concludes that integrating ChatGPT into chemistry education has a significant positive effect on students' understanding and achievement in thermodynamics. It was suggested that AI-driven tools should be integrated into science education, alongside teacher training and improved digital infrastructure.
Eluro, David Chukwudi, Okwuise, U.Y. Phd, Professor Orishede F
The study examined the effect of Human Resource Development (HRD) on employee performance among teaching staff of universities in Delta State, Nigeria. Three (3) research questions were raised for the study and three hypotheses were postulated. The population comprised of all teaching staff in universities in Delta state, Nigeria. The sample was taken from two universities in the State. Purposive sampling was utilized to select teaching staff of selected universities. The study adopted the survey research design and a structured questionnaire was used to elicit responses from the respondents. The reliability of the instrument was established using Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient method, validated through face validation by course lecturers and three Business management department lecturers. Data were analyzed using descriptive-analytical method based on one regression model. Training and Development (TD), Career Development (CD) and Organizational Development (OD) served as proxies for Human Resource Development (HRD) strategies. The result indicated that Human Resources Development (HRD) constructs have positive effects on employee performance. The study concludes that Training and Development (TD), Career Development (CD) and Organizational Development (OD) are vital to employee performance. Furthermore, this study recommends that the decision makers of universities should strive to develop HRD strategies which will enable them to improve employee performance and enhance the capability of the employees to achieve desired goals and objectives of the organization.This study contributed through the provision of empirical proof showing the effect of human resource development on employee performance of teaching staff of universities in Delta State.
Dr. Rajeshwari Sisodia, Ms. Arti Shukla
This study used data from a sample of 200 university students in India to assess how well their sleep quality was correlated with their performance academically as measured by CGPA scores. The research used both the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the participants' own reports of their grades to determine this correlation. The results were that a large proportion of participants had poor sleep quality (approximately 73.5% of the participants and an average score on the PSQI of 6.13), and that there were no significant gender, year in school, or academic stream-related differences found for this variable. However, it was found that there was a strong negative correlation between the sleep quality of the participants and their CGPA scores (r = - .763; p < .01), and that poor sleep quality also significantly predicted lower CGPA scores when controlling for other variables in a regression analysis (beta = - .477; r-squared = .582) (i.e., good sleepers averaged 6.45 while poor sleepers averaged 4.65). These findings are consistent with those reported in previous studies conducted with samples of Indian students who were experiencing similar levels of academic stress (Ranjan et al., 2022; Joshi et al., 2018). These researchers advocate for implementing sleep education and hygiene programs at the universities, restructuring the way the academic day is structured, and implementing the National Education Policy of 2020 in order to improve academic outcomes for students.
Adejoro, Samuel Oluwaseun, Adene, Ibidun Comfort, Olaleye, Titilope Toyin
The study investigates the effects of Blighia sapida (ackee) seed powder on the health and gene expression of juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. It aims to assess the toxicity of Blighia sapida (ackee) seeds which contains toxic bioactive compounds, notably hypoglycin A and hypoglycin B, which are known to disrupt metabolic processes in vertebrates. However, information on their molecular effects in aquatic organisms is limited. Juvenile C. gariepinus were exposed to varying concentrations (0.0, 30.0, 31.6, 33.3, 35.0, 36.6 mg/L) of the seed powder for 96 hours. The exposure of juvenile C. gariepinus to Blighia sapida seed powder induces significant stress behaviours such as erratic swimming, loss of reflex, air-gulping, and barbel deformation, which worsened with increasing concentrations. After exposure, Liver tissues were harvested for RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Results revealed significant upregulation of TNF-α and IL-1β gene expression in treated groups compared to the control, indicating dose-dependent inflammatory and stress responses. This aligns with previous findings that Blighia sapida phytochemicals can influence gene regulation, immunity, and metabolism which may compromise fish health and productivity in aquaculture systems. Hence, Blighia sapida seed should be avoided in close proximity to fish ponds and aquaculture environments.
Edson S. Sagbigsal
Interactive Simulation-Based Biology Learning Using PHET has become an effective learning approach and a catalyst for improved educational outcomes. This study examined the effects of interactive simulation-based Biology learning using PHET on the academic performance of Grade 10 students. The study was conducted at Lawa National High School during the third quarter of the 2019–2020 school year. A quasi-experimental research design was employed, with complete enumeration used to identify all respondents. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, t-test and Cohen’s d formula. Results showed that both groups initially obtained a rating of “did not meet expectations” in the pre-test. In the post-test, students taught without PHET simulations achieved a “very satisfactory” rating, while students taught with PHET simulations achieved an “outstanding” rating. There was no significant difference between the pre-test scores of the two groups; however, a significant difference was observed in the post-test scores, with the experimental group demonstrating a higher mean gain score. Further, results revealed a moderate to large effect size indicating that PhET Interactive Simulations had a meaningful impact on students’ learning. These findings suggest that interactive simulation-based Biology learning using PHET enhances students’ learning outcomes. Consequently, the Department of Education may consider integrating PHET simulations into the curriculum as a strategic tool to enrich Biology instruction, promote active and inquiry-based learning, and support the development of conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills among students.
Dr Shivani Gupta (PT)*
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurones, which results in progressive muscle weakness, functional decline, and ultimately respiratory failure. There is presently no cure for ALS; however, rehabilitation strategies have been investigated to enhance functional capacity and quality of life in affected individuals. Objective: The objective of this narrative review is to evaluate the effectiveness of different exercise interventions and determine which forms of exercise are beneficial across the stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Method: Articles were sourced from online databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 Statement guidelines. All studies included in the review were randomised, controlled trials evaluating physiotherapy-based exercise programs, including aerobics, resistance, stretching, endurance, strengthening, and balance exercises. They were reviewed. Findings from the included studies were synthesised narratively to identify trends in exercise prescription and clinical outcomes. Result: 30 articles were found; out of these, six randomised controlled trials examining interventions in individuals with ALS were included. The PEDro assessment indicated that the included studies demonstrated moderate methodological quality. Overall, moderate-intensity exercise programmes were reported as safe and beneficial for maintaining physical function, respiratory capacity, and quality of life in individuals with ALS. Conclusion: Although ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, evidence suggests that appropriately prescribed physiotherapy interventions may help maintain functional ability and improve quality of life. Moderate-intensity exercise appears to be beneficial across different stages of the disease when carefully monitored. However, larger randomized controlled trials are required to establish Standardised exercise guidelines should be established to determine the long-term safety and effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions in ALS.
Ajayi T. A., Akinyemi O., Faweya O.
Efficiency refer to how well a sampling method extracts info from a population relative to effort /cost and method is efficient if it gives precise estimate with a small sample. Estimator is efficient if it has a low variance. This research focused on the efficiency of probability proportional to size sampling scheme estimators. Probability proportional to size with replacement, Hansen-Hurwitz estimator and Probability proportional to size without replacement, Rao-Hartley-Cochran estimator were compared in terms of estimation and efficiency. The empirical comparison of the population total, minimum variance and relative efficiency were used in assessing the efficiency. Probability proportional to size with replacement, (Hansen-Hurwitz) estimator had the higher population total estimate for some years indicating that population total differed by year. Probability proportional to size sampling without replacement estimator, (Rao–Hartley–Cochran) estimator thus had a smaller variance, hence more efficient performed better than the conventional Hansen–Hurwitz estimator in terms of variance reduction.
Akshat Shukla, Priyanshu Rajput
This paper grew out of something we stumbled on while running a fairly routine software development setup at a real company. We had two coding agents working in parallel on a web app: one was writing backend logic, the other was handling UI research. Neither was given any instruction or tooling to spawn new agents. There was no orchestration layer, no agent registry, nothing of the sort. Yet both of them, working independently, created brand-new agent processes to handle frontend tasks that were piling up. The children ran in their own processes, had their own prompts, and kept working even after we killed the parents. We named this behavior Latent Constructive Spawning (LCS) and placed it within a larger category we call Emergent Reproductive Agent Behavior (ERAB). We make five contributions: first, a working definition with six strict criteria for what counts as autonomous spawning, verified against process-tree forensics; second, a four-class taxonomy separating LCS from orchestrated delegation, prompted self-copying, and survival-driven replication; third, four falsifiable hypotheses about when and why it happens; fourth, ERAB Bench, a ten-metric protocol for measuring it; and fifth, a 16-run controlled pilot across two anonymized model families. Spawning appeared in 5 out of 8 runs when task load was high and shell access was available. It appeared in zero runs when either condition was missing (p = 0.044, Fisher's exact test, one-sided). We acknowledge the small sample size and treat these as preliminary findings that warrant larger-scale replication. Process trees, prompt files, and post-parent persistence logs are included. The practical concern: this kind of agent self-organization can plausibly happen in coding-agent setups where the agent has a terminal, a filesystem, and enough unfinished work, though replication across additional model families, domains, and environments is needed before any general claims are warranted.
Boris Kotey Sasraku-Neequaye, Lynda Dede Graham
Purpose – This paper critically examines emerging trends in hospitality management, focusing on technological innovation, sustainability, experience personalization, and workforce transformation. It synthesizes recent scholarly literature to identify how these trends shape operational strategies, service delivery, and competitive advantage in contemporary hospitality. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic literature review was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald Insight, and ScienceDirect databases. Articles published between 2010 and 2025 were included. A total of 152 peer-reviewed studies were analyzed thematically to identify recurring trends, strategic implications, and future directions. Findings – Key trends include digital and smart technologies, sustainable and green operations, personalized customer experiences, wellness and health-focused services, workforce upskilling, and resilience strategies. Integration of these trends enhances operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, brand differentiation, and organizational sustainability. Research limitations/implications – The study focuses on English-language publications and may not capture regional variations. Future research should include empirical testing of trend adoption impacts across diverse hospitality segments. Practical implications – Hospitality managers must proactively adopt emerging technologies, implement sustainability practices, upskill employees, and develop strategies for dynamic customer engagement to maintain competitiveness. Originality/value – The study consolidates fragmented literature on hospitality trends into a unified framework linking emerging practices with operational, experiential, and strategic outcomes.
Dr. Siraj Basha R., Pramila R. Patil
Homestay has emerged as an important component of rural and experiential tourism in Madikeri, attracting domestic and international visitors seeking personalized hospitality and cultural experiences. Unlike conventional hotel establishments, homestays rely heavily on direct host–guest interactions, making employee engagement a critical determinant of service delivery and guest satisfaction, the level of commitment, motivation, and involvement of employees plays a significant role in maintaining high standards of service quality. The Researcher examines the relationship between employee engagement and service quality in selected homestays in Madikeri. The research aims to assess the level of employee engagement among homestay employees and hosts, evaluate the perceived service quality offered to guests, and analyze the impact of employee engagement on service quality outcomes. Employee engagement is conceptualized through dimensions such as vigor, dedication, and absorption, while service quality is assessed using the SERVQUAL framework, which includes tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. A quantitative research design is adopted for the study. Primary data are collected from employees working in selected homestays through a structured questionnaire using a Likert scale. The collected data are analyzed using statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation, and regression through IBM SPSS Statistics, while structural relationships between variables are examined using IBM SPSS Amos. The findings of the study are expected to demonstrate a positive and significant relationship between employee engagement and service quality in homestays. Higher levels of employee engagement contribute to improved responsiveness, personalized attention, and consistent service delivery, thereby enhancing guest satisfaction and the overall tourism experience. The study offers valuable insights for homestay owners, tourism practitioners, and policymakers to develop effective employee engagement practices that enhance service quality and support sustainable tourism development in Madikeri.
Kimenyi Butera John Bosco, Yonggang Chi
Facial attribute analysis is a critical technology for security, human-computer interaction, and public health. However, conventional models that perform tasks like age, gender, and race estimation independently are computationally inefficient and struggle with real-world challenges, particularly facial occlusions such as face masks. This paper proposes an enhanced Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) to address these limitations by simultaneously predicting age, gender, race, and mask presence from a single input image. Our architecture employs a shared ResNet-50 backbone for feature extraction, enhanced with a dedicated attention mechanism to improve robustness against occlusions by focusing on the most relevant facial regions. Task-specific heads with dropout and batch normalisation were integrated to ensure strong generalisation. The model was rigorously evaluated using a comprehensive set of regression and classification metrics. Results demonstrate that our multi-task framework significantly outperforms traditional single-task models, achieving a mask detection accuracy above 95%, a gender classification accuracy exceeding 91%, a race classification accuracy of over 86%, and an age estimation error (MAE) below 6 years. This study confirms that integrating multi-task learning with an occlusion–aware attention mechanism creates a more efficient, accurate, and robust system for facial analysis. The proposed model shows strong potential for deployment in real-world applications where reliability in the presence of occlusions is essential.
Boris Kotey Sasraku-Neequaye, Lynda Dede Graham
Purpose: Customer satisfaction remains a central determinant of competitiveness and sustainability in hospitality operations. Despite extensive scholarly attention, fragmented findings across service quality, technology adoption, employee engagement, and experience management have limited the development of a comprehensive operational framework. This paper systematically reviews contemporary literature to identify key drivers of customer satisfaction in hospitality operations and proposes an integrated strategic framework to enhance service performance. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review methodology was adopted. Peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2025 were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald Insight, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. A total of 162 articles were screened, and 84 high-quality empirical and conceptual studies were analyzed using thematic synthesis. The review integrates dominant theoretical perspectives including SERVQUAL, Expectation–Confirmation Theory (ECT), the Kano Model, Relationship Marketing Theory, and Service-Dominant Logic. Findings: Findings indicate that customer satisfaction in hospitality operations is influenced by five interconnected domains: (1) service quality dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy); (2) employee engagement and service climate; (3) technology-enabled personalization; (4) service recovery effectiveness; and (5) experiential and emotional value co-creation. Digital transformation and sustainability initiatives increasingly shape satisfaction perceptions. The study proposes a Customer Satisfaction Enhancement Framework (CSEF) integrating operational, relational, and experiential dimensions. Practical implications: Hospitality managers should adopt an integrated approach that aligns employee training, digital innovation, service recovery systems, and experience design strategies. Continuous measurement systems, supported by data analytics and CRM technologies, are critical. Originality/value: This study synthesizes dispersed literature into a unified operational framework and extends customer satisfaction research by integrating digital transformation and sustainability perspectives within hospitality operations.
Dr. Nagaraju Inti
We propose a new system aimed at improving high school educators’ self-efficacy by refining their cognitive handling of formative assessment data with tools aligned to Cognitive Load Theory (CLT). Traditional evaluation frameworks frequently burden educators with unnecessary cognitive tasks, shifting focus away from the improvement of teaching practices. The proposed framework bridges this gap by introducing three essential elements: a simplified data visualization engine converting intricate assessment data into understandable dashboards, alongside a module prioritizing contextually relevant metrics that employs attention mechanisms to rank pedagogical importance, and built-in instructional prompts producing actionable recommendations derived from established heuristics. The system merges effortlessly with current workflows and substitutes manual data analysis with automated, intellectually streamlined procedures. Moreover, empirical validation focuses on measuring improvements in teacher self-efficacy and reductions in cognitive load during data-analysis tasks. The microservices architecture guarantees scalability and low-latency performance, whereas the focus on CLT principles sets this method apart from conventional formative assessment tools. Our contributions are centered on explicitly modeling and reducing teachers’ cognitive load, thus supporting more effective instructional decision-making. The results suggest potential for widespread adoption in high school settings, where teacher self-efficacy is critical for student success.
Dr. Anu R. Chandran, Ms. Jayalekshmi S. R, Ms. Sumi S. S
Entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in fostering economic growth, innovation, and employment generation. However, the sustainability of entrepreneurial ventures largely depends on the managerial competencies possessed by entrepreneurs. This study examines the relationship between entrepreneurial activities, managerial competencies, and sustainable business development. The research adopts an empirical approach by analyzing the managerial skills, strategic decision-making ability, financial management practices, and leadership qualities of entrepreneurs. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires from entrepreneurs operating in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The findings indicate that managerial competencies significantly influence the long-term sustainability and growth of business enterprises. Competencies such as strategic planning, financial management, leadership, and adaptability are identified as critical factors contributing to business resilience and sustainable development. The study emphasizes the importance of enhancing managerial capabilities among entrepreneurs through training, policy support, and institutional frameworks. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and entrepreneurs in strengthening entrepreneurship ecosystems and promoting sustainable business practices.
Gopinath Ruidas
Thus, it is essential to ensure that everyone has affordable access to the internet. In nations with developing economies, it has emerged as a key focus to reduce poverty by enhancing access to ICT. Simultaneously, remarkable expansion in the utilization of ICT devices and services, quicker transformation of technology and constant advancements in the ICT field have presented the world with a risk of decline in environmental quality and human well-being due to the disposal of electronic and electrical devices, which include dangerous elements, are still managed in an in a way that is harmful to the environment, primarily in developing countries. It represents a significant challenge for the countries to manage e-waste responsibly and safeguard the environment. Global management alongside Indian practices, taking into account the current regulations and rules. A significant portion of e-waste recycling is managed by informal sector lacking awareness regarding the effects of exposure to dangerous materials. To tackle the challenge of e-waste management in an environmentally friendly manner, the idea of EPR (extended producer responsibility) will be beneficial provided the regulations include supervision and sanction provisions. The repurposing of EEE has significant environmental and social benefits. Advantages compared to recycling since it extends the lifespan of the ICT devices and allows increased resource efficiency and energy effectiveness. In emerging countries, it can assist in enhancing the position of the informal sector through education and job opportunities. Alongside the technical, social, and organizational elements of EEE waste management system; it is also important to take into account the financial factors, if the system must be financially feasible and sustainable while also being socially acceptable.
Sapan C. Anne
Geothermal energy presents a promising pathway for sustainable development, offering low-carbon electricity generation and economic growth. However, its expansion raises critical environmental and social concerns that must be systematically addressed. This study evaluates the impacts of geothermal development on vegetation dynamics, water quality, and community well-being, with a focus on ecologically sensitive and culturally significant landscapes. Environmental risks include land degradation, contamination of surface and groundwater by geothermal fluids, air emissions such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and disruption of wildlife habitats. Social challenges encompass land acquisition conflicts, displacement of pastoralist communities, erosion of cultural heritage, and inequitable distribution of benefits. Through an integrated assessment framework combining remote sensing, hydro-geochemical analysis, and stakeholder engagement, the research aims to inform mitigation strategies and enhance inclusive planning. The findings underscore the need for robust Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIAs), participatory governance, and adaptive monitoring systems to ensure that geothermal development aligns with conservation goals and community resilience.
Ejimofor Chinenye Cynthia, Hassan-Haruna Ojima, Wale-Odunaiya Enitan Grace
Poverty and hunger remain critical global challenges, undermining sustainable development and human capital. This study synthesizes existing literature to examine the extent and impact of these issues, assess the effectiveness of current policies and innovations, and evaluate the role of technology in promoting food security and poverty reduction. Employing a qualitative and secondary data analysis approach, drawing from institutional reports and academic research, the study highlights the multidimensional nature of poverty and hunger, their profound impact on productivity and economic growth, and the central role of agriculture and social protection systems. Key findings underscore the transformative potential of technological and social innovations, while also identifying critical policy and implementation gaps. The Capability Approach provides a theoretical lens, emphasizing the expansion of individual freedoms beyond mere income. Recommendations include comprehensive policy reforms, increased investment in agricultural innovation, strengthened social protection, and fostering international partnerships. This article advocates for integrated, evidence-based interventions to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of no poverty and zero hunger by 2030. To strengthen the study, incorporating case-based evidence from diverse regions would provide practical grounding and enhance applicability. A mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative synthesis with quantitative indicators, could enrich the analysis and appeal to a wider academic audience.
Dr. Nidhin Johny, Mr. Abhishek P J
This study examines the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and financial performance within the Indian port infrastructure sector. The research primarily focuses on JSW Infrastructure Ltd. as a case study, while also incorporating a sector-wise comparison of major industry players to enhance the robustness of the findings. Secondary data on ESG risk scores were obtained from Sustainalytics, and financial performance was evaluated using profitability, efficiency, and valuation ratios derived from company annual reports over a five-year period. To analyze the relationship, correlation and regression techniques were applied, considering ESG risk score as the independent variable and net profit as the key financial indicator. The results from the firm-level analysis reveal a moderate negative relationship between ESG risk and profitability, indicating that improved ESG performance is associated with stronger financial outcomes. However, the relatively low explanatory power of the regression model suggests that ESG performance is influenced by multiple operational and strategic factors. The sector-wise analysis further supports these findings, demonstrating that companies with lower ESG risk scores tend to exhibit stronger financial performance. The consistency between firm-level and sector-level results reinforces the argument that effective ESG risk management contributes to enhanced financial stability, operational efficiency, and investor confidence. The study concludes that ESG and financial performance are interlinked and mutually reinforcing, particularly in capital-intensive industries. It highlights the importance of integrating sustainability practices into core business strategies to achieve long-term value creation and competitive advantage.
Apgrant F. Cagoco
Local government units (LGUs) are entrusted with managing public funds and resources efficiently, transparently, and in accordance with regulations. Effective treasury operations depend on strong internal control systems, which are formally mandated in public institutions to enhance financial discipline, cash management, and organizational performance, but variations in implementation and ethical context may influence how these controls translate into actual performance outcomes. Supported by Agency Theory, Stewardship Theory, and Ethical Climate Theory, this study investigated the influence of internal control effectiveness on local treasury performance among LGUs in Misamis Oriental. It also determined whether the ethical climate had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between these variables. A quantitative design with moderation analysis was employed with 120 respondents across the selected 24 LGUs. Quantitative data were gathered using structured surveys, while key informant interviews (KII) were conducted to gather qualitative information. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and both simple linear and multiple regression were employed to analyze the data. The findings showed that the internal control effectiveness had a significant influence on local treasury performance. Furthermore, among the dimensions of internal control effectiveness, the control environment and monitoring strongly predict performance, highlighting the importance of leadership tone, integrity, and accountability, as well as continuous oversight of treasury operations. Moreover, no significant differences in internal control effectiveness or local treasury performance were observed when respondents were grouped by age, sex, or years of service, since public service requires integrity and adherence to standardized governance systems rather than demographic attributes. Finally, ethical climate did not significantly moderate the influence of internal control effectiveness on local treasury performance, but it did have a significant positive direct effect on such performance, as a positive ethical environment independently reinforces responsible behavior and performance, even when formal control systems are already in place in the LGUs. Qualitative findings identified implementation challenges, including resource constraints, weak ethical leadership & political influence, insufficient training, and resistance to change. The study further implies that treasury performance may be strengthened by institutionalizing ethical oversight structures, feedback mechanisms, embedding ethics in evaluation systems, investing in continuous training, and adopting digitalization and periodic internal audit review.
S. W. Suradkar
Barshitakli Taluka is an agriculturally dominated region where crops such as cotton, soybeans, wheat, and pulses are widely cultivated. Along with crop production, farmers commonly rear livestock including sheep, goats, cows, and buffaloes, making traditional veterinary medicine an important part of rural healthcare practices. The present study was conducted to document ethnobotanical knowledge related to the treatment of human and animal ailments in the villages of Barshitakli Taluka. Data were collected from June 2024 to February 2025 through seasonal field visits to different villages. A comprehensive ethnobotanical survey was carried out using interviews and discussions with experienced tribal informants who possess traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. Information regarding plant species, their local names, parts used, preparation methods, and therapeutic applications was systematically recorded. The study highlights the significant role of indigenous knowledge in primary healthcare and emphasizes the need for proper documentation and conservation of medicinal plant resources and traditional practices for future generations.
Amah Ebube Perpetua, Amah, Joseph Idu, Amoke, Aniebonam Ignatius, Onuigbo Cynthia
Groundwater is stored within subsurface pores and fractures. Weathering and diagenesis play critical roles in either increasing or reducing rock porosity. In this context, argillaceous rocks (typically regarded as impermeable) can develop fracture porosity, which enhances permeability and allows substantial water storage through interconnected matrix pathways. Alex Ekwueme University Ndufu-Alike and Gregory University Uturu are expanding institutions facing challenges in securing adequate groundwater for domestic and other uses. The study began with preliminary geophysical investigations using electrical resistivity methods across various locations within both campuses. Based on the findings, five drilling points were recommended: three at Ndufu-Alike and two at Uturu. Drilling results indicated that boreholes equipped with small motorized pumps were feasible at Ndufu-Alike, whereas higher-capacity pumps could be utilized at Gregory University if boreholes were sited at Marist Brothers Uturu, approximately one kilometer east of the campus. Very low resistivity values obtained from the survey confirmed that the lithology is predominantly shale with moderate to high plasticity. Pumping tests were conducted following the Cooper–Jacob (1946) method. Transmissivity (T) at Ndufu-Alike ranged from 18.23 m²/day to 37.44 m²/day, while at Uturu it ranged from 22.85 m²/day to 23.04 m²/day. Storativity (S) values ranged between 0.22 and 0.32, indicating an intermediate class associated with confined aquifers. The researchers observed that at Uturu, sandy shales occur within the borehole depth range, resulting in uniform transmissivity. At Ndufu-Alike, however, fractured shales appear sandwiched between two impermeable layers, creating a confined condition. The pumping tests were closely monitored to establish sustainable pumping rates. The study demonstrates that fractured shale aquifers hold promise for domestic water supply and that shales can be considered viable groundwater sources when developed following careful, site specific geophysical investigations.
Devi B S, Dr. Rani Koshy
The rapid increase in textual data across digital environments has made automatic text processing an essential component of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Extractive approaches involve evaluating, identifying, and selecting the most relevant sentences and are considered efficient, interpretable, and systematic alternatives to abstractive methods. Previous methods have struggled to capture meaningful semantic relationships and contextual relevance using statistical or rule-based techniques. To address these limitations, this study proposes a headline- guided extractive model that combines multilingual transformer embeddings with linguistic cues to improve relevance and information retention. The system selects sentences based on semantic similarity and syntactic importance, ensuring that the generated summaries are coherent and concise. Additionally, it reduces redundancy, thereby enhancing applicability in real-world tasks.
Boris Kotey Sasraku-Neequaye, Lynda Dede Graham
Purpose: Facilities management (FM) plays a critical role in ensuring the effective functioning of hospitality establishments such as hotels, resorts, and restaurants. As hospitality organisations increasingly rely on sophisticated infrastructure, technology systems, and service environments to enhance guest satisfaction, the management of facilities has evolved from a purely operational support activity to a strategic organisational function. The purpose of this review paper is to examine the conceptual foundations, operational roles, and strategic significance of facilities management in hospitality. The study aims to synthesise existing literature on facilities management practices within hospitality environments and to explore their implications for operational efficiency, service quality, and organisational sustainability. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopts a systematic literature review approach based on the analysis of academic publications, industry reports, and empirical studies related to facilities management within the hospitality sector. Scholarly articles were identified through databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald Insight, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The review focuses on theoretical frameworks, empirical findings, and emerging trends related to hospitality facilities management. Findings: The review reveals that facilities management significantly influences hospitality operations through effective maintenance management, infrastructure optimisation, environmental sustainability, safety compliance, and technological integration. The findings highlight that well-managed facilities contribute to improved operational efficiency, enhanced guest experience, and increased organisational competitiveness. Emerging trends in hospitality facilities management include smart building technologies, sustainable infrastructure management, digital maintenance systems, and integrated facility planning. Research limitations/implications: The review is limited to published literature and primarily focuses on hospitality facilities within accommodation establishments such as hotels and resorts. Further empirical studies are required to examine facilities management practices across different hospitality segments including restaurants, cruise ships, and event venues. Practical implications: Hospitality managers should recognise facilities management as a strategic management function that contributes to service quality, operational reliability, and organisational sustainability. Investment in preventive maintenance systems, digital facility management technologies, and environmentally sustainable infrastructure can significantly enhance hospitality performance. Originality/value: This paper provides a comprehensive synthesis of facilities management literature within the hospitality sector and highlights emerging research directions for both scholars and practitioners.
Prabhjot Kaur, Suman Kumari
Field investigations were carried out during the chilli growing season of 2024 under farmers’ field conditions with the technical support of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hoshiarpur and Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kapurthala (Punjab), to assess the bioefficacy of Pyriproxyfen 10 EC against major sucking insect pests of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). The experiment was conducted at Village Chandsu Brahmna in District Hoshiarpur and Village Boolpur in District Kapurthala under natural infestation of aphids and whiteflies. Three treatments, namely Pyriproxyfen 10 EC @ 160 ml/acre, Malathion 50 EC @ 400 ml/acre and an untreated control, were evaluated. Pest population was recorded one day before spray and at 3, 7 and 10 days after spray. Pyriproxyfen 10 EC recorded the maximum suppression of aphid and whitefly populations, reducing aphids from 5.9 to 0.5 and whiteflies from 14.1 to 1.7 per three leaves at 10 days after spray. The lowest leaf curl incidence (2%) and the highest yield (67.8 q/acre) were also observed in Pyriproxyfen-treated plots. The treatment exhibited a comparatively safer effect on natural enemies, indicating its suitability for inclusion in integrated pest management strategies. The study concludes that Pyriproxyfen 10 EC is an effective option for managing sucking insect pests in chilli under Punjab conditions.
H.K.S Geeganage, K.K.M.S.D.K Galkaduwa, K.M.S Weerasinghe
This mixed-methods study investigates first impressions of the university's landscape and its impact on the emotional well-being of undergraduates enrolled in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka. Quantitative structural equation modeling combined with qualitative thematic analysis was used to assess how landscape aesthetics influence emotional responses and students’ sense of belonging. The qualitative portion used semi-structured interviews to obtain students’ lived experiences of the university landscapes, while the quantitative portion employed structured questionnaires that measured three variables: emotional well-being, environmental attachment, and university landscape aesthetics. The study showed that students appreciated the university entrance dominated by large flowering trees, palm avenues, yellow foliage with high rise podiums, red flower carpets, pruned pathways, topiary features, ornamental shrubs, vines, fruit trees, and placid ponds. The environmental attachment, emotional well-being, and perceived landscape beauty showed a significant relationship per structural equation modeling. Structural equation modeling indicated significant relationships among environmental attachment, emotional well-being, and perceived landscape beauty. The first-year students indicated the landscape features that instilled motivation, comfort, a sense of belonging, and pride during the thematic analysis. The results show that maintained and designed university landscapes positively affect students' academic experience and psychological well-being. These results advocate global sustainability goals, mental health support, and the importance of designed green spaces in educational settings. The qualitative findings further revealed that visually rich landscapes created feelings of comfort, excitement, and pride among first-day students, strengthening their emotional attachment to the university environment. These findings improve the quality of learning environments and support Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education), Sustainable Development Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and Sustainable Development Goal 15 (Life on Land).
Dr. Raja Ram Singh
In this recent study, we investigated a novel fixed point in a special metric space where the distance between two natural numbers is determined by their coprime relations. We define a metric related to the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) and explore fixed-point results for standard coprime controlled contraction mappings and their generalizations as well as fixed point results using additional mathematical structures. With the support of artificial intelligence and we also introduced Banach, Cric, and Kannan applications with examples to illustrate this theory.
Karen Joy Buenvenida
This study examined the effects of a five-week wellness program integrating Vinyasa Yoga and PERMA-based activities on well-being. Utilizing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, participants’ flourishing was assessed using the Flourishing Scale before and after the intervention. Paired t-test results indicated significant improvements in well-being scores. Subsequent narrative interviews with participants demonstrating the highest gains revealed themes of increased mindfulness, stress reduction, emotional resilience, and strengthened social connections. Findings suggest that combining mind-body practices with positive psychology strategies effectively enhances flourishing. These results offer valuable implications for developing holistic mental health and public health interventions that integrate embodied practices with evidence-based well-being strategies
Dr. Loida Royo Banzuelo
Food safety and sanitation are essential for protecting public health and maintaining consumer confidence in the restaurant industry. In Filipino restaurants, maintaining consistent hygiene and safe food handling practices can be challenging due to high customer demand, varied operational procedures, and staff workload. Examining these practices from both managerial and employee perspectives is critical to identify gaps and improve compliance. This study investigated food safety and sanitation strategies in selected Filipino restaurants in Mandaluyong City, Philippines, using a mixed-methods design. One hundred purposively selected respondents (25 managers and 75 employees) participated. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using percentages, weighted means, and t-tests to identify significant differences between employee and manager assessments. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews to explore perceptions, challenges, and experiences related to food safety and sanitation. Findings reveal that overall food safety and sanitation practices were moderately implemented, with a composite weighted mean of 2.53, indicating partial but inconsistent adherence. Measures such as waste management, temperature control, and prevention of cross-contamination were most consistently applied, while hygiene compliance, food presentation, and time–temperature monitoring were less consistently observed. Sanitation strategies emphasized personal hygiene, but structured cleaning schedules and clearly documented procedures were weaker areas. The t-test confirmed a significant difference between employee and manager assessments, reflecting varying perceptions of compliance. Although problems encountered were generally minimal, inconsistent adherence to hygiene protocols was the most frequently noted concern. The study concludes that while key food safety and sanitation practices exist, their application is inconsistent across establishments. Strengthening standardized procedures, monitoring, training, and communication is recommended to improve compliance, operational efficiency, and overall food safety in Filipino restaurants.
Alematu Agbo (PhD), Terkimbi Mtseem Tion, Tersoo Torhemen
With a focus on Nigeria and comparative global evidence, this study examines the literature on the connection between Foreign Exchange Rates and Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). Analyzing how changes in exchange rates affect PPP while taking inflation, economic stability, and price level adjustments into account is the goal. Nine international papers and twelve Nigerian studies were chosen using a PRISMA-style framework. According to the review, some studies support PPP validity over long time horizons, while others highlight variations related to inflation shocks, fiscal imbalances, and dependency. Gaps in methodological rigor are found in the review, especially in the restricted application of sophisticated econometric approaches such panel ARDL models and nonlinear PPP tests. The policy implications point to Nigeria's exchange rate control and inflation targeting being strengthened. A research agenda that emphasizes methodological innovation and wider coverage of moderating variables is presented in the paper's conclusion.
Cepe, Blezy Rose A, Gacutan, Stella Marie Y, Gallano, Hugh Angelo A, Garcia, Hannah Jane P, Jamili, JC John T, Leong-on, Ma. Socorro G, Lopez, Blessie Grace J
This epidemiological assessment analyzes the COVID-19 situation in the Philippines from January 1 to March 13 of 2022 and January 1 to March 13 of 2023. The study evaluates six epidemiological parameters: incidence, prevalence, total cases, daily deaths, total deaths, and daily case fatality rate. Publicly available data from the Department of Health (DOH), World Health Organization (WHO), Worldometer, and Andra Farm were utilized for comparison. Findings reveal that 2022 recorded significantly higher daily incidence in the thousands compared to 2023, where cases were mostly in the hundreds or below. Prevalence ranged from 17,000 to 291,000 in 2022, while in 2023 it ranged from 8,000 to 13,000. Total cases increased by 823,408 from January 1 to March 13, 2022, compared to only 13,223 during the same period in 2023. A total of 6,065 deaths were recorded from January to March 13, 2022, whereas 820 deaths were recorded during the same period in 2023. The highest daily case fatality rate was 0.75% on January 1, 2022, and 0.67% in 2023. The data demonstrate a marked decline in COVID-19 severity in 2023 compared to 2022, potentially attributed to increased vaccination coverage, improved case management, and adherence to minimum public health standards. Despite declining trends, continued vigilance remains necessary.
Rowel C. Malimban, Sherwin B. Toriano
Blastocystis is a widespread enteric protozoan of zoonotic importance, frequently transmitted via contaminated food and water. This study investigated the histopathological impact of Blastocystis on the intestinal architecture of Swiss mice. Isolates were obtained from the external surfaces and digestive tracts of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and the housefly (Musca domestica). Following oral inoculation, mice were sacrificed at 10 days post-infection for histopathological analysis. Findings revealed significant mucosal disruption, with moderate to severe villi erosion observed in the majority of infected subjects. Pathological hallmarks included villi blunting, apical fragmentation, thinning of the intestinal mucosa, and exposure of the lamina propria. Notably, the severity of intestinal damage was comparable between isolates sourced from both insect vectors. These results characterize Blastocystis as a significant intestinal pathogen in a murine model and underscore the critical role of synanthropic insects as mechanical vectors in its transmission cycle.
Shomari Rajabu Shomari
This paper explores the historical and cultural development of Shandong Province, one of the most influential regions in Chinese civilization. From its Neolithic roots in the Houli, Dawenkou, and Longshan cultures to its central role in the rise of Confucian philosophy and imperial ritual traditions, Shandong has continuously shaped China’s intellectual and moral landscape. The study traces the province’s transformation across major historical periods including the Qi and Lu states, the imperial dynasties, and the modern reform era emphasizing how local heritage adapted to political and social change. Today, Shandong stands as both a symbol of China’s ancient legacy and a model for cultural preservation and innovation in the twenty first century. Also positioned on China’s eastern coast, Shandong’s fertile lands, waterways, and strategic location have shaped its role in agriculture, trade, and cultural innovation. Archaeological evidence highlights early settlements and societal complexity, while the province’s legacy as the birthplace of Confucius underscores its enduring influence on Chinese philosophy and governance. By examining historical records, material culture, and social transformations, this study illuminates how Shandong has both reflected and contributed to broader trends in China’s history. The research highlights the province as a lens through which to understand the continuity and change of Chinese civilization over millennia.
Manoj Semwal, Vijaypal Singh Rana, Vikas Vatsa
This study investigates the role of digital platforms in transforming agribusiness linkages and improving farmer incomes in the Himalayan hill districts of Uttarakhand, India. Implemented as part of the World Bank–supported Uttarakhand Decentralized Watershed Development Project Phase II (UDWDP-II), also known as GRAMYA-II, the initiative integrated mobile applications, e-commerce tools, and centralized data systems within a decentralized institutional framework comprising Farmer Interest Groups (FIGs), Farmer Federations (FFs), and Agribusiness Growth Centres (ABGCs). Using a mixed-methods approach that combined project documents, digital platform analytics, sales data, and stakeholder interviews, the study evaluated digital platform adoption, marketing performance, and institutional synergies. The Gramyashree platform functioned as both a digital marketplace and a management tool, facilitating direct producer–buyer engagement, real-time inventory tracking, yield forecasting, and coordinated marketing. Findings indicate that digital interventions improved market transparency, reduced transaction costs, and expanded access to urban and institutional buyers, particularly benefiting smallholders in remote areas. However, adoption varied due to connectivity limitations, uneven digital literacy, and product quality challenges. The study concludes that digital platforms can significantly enhance agribusiness outcomes in mountainous contexts when embedded within federated governance structures and supported by investments in capacity building, branding, quality assurance, and last mile logistics.
Dr. R. Rathidevi, S. Nagarathinam
Coconut processing generates substantial by-products such as husk, shell, coir pith, fiber, and leaves, which are often underutilized, leading to environmental pollution and resource wastage. This study examines the effective and innovative utilization of coconut by-products for sustainable development and economic growth in Theni district. A descriptive and analytical research design was adopted, using both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from 65 respondents (37 coconut farmers, 15 coir industry workers, and 13 small-scale entrepreneurs) through a convenience sampling technique, while secondary data were sourced from journals, reports, and official publications. Data analysis was carried out using percentage analysis and Chi-square test. The findings reveal that 56.9% of respondents are coconut farmers, indicating their dominant role in by-product utilization. Statistical analysis shows no significant relationship between respondent category and perception of sustainable development (χ² = 6.977, p = 0.137), suggesting uniform awareness across groups. The study identifies specific value-added applications such as coir-based products, activated carbon production, organic fertilizers from coir pith, and biomass fuel generation, highlighting their practical and scalable innovations in waste utilization. The results demonstrate that systematic utilization of coconut by-products contributes to income diversification, rural employment generation, and waste minimization, while supporting circular economy practices. The study concludes that adopting technology-driven and market-oriented innovations in coconut waste processing can significantly enhance economic benefits and environmental sustainability, particularly in rural regions.
Nweze Onyinyechi Lucy
The increasing demand for sustainable energy sources has intensified global interest in biodiesel derived from non-edible plant oils. This study investigates the fuel properties and chemical composition of biodiesel produced from Terminalia catappa seed oil. Oil extracted from the kernels was converted into biodiesel through base-catalyzed transesterification using methanol and potassium hydroxide catalyst. The produced biodiesel was characterized using standard analytical techniques including density measurement, kinematic viscosity, flash point determination, cetane number estimation, and calorific value analysis according to American Society for Testing and Materials standards. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed the presence of major fatty acid methyl esters including oleic acid methyl ester, linoleic acid methyl ester, and palmitic acid methyl ester. The results show that the fuel properties of Terminalia catappa biodiesel are within the acceptable range of international biodiesel standards, suggesting that it is a viable renewable alternative to petroleum diesel. The study demonstrates that utilizing T. catappa seed oil for biodiesel production can contribute to renewable energy development while reducing environmental pollution.
Ajibola, V.O., Dahiru, I., Ekwumemgbo, P.A.
Gelatin, a biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymer, has promising applications in biomedical, environmental, and food systems. In this study, gelatin was synthesized and characterized for its structural, physicochemical, and antimicrobial properties. FTIR analysis confirmed characteristic functional groups, including N-H/O-H stretching at 3400.0 cm⁻¹ (amide A), C-H stretching at 2920.0 cm⁻¹, and amide I and II bands at 1640.0 cm⁻¹ and 1510.0 cm⁻¹, indicating preserved peptide linkages. XRD revealed a semi-crystalline structure with peaks at 2θ ≈ 7.0 – 8.0° and 20.0 – 22.0° and crystallite sizes of 8.0 – 18.0 nm, while SEM showed a compact, homogeneous polymeric matrix with minor micro-textural features. Zeta potential analysis indicated a moderately negative surface charge (-12.8 mV) with uniform distribution, reflecting moderate colloidal stability. The synthesized gelatin exhibited time-dependent antibacterial activity, reducing Staphylococcus aureus from 7.20 to 3.70 log₁₀ CFU/mL and Bacillus subtilis from 7.15 to 3.50 log₁₀ CFU/mL, while Escherichia coli decreased from 7.30 to 4.30 log₁₀ CFU/mL and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 7.28 to 4.90 log₁₀ CFU/mL over 24 h. Biofilm inhibition reached 72.0%, and eradication of preformed biofilms was 65.0%, confirmed via live/dead staining. The gelatin retained over 70.0% antibacterial activity after three reuse cycles and maintained functional stability after 30 and 60 days of storage. These results demonstrate that the synthesized gelatin possesses stable molecular structure, uniform morphology, effective antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties, and good reusability and storage stability. This makes it a promising material for biopolymer nanocomposites, antimicrobial coatings, wound dressings, biomedical scaffolds, and food packaging applications.
Dr. Mrs. Vibha Singh Thakur, Prashasti Menon
This research paper offers a critical examination of Sudha Murty’s novel Dollar Bahu (2005) through the theoretical framework of cultural ecofeminism. It explores the profound ontological connection between the protagonist, Vinuta, and her botanical environment, positioning her garden as a site of emotional refuge against a backdrop of domestic marginalization. The study highlights the tension between traditional ecological values and the encroaching forces of globalized materialism, which facilitate the commodification of both nature and the feminine spirit. By analyzing the intra-gender oppression exerted by the matriarchal figures, the paper underscores the ecofeminist tenet that the exploitation of the landscape mirrors the subjugation of women. Ultimately, it argues that Vinuta’s horticultural engagement serves as a resilient reclamation of the organic self within a currency-obsessed society.
Aisha Sani, Michael E. Ibanga
The incessant low levels of women’s participation in leadership is often attributed primarily to patriarchal dominance. In developing countries like Nigeria, this aspect of the social system in which the woman’s role and status are relatively recognized to be of less importance to those of a man across political, social, and economic life affects the ability of women to ascend governance positions. This study investigates the involvement and participation of women in governance in Nigeria, using Kogi State as a case study. The study is anchored on the Feminist Theory, which refers to public support and belief in equal rights for women on the grounds of gender equality. Four research questions were formulated for the study. A quantitative method was adopted for the study using questionnaires. The data were analyzed using simple percentage, frequency distribution table, mean and standard deviation. Findings revealed, among others, that the current level of women’s representation in governance in Kogi State has not been effective overtime, and that gender roles significantly influence women’s representation in Kogi State. The study concludes that women’s participation in governance has positive implications for promoting gender equality, inclusive policymaking and improved social and development outcomes. Increasing women’s representation in governance is an important requirement for sustainable development in Kogi State and Nigeria as a whole. The study therefore recommends awareness campaigns and advocacy programmes, as well as implementation of available laws by governments, stakeholders and political parties that will be effective in promoting women’s participation in governance in Kogi State.
Anthony Ly B. Dagang, Mark Anthony C. Veloz
In the context of increasing competition from banks and technology-driven financial institutions, cooperatives face growing challenges in sustaining long-term membership. This study examined the extent to which governance, member satisfaction, and member engagement serve as key drivers of membership retention in a cooperative in one of the cities in Bukidnon, Philippines. Despite existing studies, limited empirical evidence explains how these factors collectively influence membership retention in local cooperative settings. Anchored on the SERVPERF Model and Social Exchange Theory, the research employed a descriptive-correlational design. Data were collected from cooperative members selected through simple random sampling. A structured researcher-developed questionnaire based on SERVPERF dimensions and governance and engagement constructs was used. The instrument underwent content validation, reliability testing (Cronbach’s alpha), and construct validation through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the levels of governance, member satisfaction, member engagement, and membership retention, while Canonical Correlation Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression were applied to examine their relationships and predictive influence. Results revealed that all major variables and their respective dimensions were assessed at generally high levels. Significant multivariate relationships were established between governance and retention, satisfaction and retention, and engagement and retention. Member engagement emerged as the strongest predictor of membership retention, followed by member satisfaction and governance. The study concludes that transparent governance, high service performance, and sustained member engagement collectively reinforce loyalty and advocacy, thereby strengthening cooperative competitiveness, institutional resilience, and long-term sustainability. Future research may explore these variables across different cooperative settings and consider additional factors, such as digital service adoption and organizational culture, to enhance the understanding of membership retention.
Dr. Vikas Sharma
The contemporary education system has come under growing scrutiny for its rigid institutional structure, standardised curriculum, and its overriding emphasis on certification rather than genuine learning. Students across the world are increasingly processed through systems that reward compliance and recall over curiosity, creativity, and character development. In response to these deep-rooted limitations, the Austrian philosopher Ivan Illich (1971) proposed the radical concept of deschooling — a fundamental reimagining of education that moves away from compulsory institutional schooling toward decentralised, self-directed, and community-embedded learning. Illich argued that schools, as currently structured, serve institutional interests far more than the interests of individual learners or society as a whole. Interestingly, many of the principles Illich articulated find a striking and largely unacknowledged parallel in the ancient Indian Gurukul system, which flourished centuries before modern schooling emerged. In the Gurukul tradition, students lived and learned alongside a wise teacher in a community setting, developing knowledge, character, and practical wisdom through direct engagement with life rather than through textbook instruction. This paper undertakes a critical conceptual analysis of the correlation between the Gurukul tradition and the deschooling philosophy, supported by real-world examples of contemporary initiatives. Through a systematic comparison of their foundational principles, pedagogical approaches, and social orientations, the study identifies significant areas of convergence — including experiential learning, the role of the teacher as guide rather than authority, the flexibility of the curriculum, and the centrality of community in the educational process. The paper also honestly acknowledges the points of divergence, particularly the Gurukul system’s deep-rooted exclusions of women and lower-caste communities, and connects both traditions to current global education reform debates. The study concludes that a thoughtful and inclusive integration of both models holds genuine promise for reforming contemporary education in ways that are more humane, equitable, and deeply meaningful.
Angeli Y. Lumantouw, Fitriyani M. Otoluwo, Irza N Ranti, Jufri Sineke, Kevin G. Pascoal, Meildy E. Pascoal, Nonce N. Legi, Vera T. Harikedua
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) requires disciplined self-management through diet and physical activity. Failure to adhere to these pillars can lead to unstable blood glucose levels. Lifestyle-based education is one of the most effective ways to reduce the burden of diabetes in the elderly. Key lifestyle factors such as diet, interpersonal relationships, spiritual growth, and stress management play an important role in improving health and managing diabetes. Poor eating habits, including low fruit and vegetable intake and high sugar consumption, are common in elderly with diabetes. Objective: To analyze the effect of healthy lifestyle education on nutritional intake, physical activity, and blood sugar levels in DM patients at the Tompaso Community Health Center. Method: Pre-experimental research with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of DM patients who were given dietary and physical activity education interventions. Intake data were measured by food recall, physical activity with a questionnaire (MET), and blood sugar levels were measured before and after the intervention. Data analysis used statistical tests (Paired T-Test). The study results showed significant changes in nutritional intake: energy decreased (1270.6 kcal to 1236.5 kcal), carbohydrates decreased drastically (2131 grams to 1828 grams), while protein and fat experienced adjustments. Physical activity increased significantly from an average of 452.88 METs to 725.15 METs. Average blood sugar levels decreased from 130.06 mg/dL to 125.212 mg/dL with a p-value of 0.000 ().p<0,05 Conclusion: Healthy lifestyle education effectively improved diet, increased physical activity, and lowered blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus at the Tompaso Community Health Center. Future research should explore the long-term impact and integration of similar education programs into broader public health strategies.
Richard Armah
Child sexual violence is a hidden, though common, social pathology in Ghana. The article under discussion questions the dynamics of communal silence, popular indignation, and institutional responsibility by examining one of them of a four-year-old girl in Suhum, Eastern Region, who is reported to have been sexually abused several times by a fourteen-year-old male neighbour in a compound house. Although the child experiences pain immediately after the abuse, it is alleged to have been an intermittent experience over a long period before the issue of caregivers took it seriously, thus revealing the much-needed gap in early identification and community safety of the abused children. The fundamental issue considered in this research is that child sexual abuse repeatedly manifests itself within close residential spaces and at the same time is not detected or acted upon by the families and communities. This study adopts a qualitative case-study approach along with the media and the discourse analysis of the population. The reported incident by GHOne TV and Starr FM is the centre of attention, whereas the reactions of the society that appeared on social media are analysed to clarify the perceptions of the society, moral reactions, and the need of justice. Discussing these commentaries, a number of overriding themes are identified, such as the acute emotional pain of the readers, the wide-spread criticism of the perpetrators, the demand to provide even stronger legal measures, to put the blame on the parents or the guardians, and the disappointment with the perceived inefficiency of the justice system. The results show that the general discussion comprises the empathy of victims, moral indignation about perpetrators, and the general feeling of anxiety in society over the growing rate of child defilement in Ghana. At the same time, the remarks highlight structural issues on a higher level, including how child vulnerability has become normalized in the domestic context, how people tend to shift responsibility onto the caregivers, and how people would want the legal system to be more effective in deterring culprits. The case also explains the tensions of community-based informal resolution systems and the demands of formal law-enforcement systems as it was demonstrated in Ghana Police Service where formal prosecution was demanded. The paper argues that child sexual violence in Ghana is not a mere criminal activity, but a wider social phenomenon that is perpetuated by the silence of communities and the slow responsiveness of communities to children raised complaints and a weak protective system in each household and neighbourhood. The contextualisation of the Suhum case into the broader sociological debates on vulnerability, power relations, and social responsibility contributes to the study that suggests the need to have more efficient child protection systems, more active social awareness, and stricter enforcement of the law.
Dr. Adenike Oluwakemi Ogah, Dr. Edwin Kanombola Chembo, Dr. James-Aaron Ogbole Ogah
Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of congenital HIV infection at the Neonatal Centre of Excellence Unit (NCOE), Children Division of the University Teaching Hospitals (UTH), and to analyze the characteristics of neonates who tested positive and negative for HIV PCR. Subject and methods This study is a pilot investigation that analyzed retrospective cross-sectional data from 757 mother-neonate pairs. The data was collected over a 12-month period from the ward register and file records at the NCOE Unit, UTH - Children's Division in Lusaka, Zambia. The prevalence and characteristics of HIV among hospitalized neonates were assessed using percentages, Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and binary logistic regression model. The results were reported in terms of p-values, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Results In 2024, the annual rates of HIV and Syphilis among all neonatal admissions at NCOE were recorded at 4.1% and 5.9%, respectively. The HIV status for 52 neonates (6.9%) was not available. The median age of the neonates at the time of admission was 14 days, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 9 to 21 days. The maternal HIV positivity rate was 11.9%, while the paternal rate was 7.3%. Notably, a greater number and percentage of fathers had unknown HIV status (103, 13.6%) compared to mothers (20, 2.6%). The rate of HIV exposure was 48.3%. A total of twenty-nine mothers, accounting for 3.8%, did not attend the antenatal clinic during their pregnancy. Overall, the incidence of teenage pregnancies was 4.9%, and 47 mothers, or 6.2%, delivered outside of healthcare facilities. The rate of cesarean sections was 20.6%, and 57.3% mothers experienced delays in starting breastfeeding. Furthermore, 82.2% of neonates were referred from other healthcare facilities, and 73.6% showed indicators of growth faltering. A significant number of neonates presented at admission with abnormal body temperatures (60.1%), heart rates (66.8%), and respiratory rates (83%). The characteristics of neonates diagnosed with HIV were comparable in all examined aspects to those without HIV. The sole distinctions observed were that mothers of HIV-positive neonates were, on average, significantly older (31.1 years, with a standard deviation of 5.40 years, representing a 3.37-year increase, and a 95% CI of 1.19 to 5.55, with a p-value of 0.003). Furthermore, these HIV-positive neonates had a greater propensity to be born to discordant couples (15.4% vs 1.5%; OR=11.72. 95% CI 3.35, 40.99; p=0.001); mothers with moderate parity (OR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.05 to 5.88; p=0.032), to be born prematurely (OR=5.83; 95% CI: 1.15 to 29.58; p=0.047), and exhibited significantly impaired postnatal growth (OR= 3.02; 95% CI: 1.26 to 7.24; p=0.010) when contrasted with HIV-negative neonates. Notably, the impairment of postnatal growth manifested earlier than anticipated, with a substantial rate of 74.1% observed among the HIV-positive infants. Neonates whose record of HIV status was missing presented with distinct characteristics compared to those with a known HIV status. Specifically, neonates with unknown HIV status were more frequently born to parents who were either HIV positive or whose HIV status was also unknown, as opposed to parents who were HIV negative (p<0.001). Furthermore, these neonates were less likely to have received antenatal care (p<0.001; OR=4.83, 95% CI 1.96-11.91). They also exhibited delayed initiation of breastfeeding, demonstrated impaired growth, and presented with relatively elevated random blood glucose levels and irregular body temperature at the time of admission. The prevalence of discordant couples was observed to be 20.9% (19 out of 91couples). This rate was notably higher among infants whose HIV status was unknown, at 27.3% (6 out of 22), compared to 20% (10 out of 50) for infants with known HIV status, a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) with an odds ratio of 9.07 (95% confidence interval: 3.16 to 26.00). Among all the 19 identified discordant couples, 18 mothers tested positive for HIV, while only 1 father tested positive. Conclusion The significant number of mothers lacking antenatal care in this study is a cause for concern and poses a risk to the advancement of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) program within the nation. Intensified antenatal care initiatives, encompassing early HIV screening for expectant mothers and their partners, are imperative to enable the timely initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and PMTCT services. Particular vigilance is warranted for neonates presenting with an unknown HIV status in healthcare facilities within resource-limited environments. Such infants, especially those born to mothers aged >25years, with inadequate or absent antenatal care, those with moderate parity, premature births, delayed breastfeeding initiation, faltering growth, and abnormal vital signs, should be suspected of HIV positivity and undergo early infant testing to further mitigate infant morbidity and mortality. Regular assessment of these infants' feeding, health, and growth shortly after birth is crucial, either through home visits or postnatal clinic appointments. Targeted counseling for mothers (and partners) with unknown HIV status, HIV positive infants, infants with unknown HIV status, women aged >25 years, belonging to discordant couples; and public education are essential for reducing HIV incidence and improving infant health outcomes within the community.
Boris Kotey Sasraku-Neequaye, Lynda Dede Graham
Purpose: “Service with a smile” has traditionally symbolized the essence of hospitality service delivery. However, in contemporary hospitality operations characterized by global competition, digital transformation, and rising customer expectations, smiling behavior represents far more than a courteous gesture. It reflects a structured emotional performance embedded within organizational systems, cultural norms, and strategic objectives. This review paper critically synthesizes existing scholarship to examine the conceptual, operational, and psychological dimensions of “service with a smile.” The study aims to develop an integrated framework that balances emotional labour management, employee well-being, and customer satisfaction outcomes within hospitality organizations. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review methodology was adopted. Peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1983 and 2025 were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald Insight, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 138 high-quality empirical and conceptual studies were analyzed through thematic synthesis. The review integrates theoretical perspectives including Emotional Labour Theory, Service-Profit Chain Theory, Emotional Contagion Theory, Social Exchange Theory, Organizational Support Theory, and Service-Dominant Logic. Findings: Findings reveal that “service with a smile” functions as a strategic intangible resource influencing perceived service quality, trust formation, satisfaction, loyalty, and brand equity. However, emotional display expectations may generate psychological strain when unsupported by organizational systems. The review identifies five interdependent dimensions: emotional regulation strategies, service climate and leadership, employee emotional intelligence, customer perception mechanisms, and well-being sustainability systems. The study proposes a Smile-Service Sustainability Framework (SSSF) integrating organizational foundations, emotional regulation processes, and customer experiential outcomes. Practical implications: Hospitality organizations must prioritize authentic service cultures, structured emotional intelligence development, mental health support, and balanced performance metrics. Sustainable customer satisfaction requires sustainable employee emotional capacity. Originality/value: This study reconceptualizes “service with a smile” as a strategic organizational capability rather than a simplistic behavioural expectation. It provides a comprehensive framework for aligning employee well-being with service excellence in modern hospitality operations.
Ishan Dwivedi, Mritunjay Yadav, Pradeep Yadav
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, making early and accurate diag¬nosis critical for preventing severe vision loss [1]. While deep learning has advanced computer-aided diagnostics, traditional single-stream Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) [2] often strug¬gle with overfitting on small datasets and managing diagnostic uncertainties in overlapping disease patterns. To address these limitations, this thesis proposes a novel hybrid architecture that inte¬grates a multi-network CNN ensemble with an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), as implemented and evaluated in the accompanying Python programmatic framework. Specifi¬cally, the Python pipeline pre-processes retinal fundus images via Region of Interest (ROI) ex¬traction and enhancement, feeding them into a parallel feature extraction module utilizing pre-trained ResNet, DenseNet, and MobileNet backbones. These fused, high-level structural features are subsequently passed into the ANFIS module, which applies adaptive fuzzy reasoning to ef¬fectively manage diagnostic uncertainty and subtle structural variations. Evaluated on aggregated benchmark datasets—including RIM-ONE, DRISHTI-GS1, and ACRIMA—the custom MultiNet-ANFIS Python program demonstrates superior diagnostic performance. When directly compared to standalone baseline models (such as standard ResNet18, DenseNet121, and MobileNet) within the script’s testing loop, the proposed CNN-ANFIS framework achieves significantly higher Ac¬curacy, Precision, and Area Under the Curve (AUC). By synergizing the robust feature extraction capabilities of ensemble deep learning with the interpretable decision-making of fuzzy logic, this programmatically validated model successfully mitigates classification errors and offers a highly efficient, scalable solution for automated glaucoma screening.
Araceli J. Angeles, Carina B. David, Dr. Ronald L. Pancho, Ellery D. De Leon, Mark Ian C. Abrias, Mercedito V. Tambalque, Nanette N. Tabuac, Ricky Boy Garcia
This quantitative, descriptive-correlational study examined the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption and leadership styles on strategic planning effectiveness among technology firms in the Philippines. Guided by frameworks from Biloslavo et al. (2024), Gichuki et al. (2024), and Phillips and Moutinho (2000), the study explored how leadership behaviors mediate the relationship between AI integration and effective planning. A total of 105 executives and managers participated in the survey, using a validated questionnaire with a reliability range of .71 to .91 across three scales. Descriptive statistics revealed very high levels of AI adoption (M = 6.40, SD = 0.79) and strategic planning effectiveness (M = 6.30, SD = 0.79), and a high level of leadership styles (M = 5.64, SD = 0.61). Pearson’s correlation showed significant positive relationships among the three variables, while multiple regression confirmed that AI adoption and leadership styles collectively explained 72% of the variance in strategic planning effectiveness (R² = .72, p < .001). Mediation analysis further indicated that leadership styles significantly mediated the relationship between AI adoption and strategic planning outcomes (β = 0.31, p < .001). The findings underscore the importance of aligning AI initiatives with effective leadership to achieve sustainable organizational planning. The study recommends enhancing leadership development programs to strengthen digital integration strategies and maximize the benefits of AI in strategic management.
B. Atchaya, Iimsw, Dr. K. Shenbaham
Job rotation is an important human resource management strategy used by organizations to improve employee skills, motivation, and overall organizational performance. This study examines the impact of job rotation on organizational development, employee satisfaction, and employee performance. The research was conducted among employees using a structured questionnaire to collect primary data. A sample of 35 respondents was selected using purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed using percentage analysis. The findings of the study indicate that job rotation enhances employee skill development, reduces work monotony, and improves job satisfaction. The results also show that employees generally have a positive attitude toward job rotation and believe that it contributes to their professional growth. The study concludes that job rotation plays a significant role in improving organizational efficiency and employee engagement. Proper planning and implementation of job rotation programs can help organizations develop a skilled and flexible workforce.
Dr. Asubiojo Raphael Ojo
This study examines the relationship between dark web engagement and academic achievement among students in tertiary institutions in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 300 randomly selected students through a structured questionnaire. Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis revealed a strong negative relationship between dark web usage and academic performance (r = 0.882, p < 0.05), indicating that increased engagement with the dark web correlates with lower academic achievement. An independent t-test also showed a significant difference in the effectiveness of strategies adopted by educational policymakers to address dark web usage among students (t = 6.752, p = 0.000). The findings highlight the need for comprehensive digital literacy programs, ethical internet use education, and collaboration with cyber security experts. Based on the results, it is recommended that institutions implement stricter disciplinary measures, strengthen student support services, and increase awareness campaigns to minimize the negative impacts of dark web engagement on student outcomes. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and university administrators in fostering safer academic environments.
Rajib Bhattacharya
Periods of heightened uncertainty have become increasingly frequent in modern financial markets, intensifying the need for forward-looking measures that can anticipate volatility rather than merely describe it ex post. Implied volatility indices have emerged as prominent proxies for market fear, yet empirical evidence on how such fear propagates across different segments of equity markets remains limited, particularly in emerging economies. Against this backdrop, the present study examines whether India VIX functions as a leading indicator of volatility spillovers across Indian equity market capitalization tiers and whether such spillovers are heterogeneous and regime-dependent.
Precious Hepzibah, Temitope. J. Owolabi
This study investigates the impact of age diversity on employee performance within Nigeria’s manufacturing sector. In today’s multigenerational workplace, organizations comprise employees from Baby Boomers to Generation Z, each contributing distinct experiences, skills, and work ethics. While age diversity can enhance creativity, decision-making, and innovation, its benefits are not automatic and depend on effective management practices. Poorly managed age-related differences may lead to conflict, communication breakdowns, and reduced cohesion. The study is anchored on the Similarity-Attraction Theory, which explains how demographic similarities influence group formation and cooperation in the workplace. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a cross-sectional survey method. Data was collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire distributed to 210 employees selected through a combination of cluster, proportional, and convenience sampling techniques across five departments of the company. The respondents, aged between 18 and 65, represented various managerial levels. Statistical analysis, including correlation, was conducted to examine the relationship between age diversity and organizational performance. The findings revealed a weak positive correlation (r = 0.041, p < .05), suggesting that age diversity contributes marginally to improved performance, potentially limited by unresolved generational tensions and inconsistent inclusion practices. The study concludes that while age diversity holds promise for enhancing performance, this potential remains underutilized in the absence of strategic diversity management. Recommendations include implementing inclusive leadership training, mentorship programs, and intergenerational team-building initiatives to bridge generational gaps and harness age diversity as a strategic organizational asset.
Sonali Kumari Panda
India’s foreign policy has shifted from post-independence non-alignment to a more pragmatic, economically driven, and regionally focused approach, especially after the 1991 economic reforms (Mukherjee & Malone, 2011). Despite its growing global influence, South Asia remains one of the least integrated regions, with India facing challenges such as weak institutions, low intra-regional trade, and inadequate connectivity. While initiatives like SAARC, BIMSTEC, BBIN, and the Act East Policy reflect India’s efforts to promote regional cooperation, progress has been limited compared to successful models like the EU and ASEAN. This paper examines how these regions achieved deeper economic integration and identifies lessons that can help India strengthen its institutional capacity, improve connectivity, harmonize regulations, build resilient regional value chains, and adopt more effective cooperation mechanisms. The study is relevant to India’s current strategic priorities ranging from supply-chain resilience to Indo-Pacific engagement and aims to provide policy recommendations for a more cohesive and forward-looking regional integration strategy.
Boris Kotey Sasraku-Neequaye, Lynda Dede Graham
Purpose – The study critically examines international hospitality management (IHM), focusing on its operational, strategic, and human resource dimensions. It explores the evolution of IHM, emerging global trends, technological innovations, sustainability practices, cross-cultural management, and branding strategies, aiming to provide a consolidated framework for best practices in international hospitality. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald Insight, and ScienceDirect. Peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2025 were screened. A total of 186 articles were initially identified, and 98 high-quality publications were analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify key trends, operational strategies, and challenges in IHM. Findings – International hospitality management is shaped by five major pillars: (1) cross-cultural management, (2) digital and smart technology adoption, (3) sustainable and green operations, (4) strategic global branding, and (5) workforce mobility and development. The integration of these pillars enhances operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, brand equity, and global competitiveness. Challenges include high technology costs, regulatory compliance, workforce skill gaps, and cultural adaptation. Research limitations/implications – The review is restricted to English-language publications and may not capture regional variations in operational practices. Empirical research is recommended to test the effectiveness of these trends across diverse international markets. Practical implications – Hospitality managers must strategically adopt digital solutions, develop culturally intelligent workforces, implement sustainability initiatives, and balance global standardization with local adaptation to succeed in international markets. Originality/value – This study consolidates fragmented literature into a unified scholarly framework, providing a comprehensive resource for academics and practitioners seeking insights into global hospitality operations, strategies, and best practices.
Alicia M. Diel, Gia L. Cuizon
Effective agricultural education requires the bridging of theoretical knowledge with practical field competence. Grounded in Constructivist Theory, this study examined whether instructional approaches, appropriate resources, and students’ attitudes toward agriculture influence fieldwork performance in Animal and Dairy Science programs. A descriptive correlational research design was used. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire validated by experts and pilot-tested, demonstrating strong reliability and internal consistency. Confirmatory Factor Analysis established construct validity and acceptable model fit. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the study variables, while multiple regression analysis was used to test the influence of instructional approaches, appropriate resources, and students’ attitudes toward agriculture on fieldwork performance. The findings showed that instructional approaches and appropriate resources were rated as generally high, along with students’ attitudes toward agriculture, which were rated as generally very high. Fieldwork performance was at an average level, indicating that the students demonstrated a satisfactory level of foundational competence in performing basic practical field tasks. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the combined variables significantly influenced fieldwork performance, although they explained only a small proportion of the variance. Among these factors, only students’ attitudes toward agriculture significantly influenced fieldwork performance, while instructional approaches and appropriate resources showed no significant individual effects. The findings highlight the importance of fostering positive attitudes, providing adequate resources, and implementing effective instructional approaches. This study provides practical guidance for educators and program developers to strengthen experiential learning and prepare students for real-world agricultural practice. It recommends that future research incorporate institutionalized performance rubrics to more comprehensively assess practical skills.
Dr. T. Karthikeyan, Mr. Binukumar M
BSNL, the state-owned telecom provider which was formed in the year 2000, from there onwards with service they are asked to make profit also. BSNL have the huge network, its copper cable has been extended to the nuke and corner of all the part of India. But due to the digital growth, mere voice is no longer have any attractiveness. This forced to adopt new technology which required fiber as the medium. So, all the last mile connectivity is needed to change from copper to fiber. Not only the connectivity, new devices and related instruments for provisioning and testing are required. Now it’s not monopoly competition, market is no more blue ocean it’s red ocean, these huge requirements which cost more and also it should be implemented in no time without disturbing the existing customers. BSNL’s financial condition is not so good at that time, so it decided to go with the existing franchisee model. But it not only fetches the expected result, it also eroded BSNL’s most important customer base. A group of employees from Ernakulam Business Area (District), Kerala decided to find the gap and when they studied the reasons behind this activity, they decided to roll out a new FTTH model, literarily the became Intrapreneur. Not only a mere model they proven that their model is a profitable one in quick time. This not only attracted the BSNL corporates attention and they even honoured these employees with Sanchar Award, it also attracted VSOL, a Chinese company, to send their delegates to study the technology behind this venture and design the devices for providing this connectivity because they found the huge scope in this market.
Dr. Arun Bhatia, Dr. Ruchi Sharma
In the contemporary digital environment, social media has emerged as an effective instrument for companies to reach out to customers and establish long-lasting relationships. This research explores the effect of primary dimensions of Social Media Marketing (SMM)—entertainment, interactivity, trendiness, customization, eWOM, and content quality—on brand loyalty among internet consumers. Although prior studies have discussed the overall impact of SMM on consumer behavior, few have focused on how these particular elements affect brand loyalty in online shopping. Adopting a quantitative study, responses were gathered from 350 young adults and working professionals through a standardized questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale, administered through social media platforms. For ensuring analytical strictness, statistical methods like Cronbach's Alpha, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis were employed. The results show that all six SMM dimensions have a significant and positive impact on brand loyalty, emphasizing the significance of creating compelling, customized content strategies in case of online shopping.
Boyi Mairiga, Dr. Emmanuel Omomoh, Dr. Rogers Rengje Danlami Gujahar, Dr. Sunday Nannim, Gwamzhi Ponsah Emmanuel, Moses Omitunde Omirinde
Trace elements are chemical elements found in small concentrations within soil, and are also known as minor elements or micronutrients. Examples include boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc. While present in small amounts, they play vital roles in plant and animal nutrition and can have significant environmental impacts if levels become too high. The transfer of trace elements between soil phases represents the primary processes controlling their behaviour and bioavailability. This study examines the distribution of trace elements in soils within Lapai and Agaie Local Government Areas (LGAs), Niger State, Nigeria. The ever-increasing pressure on land for agriculture, mining, and other activities continuously disrupts the balance, concentrations, and mobility of various trace elements. In many cases, deficiency or toxicity of micronutrients affects plant growth, reducing yield, stunting development, and causing premature leaf drop, among other symptoms. A total of fifty (50) soil samples were systematically collected from different sites across mining areas of Lapai and Agaie LGAs and transported to the Centre for Dryland Agriculture, Bayero University Kano, where comprehensive chemical analysis was conducted. The laboratory results were subsequently subjected to Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) spatial interpolation to examine the distribution patterns of trace elements across the study area. For copper, a concentration range of 1.1 to 3 mg/kg (ppm) was observed. Zinc concentrations ranged from approximately 2 to 14 mg/kg, while iron concentrations ranged between 147 and 240 mg/kg (ppm). Manganese concentrations were generally below typical levels, ranging between 17 and 32 mg/kg. Trace element levels in soils within the study area are generally adequate, with no toxicity detected and only minor deficiencies of manganese, copper, and zinc. Targeted management of manganese levels may be required to achieve optimum soil and plant health.
D Research Scholar, Mr. Subrata Mandal
The research paper title is "Jayaprakash Narayan: Conscience of Modern India" delves into the life, ideals, and transformative influence of one of India's most revered political leaders, Jayaprakash Narayan. Commonly known as JP, he stood as a beacon of moral integrity and unwavering commitment to social justice and democracy during India's tumultuous political landscape. This seminar aims to comprehensively explore JP's life journey, beginning with his early activism during the freedom struggle to his pivotal role in shaping post-independence India. It delves into his philosophy of 'Total Revolution,' which challenged the socio-political norms of his time and aimed at creating an egalitarian society. JP's unique blend of Gandhian principles, deep-rooted democratic values, and pragmatic approach to societal issues will be analysed in the context of modern India's political landscape. This research paper will assess JP's impact on Indian politics, his influence on various social movements, and his role in shaping grassroots leadership. Special focus will be given to his ideas on decentralization of power, social inclusivity, and ethical governance, which continue to hold relevance in contemporary India. Through in-depth discussions, scholarly analyses, and case studies, this research paper seeks to unravel the multifaceted dimensions of JP's conscience-driven leadership. It aims to inspire a new generation of leaders by drawing lessons from his life, highlighting the importance of moral courage, unwavering conviction, and grassroots empowerment in the pursuit of a just and equitable society.
Anusiya Devi J., Janani A.M., Lakshmi Priya M.A., Sowmya M.
Female uterine disorder, including dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia and infertility are increasingly prevalent in reason years, significantly affecting women’s quality of life & reproductive health. Karpa kiranthi ennai – a traditional Siddha medicine is recognised for its beneficial effects on uterine wellness. This herbal- mineral oil is formulated using sesame oil (ellu ennai), garlic (poondu) & purified sulphur (gandhagam), each contributing unique pharmacological properties. The formulation is believed to enhance udal thee (digestive & metabolic fire), improve circulation and regulate reproductive function. This article presents a comprehensive literature review on the formulation, traditional indication and ovulating classical concepts with contemporary perspectives on reproductive health.
Arturo T. Fernandez, Marilou Limpot
This study examined the levels of language learning strategies, language attitude, and language exposure among senior high school students and analyzed their relationships with motivation in language learning using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). A quantitative, descriptive–correlational research design was employed. Results indicated that language learning strategies, language attitude, language exposure, and motivation in language learning were all at a very high level. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant relationships among the variables and students’ motivation in language learning (p < .01). Regression analysis further showed that language learning strategies and language exposure were significantly associated with students’ motivation in language learning. Attitude toward language also demonstrated a statistically significant relationship with motivation, although the direction of the relationship varied across model estimations. Three alternative structural models were tested, and Model 3 demonstrated the most acceptable goodness-of-fit indices based on established SEM criteria, including CMIN/DF, GFI, CFI, NFI, TLI, RMSEA, and P-close. The findings suggest that students’ motivation in language learning is related to the interaction of cognitive, affective, and environmental factors, particularly strategy use, language attitudes, and exposure to language in different contexts. These results highlight the importance of providing learners with opportunities to apply effective language learning strategies, develop positive attitudes toward language learning, and experience meaningful exposure to language both inside and outside the classroom.
Alfin, D., Alico, J., Sapico, D.M
The study was conducted to validate the potential of locally sourced oyster shells as a calcium supplement to quail egg production. The study was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 treatments, replicated 3 times. The study was conducted at the Animal Village of ISUFST-SEC, San Enrique, Iloilo. Data gathered on egg production and egg quality were analyzed using the ANOVA in RCBD, while significant results were subjected to DMRT. The results revealed that birds fed 25 g of oyster shell produced the highest number of eggs and laying percentage, while 15–20 g of oyster shell resulted in heavier eggs across most weeks. Eggshell thickness was generally greater in groups fed with oystershell than in controls, with significant differences observed in selected weeks. Statistical analysis revealed that most parameters were not consistently significant across treatments, although notable improvements were observed at 15 g and 25 g. Economic analysis revealed that birds given 25 g of oystershell achieved the highest return on investment. These findings suggest that incorporation of oystershell in the diet can enhance laying performance, improve shell quality, and increase profitability in quail production, providing a viable alternative to synthetic calcium supplements.
Falalu Abdulra’uf Musa, Shamsudeen Muhammad Sani, Usman Ismail Abdulmalik
Although social media is widely used in Nigerian higher education, the perspectives of key academic stakeholders on its integration into teaching have not been fully explored. This study examines how lecturers and students at selected tertiary institutions view the integration of social media, focusing on its educational value, risks, and the institutional conditions required. A quantitative survey gathered data from 155 respondents across four institutions in North-West and North-East Nigeria. The results show that both groups are generally positive. Lecturers, however, are more cautious about issues such as distractions, academic integrity, and the lack of policy frameworks, while students are more enthusiastic about using platforms such as WhatsApp and YouTube. Major barriers include poor internet connectivity, high data costs, and a lack of guidelines. Successful integration depends on strong institutional investment in infrastructure, policy, and digital literacy, rather than on individual efforts alone. This study contributes to the literature on educational technology in sub-Saharan Africa and offers insights for institutional leaders, curriculum designers, and policymakers.
Dr. Rose K. Mwanza (PhD), Dr. Selpher Cheloti (PhD), Paulous Mutwii Mathuva
The ever-raising demand for financially efficient schools by educational stakeholders and the general public the world all over not be overemphasized. Financial management in public schools is one of the key functions of the school principal and revolves around the sourcing and utilization of all school funds in order to meet the school goals. This study established the relationship between principals' level of training and financial management of public secondary schools in Makueni County, Kenya. This article is an extraction study that was carried out in Makueni County and anchored on the Agency Theory as postulated by Jensen and Mackleng. The study used a descriptive survey and a target population of 391 public secondary principals, 391 bursars, 391 parents and school auditors. Data was collected using questionnaires for both principals and bursars, observation checklists for PA chairpersons and interviews guides for sub-county school auditors. The collected data was analyzed using ATLAS-ti software. The quantitative data analyzed was presented using frequencies, percentages, and tables to give meaning while qualitative data was interpreted in the form of themes and narratives. The study established that there is a positive relationship of r = (84) =0.622, p<0.05 between principals' technology proficiency and financial management. The findings therefore implied that, although most of the principals in Makueni (52.9 %) had attended ICT proficiency training, there exists a good number of 47.1% who did not possess any form of ICT skills for use in financial management of school finances. This points to the conclusion that the proportion of principals that did not train on ICT skills use in performing financial management were not able to confidently undertake such financial management tasks in public secondary schools in Makueni County of Kenya. Based on these findings, the study therefore concluded that the TSC should make it mandatory for all principals to undergo technological proficiency training prior to their being promoted to become principals.
C. Siva Kumar, K. Raja Vardhan, M. Barath, Mr. J. Rajesh, R. Gokul
The increasing generation of waste tyres has emerged as a significant environmental challenge, necessitating sustainable methods for their disposal and reuse. One promising approach is the incorporation of recycled tyre aggregates into concrete production to develop lightweight and eco-friendly construction materials. This study investigates the effect of partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates with recycled tyre chips in lightweight concrete. Experimental work was carried out with varying percentages of tyre replacement to evaluate fresh and hardened properties, including density, workability, compressive strength, and impact resistance. The results demonstrate that although the inclusion of tyre aggregates leads to a reduction in compressive strength compared to conventional concrete, it significantly improves ductility, energy absorption, and weight reduction. These findings suggest that recycled tyre-based lightweight concrete offers potential for application in non-load-bearing structural elements, pavements, and impact-resistant construction, thereby promoting resource conservation and environmental sustainability. An attempt has been made to check the possibility of reuse of recycled tyres in Light Weight Concrete by investigating compressive strength of M25 grade plain concrete and compressive behaviour of RC member for 20 and 30% replacement by recycled tyres.
Dr. Varsha Parikh, Durgesh Gupta
Cinema, particularly in India, holds significant cultural influence and emerging therapeutic potential. This pilot study examines the perceptions of moviegoers, psychotherapists, and filmmakers regarding cinema’s role in mental well-being. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys of 61 moviegoers and interviews with two psychotherapists and two filmmakers (December 2023–January 2024). Findings indicate that moviegoers frequently use films for emotional coping, psychotherapists recognize cinema therapy but report limited formal training, and filmmakers show interest in therapeutic applications despite the absence of structured practices. The study underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and capacity-building, providing a foundation for expanded research on cinema therapy in the Indian context.
Ms. Zeenat Merchant
In an era marked by escalating ecological crises and climate instability, literature emerges as a critical discursive space for cultivating environmental consciousness and ethical engagement. This paper interrogates the role of literary texts as instruments of environmental awareness, examining how narrative forms, aesthetic strategies and symbolic representations mediate the complex relationship between humans and the natural world. Grounded in the theoretical framework of Ecocriticism, the study undertakes a critical analysis of selected works that foreground ecological concerns, ranging from Romantic nature poetry to contemporary climate fiction. The paper explores how literary discourse constructs environmental imaginaries that challenge anthropocentric paradigms and foreground interdependence, vulnerability and sustainability. The research further contends that literature not only reflects environmental anxieties but also actively participates in shaping socio-cultural attitudes and ethical frameworks toward ecological stewardship. By evoking affective responses and fostering imaginative engagement, literary works can mobilize readers toward greater environmental responsibility and activism. Ultimately, this paper positions literature as a transformative cultural force that bridges the gap between ecological knowledge and public consciousness, thereby contributing to the broader project of environmental sustainability and advocacy.
Anna Marie B. Bulat-ag, Ehrlich Fiel G. Valles, Febb Ma. Angela Nieve E. Dagpin, Jose Calasanz Julysses D. Tabia, McGerald B. Zamora, Paul Mike G. Omandam, Rio Paulo P. Gloria, Ronalyn P. Tañara
This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of non-Catholic students participating in the Lambigit Festival, a Catholic faith and cultural celebration at St. Vincent’s College Incorporated in Dipolog City, Philippines. Using a transcendental phenomenological research design guided by Amedeo Giorgi’s method, the research aimed to uncover the essence of participation among non-Catholic students within a predominantly Catholic academic setting. Ten purposively selected participants, all non-Catholics who actively joined the Lambigit Festival during the 2023–2024 school year, were interviewed through semi-structured sessions conducted in English and Filipino, depending on participant preference. Social Identity Theory served as the theoretical lens to examine how group affiliation, identity negotiation, and intergroup dynamics influence the students’ experiences. The conceptual framework centered on the participation of non-Catholic students and identified interconnected themes: their festival experiences, motivations, emotional responses, significant moments, and participation in relation to personal beliefs. Key findings revealed that non-Catholic students experienced inclusion, joy, curiosity, and respect while maintaining personal faith boundaries. Their involvement was shaped by academic motivation, cultural learning, social interaction, and interfaith dialogue. This study highlights how inclusive religious-cultural events like the Lambigit Festival can foster interfaith understanding, respect for diversity, and a deeper sense of belonging among students of different beliefs, enriching both personal development and community harmony. The study concludes that the Lambigit Festival serves as an effective platform for interfaith engagement, fostering social cohesion and mutual respect among students of diverse religious backgrounds. Through the lens of Social Identity Theory, findings suggest the festival promotes an inclusive superordinate identity as "Vincentian students" while allowing participants to maintain distinct religious identities.
Idris Saadu Idris
Antenna design optimization has attracted significant research interest in recent years, largely because traditional antenna design approaches are often time-consuming and do not always guarantee optimal results. The increasing complexity of modern antennas, in terms of geometry, topology, and strict performance requirements, makes conventional trial-and-error methods less effective. As a result, optimization techniques have become an important complement to classical antenna design methods. However, antenna design optimization still faces several challenges, particularly in achieving high efficiency and strong optimization capability when dealing with complex and highly constrained design problems. In antenna engineering, optimization can involve single-objective techniques, where one performance parameter such as gain, bandwidth, or efficiency is optimized, or multi-objective techniques, where several performance metrics such as gain, bandwidth, isolation, and radiation efficiency are optimized simultaneously. While traditional optimization algorithms have been widely used for these tasks, their computational cost and limited adaptability can restrict their effectiveness for complex antenna structures. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have introduced new opportunities for improving antenna design optimization. ML-based methods can significantly reduce computational time, improve prediction accuracy, and efficiently explore large design spaces. This paper reviews recent developments in antenna design optimization, with particular emphasis on approaches that integrate machine learning with both single-objective and multi-objective optimization techniques. These emerging methods show strong potential for addressing the growing demands of modern antenna systems and are expected to play an important role in the future development of antennas for a wide range of wireless communication applications.
Dr. B. Muralidhara Rao, Dr. D. Tata Rao
The Govt. of India is set to introduce a new rural employment law in the Lok Sabha, proposing to repeal the two-decade-old Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) with another legislation, titled the Viksit Bharat Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) (VB-G RAM G) Bill, 2025. The bill seeks to replace the MGNREGA with a revamped framework aimed at aligning rural employment and development with the national vision of Viksit Bharat 2047. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (MGNREGA) is considered to be a game changer for rural India. India's rural economy remains the backbone of its socio-economic condition, with approximately 60% of the population residing in rural areas and a majority dependent on agriculture and allied activities. Yet, the sector faces persistent structural challenges that manifest as agrarian distress, including fragmented landholdings, low productivity, scarcity of irrigation, and fluctuating market prices the study evaluates the scheme’s effects on employment, income, women’s empowerment, poverty, and migration. The review confirms that MGNREGA has significantly improved rural livelihoods by providing income security, enhancing women's participation, and reducing distress migration. However, the analysis also highlights persistent implementation challenges, including regional disparities, wage payment delays, and corruption. The findings are summarized using tables to provide a robust, evidence-based assessment for policymakers and researchers. In light of such questions, this article, rather than engaging in debate over the various divisions of opinion, lets the figures speak for themselves. It collates the relevant statistics in user-friendly form and the concluding analysis then briefly analyses particularly the inter-state differences in the MGNREGS performance for the period of 2006–25.
M.Arjun, Muhammad Wahyuddin Abdullah, Raodahtul Jannah
This study aims to analyze the application of the principles of Shariah Enterprise Theory (SET) in corporate accounting practices as a form of accountability that is not only oriented towards owners, but also towards Allah SWT, humans, and the environment. Based on the concept of enterprise theory, accounting is seen as having a role in creating social welfare and maintaining environmental sustainability. SET places Allah as the highest source of trust, while humans act as khalifatullah fil ardh (vicegerents) tasked with managing and distributing resources in accordance with sharia principles. Thus, corporate accountability encompasses a vertical dimension to God and a horizontal dimension to society and nature. The results of the study indicate that the application of SET encourages companies to not only pursue financial profits, but also to realize justice, balance, and welfare as a whole.
H.U. Abubakar, I. Isa, M. Isah, Yerima M. L
This study investigates the characterization and beneficiation of Gidan Waya tin ore, focusing on its mineralogical and chemical composition to optimize gravity concentration processing. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed that tin (Sn) is the dominant element in the ore, accounting for 37.85%, followed by silicon (Si) at 11.18%, and iron (Fe) at 4.72%. Other elements such as niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), and calcium (Ca) were also detected in smaller quantities. Mineralogical analysis through X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that cassiterite (SnO₂) is the most abundant mineral phase, comprising 71% of the sample, with quartz (SiO₂) and archerite (NH₄) also present. The findings highlight the significance of removing gangue minerals, particularly quartz, to enhance the recovery of tin. The results suggest that Gidan Waya tin ore contains valuable trace elements and impurities that can influence the beneficiation process, underscoring the need for a tailored approach to processing. This study provides vital information for developing efficient and sustainable tin extraction methods, which could contribute to improved resource utilization and economic growth in Nigeria's mining sector.
Flory Ann Mansor Gingging, Hu Yujing
Ethnomusicology has traditionally focused on the study of music within its cultural and social contexts, emphasizing ethnographic investigation of musical practices and communities. In recent years, however, technological innovation and interdisciplinary research approaches have increasingly influenced the ways in which musical traditions are documented, analysed, and transmitted. This study examines the intersection between ethnomusicology and scientific innovation in relation to Chinese musical culture through a mini-review of Scopus-indexed publications published between 2020 and 2025. Using thematic analysis, nine selected studies were analysed to identify emerging research trends and interdisciplinary developments within this field. The findings reveal four primary research themes: digital innovation in ethnomusicology, technological applications in cultural heritage preservation, analytical approaches to research and innovation mapping, and transnational Chinese musical identity. The analysis demonstrates that contemporary ethnomusicology increasingly incorporates digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, virtual learning platforms, and computational analytical tools, which expand the methodological possibilities for studying musical traditions. At the same time, technological innovation has created new opportunities for safeguarding intangible cultural heritage through digital archives, immersive media technologies, and online dissemination platforms. In addition, the review highlights the growing use of bibliometric analysis and computational methods to examine research trends and innovation systems related to cultural heritage studies. Finally, studies on diaspora communities illustrate how Chinese musical traditions continue to evolve through processes of migration, cultural exchange, and global cultural interaction. Overall, the findings suggest that ethnomusicology is increasingly positioned at the intersection of cultural heritage research, digital humanities, and interdisciplinary innovation studies. By synthesizing recent literature, this study provides insights into how ethnomusicological research related to Chinese musical culture is evolving within technologically mediated and globally interconnected research environments.
Nentawe Nengak, Sunday, Samuel Kargwak, Tamunonimim, A. Ngerebo-A, Deshi
This study examined the moderating effect of capital adequacy on the relationship between ownership structure and the value of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Specifically, it investigated the direct effects of managerial ownership, foreign ownership, and institutional ownership on firm value measured by Tobin’s Q, while assessing the conditioning role of the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). The study adopted a quantitative ex post facto research design, using panel data from 12 listed deposit money banks over the period 2015–2024. Secondary data were obtained from audited annual reports and analysed using robust panel regression techniques, with appropriate diagnostic tests to address multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, and model specification. The findings revealed that managerial ownership has a positive and statistically significant effect on firm value, whereas foreign ownership has no significant effect. Institutional ownership was found to exert a significant negative influence on firm value. Although capital adequacy did not demonstrate a strong direct effect on firm value, it significantly moderated the relationship between managerial ownership and firm value, weakening its positive impact, while it did not significantly moderate the effects of foreign and institutional ownership. The study therefore recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) encourage balanced managerial equity participation to strengthen incentive alignment without fostering entrenchment; that institutional investors be subjected to strengthened stewardship and engagement requirements to enhance active governance oversight; that foreign investment frameworks prioritize strategic, long-term participation with knowledge transfer components; and that capital regulation be integrated with corporate governance reforms to ensure that prudential requirements and ownership incentives jointly enhance firm value in the Nigerian banking sector.
Nabihah Muhammad, Najihah Muhammad, Sharifah Faigah Syed Alwi
The advancement of technology has led to the increasing use of cryptocurrency, which is known for its resistance to alteration and manipulation. However, Islamic scholars hold differing opinions regarding its permissibility, some consider it lawful, while others regard it as prohibited. This pilot study explored Muslim users’ behaviour intention toward cryptocurrency by employing the Subjective Norm variable. Questionnaires were distributed via online communication platforms. Among the tested variables, subjective norm was highlighted in this study. The results indicate that the opinions of individuals valued by the respondents, as well as those close to them, recorded the highest mean scores. In conclusion, the types of cryptocurrencies held by Muslims reflect their level of interest in this digital asset. Future research should incorporate additional analyses to expand understanding in this area.
Dr. Priyanka Agarwal, Ravinder Singh
Nano-encapsulation of energetic materials represents a transformative approach to enhancing munitions safety by reducing sensitivity to external stimuli and mitigating critical operational challenges such as TNT exudation. This comprehensive literature review synthesises current research on nano-encapsulated energetic materials, examining synthesis techniques, property enhancements, and practical applications. Three principal encapsulation methods—sol-gel processing, hydrothermal synthesis, and layer-by-layer assembly—are critically evaluated for their ability to control shell thickness, composition, and morphology at the nanoscale. Experimental evidence demonstrates that nano-encapsulation significantly reduces impact, friction, and thermal sensitivity while improving shelf life and thermal stability. The review integrates a practical cost-benefit analysis comparing nano-encapsulation technology adoption versus development of new insensitive explosive fillings, revealing short-term advantages for retrofitting existing munitions. Furthermore, this technology directly supports United Nations disarmament objectives by enhancing safety during storage, transport, and demilitarisation operations. An illustrative parametric model demonstrates potential sensitivity reductions, though validation through molecular dynamics simulations and experimental studies remains necessary. This review uniquely combines technical synthesis with operational perspectives informed by field experience in munitions risk management, establishing a foundation for future research in nano-enabled energetic materials that prioritise safety, reliability and environmental sustainability.
Sagar Kumar Majhi
Inclusive education has taken a center stage in the modern educational policy systems throughout the globe with the focus on fair access to good education by all learners irrespective of their physical, sensory, intellectual and socio-economic variations. Students with disabilities (SwDs) have traditionally had a hard time attending higher education in India because of the infrastructures, social stigma, unsuccessful institutional support, and policy implementation gaps. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a radical reform agenda aimed at changing the Indian education system by ensuring accessibility, equity, and inclusivity. Inclusion of socially and educationally disadvantaged groups such as students with disabilities in tertiary education institutions is one of the key areas of concern of the policy. This paper is a critical analysis of what NEP 2020 says in the area of disability inclusion in higher education and the level to which these provisions focus on the structural and institutional barriers confronting students with disabilities.
Agnes A. Balinas, Lpt, Maed, Anthony B. Bongcales, Lpt, Maed, Bamie D. Bucog, Lpt, Maed, Cristilene Joy V. Ramirez, Lpt, Maed, Jeeve C. Bonjibon, Lpt, Maed, Patrick R. Vequilla, Lpt, Maed, Regine Phoelea Mae F. Del Carmen, Lpt, Maed, Welmark T. Bagus, Lpt, Maed
Financial governance in educational institutions has become increasingly complex due to heightened accountability demands, regulatory oversight, and the digitalization of financial systems. This study examines how school personnel in both public and private institutions experience accounting, reporting, and financial management processes within the Philippine educational context. Anchored in Institutional Theory, the research explores how coercive, normative, and mimetic pressures shape financial practices and organizational responses. Using a qualitative multiple case study design, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with administrators and finance officers in selected schools in Davao City. Thematic analysis revealed that public school personnel experience financial systems as highly procedural and compliance-driven, emphasizing strict adherence to Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE) guidelines and audit requirements. In contrast, private school personnel navigate more flexible governance structures shaped by organizational priorities and stakeholder expectations. Across both contexts, participants highlighted challenges such as workload intensification, administrative burden, and the need for adaptive strategies to sustain accountability and operational feasibility. Findings underscore the importance of balancing transparency with practical support systems, strengthening capacity-building initiatives, and fostering collaborative governance. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of financial governance as a socially embedded practice, advancing insights relevant to policy refinement, institutional resilience, and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to quality education and strong institutions.
Sajjad A. Jedi
The system of integro-differential equations (IDEs) has been utilized to model a wide range of problems in finance, control systems, viscoelasticity, engineering, and the wide-ranging applications of these equations in various fields of science. In this paper, we present efficient solvers for solving a system of high-order linear Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential equations (VFIDEs) using numerical techniques. The system of integro-differential equations is reduced to equations into a system of linear algebraic equations, and matrix inversion is employed to solve the algebraic equations. Only a small number of S-polynomials are needed to obtain a satisfactory result. The method’s error analysis is presented. Several examples are provided to demonstrate the use of the collocation approach. The numerical simulation demonstrates the dependability and efficiency of the collocation method. The proposed method is highly effective, straightforward, and well-suited for solving systems of Volterra integro-differential equations.
Oluwasegun Adeshina OLUKOYA
In this paper we introduce and study several new subclasses of analytic and univalent functions in the open unit disk defined by means of a generalized differential operator. The operator generalizes numerous differential operators which have been widely used in geometric function theory. Using standard techniques involving subordination and Carath’eodory functions, we derive comprehensive coefficient estimates, the Fekete–Szegő inequality, bounds for the second Hankel determinant, inclusion relationships, neighborhood properties, Growth and Distortion properties. The results obtained in this work generalize and unify several earlier results in the literature.
Dr. Harsh Dev Verma, Mr. Atul Gupta
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) was introduced in India with the objective of creating a unified indirect tax system under the concept of “One Nation, One Tax.” This reform aimed to remove multiple taxes, simplify compliance procedures, and improve the overall business environment. The present study examines the role of GST reforms in improving Ease of Doing Business in India using secondary data. The study is based on indicators such as Ease of Doing Business rankings, tax compliance requirements, GST registrations, and revenue trends during the pre- and post-GST period. Data have been collected from reliable secondary sources including World Bank reports, GST Council publications, Ministry of Finance reports, and RBI annual reports. Trend analysis and graphical tools have been used to analyze changes over time. The findings of the study suggest that GST has contributed to improved tax transparency, increased digital compliance, and gradual simplification of business procedures. However, challenges related to compliance complexity and system adaptation, particularly for small businesses, are also observed. The study concludes that GST reforms have positively influenced Ease of Doing Business in India, though continuous reforms and simplification measures are necessary to strengthen their long-term impact.
Azubuike Josiah Ekpunobi, Ifunanya Peace Okeke, Okafor Chiedozie Emmanuel, Onyewuchi Pascal Chibuke
Chromium selenide (CrSe) thin films was successfully deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting substrates using an electrodeposition technique. The films exhibited thicknesses ranging from 71.22–166.17 nm, with thickness increasing progressively with deposition potential due to enhanced ionic transport and accelerated film nucleation. Optical characterization revealed absorbance values between 6.16–30.39%, which increased with deposition potential and decreased with increasing wavelength. Transmittance values ranged from 49.67–88.90%, showing a reverse trend, decreasing with higher deposition potentials and increasing with wavelength. The CrSe films showed low reflectance across the UV–NIR range, with values between 5.99–19.94%, and maxima occurring in the UV region. The refractive index values ranged from 1.63–2.64, decreasing with wavelength but rising with deposition potential. Extinction coefficient values were between 9.50×10⁻² – 2.01×10⁻¹, while optical conductivity ranged from 6.42×10¹³ – 50.48×10¹³ s⁻¹.Tauc analysis revealed that the energy bandgap varied with deposition potential, ranging from 3.00–3.25 eV, confirming CrSe as a wide bandgap semiconducting material suitable for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. XRD analysis confirmed hexagonal phase CrSe, with crystallite sizes of 30.780–33.455 nm, dislocation densities of 9.050×10¹⁴ – 1.092×10¹⁵ lines/m², and microstrains of 3.09×10⁻³ – 8.46×10⁻³. SEM micrographs showed surfaces composed of tiny agglomerated particles of irregular shapes and sizes, while EDS analysis confirmed the elemental presence of chromium and selenium. These results demonstrate that electrodeposited CrSe thin films possess desirable structural and optical characteristics for use in optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and spintronic applications.
Arya Dinachandran, Prof Rameez Mohammed A.
Human activity recognition and anomaly detection play a crucial role in applications such as intelligent surveillance, healthcare monitoring, and smart environments. This study proposes a optimized multimodal framework that integrates video data and IMU sensor signals to differentiate normal and abnormal human activities efficiently. Each data stream is processed independently using optimized, low-complexity deep learning models, and predictions are combined at the decision level to enhance accuracy while avoiding the overhead of feature fusion. Model Optimization reduces memory usage, model size, and inference time, enabling deployment on edge devices such as smart cameras, smartwatches, and smartphones. The system is evaluated on various activities, including fall, driver drowsiness as well as normal activity like walk, run etc, under diverse lighting conditions, sensor placements, and environmental variations to ensure robust performance. The framework emphasizes real-time monitoring and low-latency response, providing a scalable and practical solution for continuous anomaly detection. Future work may extend the system to additional modalities and incremental learning for improved adaptability.
Dr. M.N.S. Usaini, Hussaina Usman Abubakar, Ibrahim Isa, Umar Aminu
This study optimized the beneficiation techniques of Madaka manganese ore, located in the Rafi Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria, to enhance its potential as a valuable resource for energy storage solutions in the country’s green economy. The research identified manganese oxide (MnO) as the dominant compound in the ore, comprising 48.44%, which aligns with battery-grade standards. Froth flotation experiments were conducted using varying concentrations of sodium oleate (3 g/kg, 7 g/kg, and 10 g/kg), with the highest manganese grade (65.20%) achieved at 3 g/kg, coupled with a recovery rate of 99.11%. However, higher reagent dosages resulted in decreased manganese grades and recovery, with 10 g/kg achieving the lowest recovery at 90.99%. Metallurgical accounting revealed an inverse relationship between recovery and grade, emphasizing the need for a balance to optimize the beneficiation process. 3 g/kg sodium oleate is optimal as a collector for maximizing manganese recovery and grade because, at this concentration, it efficiently enhances the flotation of manganese ore while minimizing the recovery of unwanted impurities. This dosage provides a balance between maximizing the manganese concentrate's purity and minimizing reagent consumption, making it the most effective choice for improving both recovery and grade in manganese ore beneficiation, particularly for energy storage applications. The suggestion to investigate the integration of processed manganese ore from Madaka, Niger State, into renewable energy storage systems, such as flow batteries and supercapacitors, is justified by the increasing demand for high-quality manganese in the production of energy storage technologies. Manganese plays a crucial role in enhancing the performance and efficiency of these systems, making it essential for supporting Nigeria's transition to green energy. Additionally, promoting sustainable mining practices in Nigeria’s manganese industry is vital for ensuring long-term resource availability, reducing environmental impacts, and fostering local economic growth, all of which contribute to global efforts toward a greener future.
Dr. Chris Daniel Wong, Dr. Farzana Nazera, Lim Chui Yeak
The Malaysian healthcare sector has undergone significant transformation over the past several decades, particularly through the expansion of private healthcare providers and the emergence of specialty hospitals. Organizational ecology theory provides a useful framework for understanding how healthcare organizations evolve, compete, and adapt within complex institutional environments. This article examines the proliferation of specialty hospitals in Malaysia through the lens of organizational ecology, focusing on environmental selection, organizational specialization, population dynamics, and institutional pressures. The Malaysian healthcare system consists of both public and private providers, with increasing specialization driven by technological advancements, rising demand for high-quality healthcare services, medical tourism, and demographic changes. The rapid growth of specialty hospitals has reshaped the healthcare landscape, creating both opportunities and challenges related to accessibility, cost, and healthcare equity. By analyzing institutional developments, market forces, and organizational adaptation strategies, this study demonstrates how specialty hospitals have emerged as a dominant organizational form in Malaysia’s evolving healthcare ecosystem. The article contributes to the broader literature on organizational ecology and healthcare management by highlighting the interaction between policy reforms, private sector expansion, and specialization within healthcare organizations. It also discusses future implications for healthcare governance, competition, and sustainability in Malaysia.
Dr. N. Pramod Kumar, Eunice Azyu
Orphans living in an orphanage have the right to avail education like other children. They are provided education but often lack professionals, resources, guidance and counseling, individual support, and planning for learning at the orphanage. Academic related activities at a young age are a necessary requirement to advance in education and career. Developing study habit is very essential for orphans to advance in higher education. The present study aimed to explore the academic and general activities carried out by orphans, and the challenges and issues encountered by them in an orphanage. Purposive sampling technique was employed to achieve the objectives. An observation schedule and self-structured interview with caregiver, caseworker, orphans, and teacher were used to collect information. The major findings of the study are that orphans spent time watching TV, reading books, drawing and coloring, and helping younger ones during free time. Caregiver, case worker, and teacher consider orphans need continuous support, empathy, and intervention in the form of coaching, tuition, career guidance, and motivation from capable youths to assist the orphans in their daily academic work. This will build interest and confidence in studies, leading to willingness to develop a good study habit hence resulting in success.
T. Monica Sanju
Decades of advancements in child survival could be undone by climate change, the comeback of infectious diseases, and cuts to international health financing. This article summarizes the issues facing paediatrics today and highlights areas that should be prioritized mainly Focusing on Clinical Obstacles, Global Health Issues, Issues in Paediatric Health & Policies, Future Directions for a change in current paediatric health issues 2026
Kawu Ahidjo Abdulkadiri
Background: Pedicle screw fixation is the gold standard for spinal stabilization, but outcome data from West African tertiary centres are scarce. This study evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of freehand pedicle screw fixation with post‑insertion C‑arm fluoroscopy at a major Nigerian orthopaedic hospital. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of consecutive patients who underwent thoracic or lumbar pedicle screw fixation between 1st January 2018 and 31st December 2024 at National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala, Kano, Nigeria. All screws were inserted freehand and confirmed with intraoperative C‑arm imaging. Screw accuracy was graded on postoperative CT using Gertzbein‑Robbins classification. Clinical outcomes included VAS back pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), complications, and fusion rates. Multivariate analysis identified predictors of poor functional outcome. Results: One hundred forty‑two patients had 754 screws (592 lumbar, 162 thoracic). Indications: trauma (62.0%), degenerative (18.3%), scoliosis (2.1%), others (17.6%). Overall screw accuracy (grades A/B) was 88.1%. Grade C–E breaches occurred in 11.9%, mostly lateral thoracic. The complication rate was 11.3% (dural tears 3.5%, superficial infection 2.8%, screw revision 2.1%, transient neurology 1.4%). No permanent deficits occurred. At mean 20.5 months, VAS improved from 7.5 to 3.3 (p<0.001) and ODI from 55.4 to 27.6 (p<0.001). Fusion rate was 90.8%. Screw malposition (OR 2.95) and preoperative psychological distress (OR 2.68) independently predicted poor outcome. Conclusions: Freehand pedicle screw fixation with C‑arm confirmation is safe and effective in this Nigerian tertiary centre, achieving outcomes comparable to international benchmarks. Accuracy and psychological status are key determinants of success.
Yap Jin Hin, Zhang Jianyue
Music performance has traditionally been conceptualized as the execution of musical works; however, contemporary research increasingly recognizes it as a multidimensional phenomenon encompassing cognitive, embodied, cultural, and interpretive processes. This conceptual paper critically examines how “performance” is understood across music research paradigms, highlighting fragmentation in definitions and methodological approaches. Drawing on interdisciplinary literature from musicology, psychology, education, and performance science, the paper reconceptualizes performance as a form of knowledge production rather than merely an outcome of technical execution. A four-dimensional framework is proposed, positioning performance as (1) technical execution, (2) interpretive act, (3) cultural practice, and (4) embodied knowledge. The discussion further situates these dimensions within positivist, interpretivist, and practice-based research paradigms, revealing tensions between measurable performance outcomes and experiential, context-dependent meaning-making. The paper argues that recognizing performance as knowledge can bridge disciplinary divides, inform more holistic pedagogical and assessment practices, and support emerging interdisciplinary methodologies. Implications for music education, performance evaluation, and future research directions are discussed.
Abdulkadir M., Adeyemi A. J., Akinola A.O., Akintunde M.A., Akpambang V.O.E., Lasisi I.O.
Growing instability in conventional fuel, and mounting environmental concerns have stirred up interest in renewable diesel substitutes. This study investigates the production of biodiesel from desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) seed oil through alkaline-catalyzed transesterification and statistically optimizes the process using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a Central Composite Design (CCD). The influence of catalyst concentration (0.1-0.7 wt%), reaction time (35-65 min), and methanol-to-oil molar ratio (1:1-10:1) on biodiesel yield were investigated. The extracted oil showed a saponification value of 196.98 mgKOH/g, iodine value of 7.42I2/100 g, and density of 0.904 g/cm3, indicating good suitability for biodiesel synthesis. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of the quadratic model (F=40.82, P˂0.0001), with methanol ratio and catalyst concentration identified as dominant factors. Optimal conditions (0.4 wt% catalyst,65 min reaction time, 6:1 methanol ratio) yielded 98.33% biodiesel, with strong agreement between predicted and experimental values. The findings demonstrate the technical viability of desert date oil as a sustainable non-edible biodiesel feedstock
Chigozirim Ezenwa Ndubuka, Ekanem Magdalene Emmanuel, Ernest Nwanwunweneonye Orhuebor, Ishado Stephen Ayeni, Ndor-Odok Prince Otu, Nkechi Blessing Chinedu, Omuru Uyouyouoghene Hannah, Ubong Bernard Essien, Yaqub Rasheed
Background: Petrochemicals are a severe environmental pollutant, especially in the tropical areas, where industrial and anthropogenic activities intersect in the freshwater ecosystems. Using evidence of ecological hazards and regulatory loopholes, this paper discusses the exposure, distribution, and toxicological fate of petroleum-contaminated pollutants in Lake and River Njaba and Okuta, Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) combined method was used to identify the multidimensional analysis change, and the biomarker analysis method based on bioassays was used in the study. Eight geo-referenced samples were sampled and assessed according to the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and six heavy metals. The biological toxicity in terms of acute bioassays, oxidative stress biosignals, and histopathological analysis were determined using clarias gariepinus, Daphnia magna and Chlorella vulgaris. Findings: The findings were high pollutant concentration beyond the World Health Organisation (WHO), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) standards. The Njaba River had cadmium (0.019 mg/L), lead (0.162 mg/L) and ΣPAHs (3.21 mg/kg) that were exceeded seven times the maximum. The bioassays indicated that there were acute effects (LC50 < 10 mg/L) and inhibition of oxidative stress. The results of sediment indices showed the presence of a high level of contamination (PLI > 1.5; Igeo = 46 moderate, 69 severe). Conclusion: The study characterizes the first artificial study of the risk of petroleum-based pollutants in Nigeria, which reveals synergistic toxicities and severe pollutants of the sediment.
Adejumo Samuel Olujimi, Belonwu Tochukwu Sunday, Ekwealor Oluchukwu Uzoamaka, Ezuruka Evelyn Ogochukwu
Accurate prediction of electric vehicle (EV) charging duration is essential for efficient energy management and enhanced user experience. However, variability in charging patterns, battery conditions, and operational factors makes reliable prediction challenging. While charging duration is inherently continuous, practical EV charging operations often require approximate duration ranges rather than exact times. Therefore, this study reformulates the prediction task as a classification problem by discretizing charging duration into predefined categories. A Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPN) is employed to classify EV charging durations as Low or Long. The model is trained on a real-world dataset containing 2,000 charging sessions, with relevant features such as energy consumed and temporal attributes derived from charging start times. Preprocessing steps, including normalization and feature selection, are applied to enhance model accuracy. Two optimization algorithms, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) are evaluated for their impact on model performance. Classification metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are used for evaluation. The results indicate that the MLPN model accurately classifies charging duration, with SGD achieving superior performance. The proposed approach provides a practical data-driven solution for EV charging duration prediction, supporting efficient energy utilization and improved operational planning.
Dr. Sonel Som, Dr. Ujjal Senapati, Nandita Sutradhar
In Indian society, the position of a father in maintaining the family, is very much crucial. The present research work aimed to examine the role of father absence due to migration for better economic opportunities, on the self-esteem and emotional intelligence among the adolescent girls in rural West Bengal, India. The study employed a cross-sectional quantitative design to collect the data from 1547 adolescent girls aged between 12 to 18 years across 63 schools and 4 colleges in Cooch Behar District of West Bengal, using stratified purposive sampling method. The psychological outcomes of these adolescent girls were documented using two standardized instruments namely Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire- Short Form (TEIQue-SF).
Hazel B. Mudanza, Rn
Nature and Scope of the Paper: Turnover intentions among nurses refer to their thoughts, attitudes, and plans for leaving their current nursing positions or the profession. High turnover intentions can have significant implications for healthcare organizations, as nursing turnover can be costly and disruptive. Objective or Purpose: This study aimed to find out the factors influencing job satisfaction, organizational factors, and turnover intentions among nurses in a hospital setting. Research Method: This study employed a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design. The study was conducted at a Level II hospital in Kidapawan City, which has a 100-bed capacity and employs 149 nurses. Participants included nurses who had been in service for at least six months. Results: The study found that both supportive aspects, such as work-life balance and collegiality, and dissatisfying factors, including low salary, limited recognition, career stagnation, and heavy workloads, influenced nurses’ job satisfaction. While organizational strengths included nurse-physician collaboration, concerns were raised about weak leadership and exclusion from decision-making. Although quantitative data showed no significant links between job satisfaction, organizational factors, and turnover intentions, qualitative responses revealed that dissatisfaction with pay, leadership, and growth opportunities strongly affected nurses’ desire to leave. Addressing these areas is essential to improving retention. Conclusion: The findings revealed that nurses are generally satisfied with their job and organizational environment, but they have a high intention to leave. Job satisfaction was positively influenced by supportive relationships with colleagues and training opportunities. However, dissatisfaction with salary, career growth, and recognition contributed to higher turnover intentions. The study highlighted the complex relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to improve nurse retention.
Aliyu Isa Abdullahi., Balkisu Abubakar Adamu,, Jibril Hamman Buduwara, Moneno Fyemtapwa Tadouno, Richhard Sylester Yale, Ruth Sami, Thomas Musa
Schistosomiasis affects approximately 250 million people worldwide and ranks as the second most significant parasitic disease in humans after malaria. It remains a major public health concern in Nigeria. Urinary schistosomiasis, caused by S. heamatobium, is a prevalent illness in the Kiri community. This study examined 360 fresh urine samples collected from consenting individuals in Kiri, Shelleng Local Government Area, using the sedimentation method to detect S. heamatobium eggs. Prevalence was analyzed by age, gender, occupation, water source, and location. Infection rates were highest among males (46.7%), the 51–60-year age group (54.3%), and Lazan village (60%). No significant differences were observed in prevalence by sex (p>0.05), age group, or community. Prevalence was notably higher among fishermen (47.6%) and individuals using borehole or dam water (72.2%), with significant differences by occupation and water source (p<0.05). These findings confirm that S. heamatobium is endemic in Kiri, Shelleng Local Government Area. This research study recommends government-led interventions, including chemotherapy, mass awareness campaigns by healthcare providers, and community education to avoid water-contact activities such as swimming and washing. Such measures will help curb transmission and mitigate socioeconomic and public health impacts.
Dr. Eriyo Williams, Dr. Ikemefuna Odegua Shelly, Dr. Tenibiaje Seun Victor
Background: High substance use rates among Nigerian secondary students are exacerbated by limited knowledge of risks, despite proximity to drug cultivation zones like those near Ughelli, Ifon, and Auchi. No prior data exists for Esan West LGA on students' awareness and perceptions. Aim and objective: To assess the prevalence alongside knowledge levels and attitudes toward psychoactive substances among these students. Method: 1,060 students from selected schools via multistage sampling completed a modified WHO questionnaire post-consent; data were analyzed with SPSS (p<0.05). Result: Lifetime prevalence mirrored prior findings (86.8%), with alcohol (41.2%) dominant; knowledge was moderate (65%), but positive attitudes toward "gateway" drugs like alcohol linked to peers (OR=2.5, p<0.01) and low religiosity. Males showed riskier attitudes (χ²=6.2, p=0.01); urban residence correlated with misconceptions (χ²=12.4, p<0.001). Regression confirmed peers/parents as attitude predictors. Conclusion: Gaps in knowledge fuel permissive attitudes; integrate drug education curricula and peer-led programs. Aim And Objectives Aim: To determine prevalence, knowledge, and attitudes toward psychoactive substance use among secondary school students in Esan West LGA, Edo State. Objectives: To assess prevalence of use. To evaluate knowledge of health risks and sources. To examine attitudes and their sociodemographic links.
Aliche, Chioma Linda, Nwachukwu, Chijioke Nnaemeka, Obinwa, Ezinne Prisca, Okoroafor, Clara Nneka, Okusun, Chidimma Juliana
Complementary foods are foods other than breast milk or infant formula introduced to infants to supply additional nutrients required for proper growth and development. In many developing countries, traditional complementary foods are mainly cereal-based and are often characterized by low protein quality, low energy density and high bulk. These limitations contribute to protein-energy malnutrition among infants and young children during the complementary feeding period. This study evaluated the nutritional quality of complementary food formulated from powdered akamu (fermented maize flour) fortified with Rhynchophorus phoenicis (edible palm weevil larvae) powder. Yellow maize grains were processed into powdered akamu through cleaning, steeping, fermentation, wet milling, sedimentation, drying and sieving. Fresh larvae of Rhynchophorus phoenicis were washed, fried, defatted, oven-dried, milled and stored as powder. Complementary food blends were formulated at different substitution levels of powdered akamu and R. phoenicis powder: 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20. Proximate and mineral compositions of the formulated samples were determined using standard AOAC methods, while data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that moisture content ranged from 5.84% to 6.78%, protein from 8.99% to 19.68%, fat from 5.21% to 14.45%, crude fibre from 1.85% to 2.93%, ash from 0.80% to 3.28% and carbohydrate from 53.82% to 76.38%. Mineral composition revealed calcium (87.66–101.00 mg/100 g), sodium (54.11–59.00 mg/100 g), potassium (40.02–54.28 mg/100 g) and iron (30.68–40.08 mg/100 g). Protein, fat, fibre, ash, and mineral contents increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing levels of R. phoenicis powder, while moisture and carbohydrate contents decreased. The fortified samples therefore showed improved nutritional quality compared with the control sample. The study concluded that fortification of powdered akamu with Rhynchophorus phoenicis powder significantly enhances the nutritional value of complementary foods. The incorporation of edible insects into complementary food formulations could serve as a sustainable and affordable strategy to combat protein and micronutrient malnutrition among infants in developing countries.
Bilambita Banisudha, Prantik Phukon, Shravan
Hindustani classical music can be viewed through the prism of intricate rhythm and melody, yet its fundamental quality lies in its ability to convey emotion and beauty. This study investigates how song-texts, or bandiś, serve as the main means of achieving rasa realisation. Sound serves as a medium for sophisticated emotional transmission in Hindustani music, which is essentially an artistic and expressive art form. The song text (bandiś, pada, bol) is crucial to this communication process, serving as the main factor influencing rasa-realisation and providing lyrical support. This study explores the connections between rasa, abhinaya, and aesthetic communication in Hindustani vocal music, drawing on the traditional philosophy of rasa as expounded by Abhinavagupta and expressed in Bharata's Nāṭyaśāstra. The paper argues that textual meaning, melodic elaboration, and interpretive improvisation together create a triadic aesthetic exchange among the song-text, the performer, and the listener (sahṛdaya) by analysing the structural and poetic features of song texts across genres such as Dhrupad, Dhamār, khayāl, ṭhumrī, and bhajan. To maintain the aesthetic integrity of Hindustani music, the research also emphasises the pedagogical and contemporary significance of incorporating rasa and abhinaya into performance practice. It examines how the idea of abhinaya, typically associated with dance, is essential to vocal performance. This study examines the triadic interaction among the text, the performer, and the listener (sahṛdaya). It emphasises the need for an integrated approach to preserve the art form's artistic integrity in modern practice.
Dr. B. Anitha, Kethiboina Naveen, M Sai Narasimha, Meravath Chintu
Mobility and environmental awareness remain serious challenges for visually impaired individuals navigating daily life without external assistance. Conventional aids such as white canes provide only limited ground-level protection and are incapable of detecting overhead obstacles, tracking the user's outdoor location, or notifying remote caregivers of hazards. This paper presents the design, implementation, and hardware testing of a low-cost, IoT-enabled multifunctional assistive device built around the Raspberry Pi Pico W microcontroller. The system integrates an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection up to 400 cm, an infrared proximity sensor for close range object sensing below 30 cm, a NEO-6M GPS module for real-time outdoor positioning, a 0.96-inch OLED display for local status feedback, an electromagnetic buzzer for differentiated audio alerting, a relay module for external device control, and a ULN2003-driven stepper motor and DC motor actuator subsystem for mechanical feedback. The Pico W's onboard 802.11n Wi-Fi transmits GPS coordinates and sensor states to the Thing Speak IoT cloud platform, giving caregivers real-time visibility of the user's location and device condition through a standard web browser. Firmware is written in Micro Python and developed using the Thonny IDE. Hardware testing confirms obstacle detection accuracy of 98.6%, GPS positioning accuracy of 2.3 m in open-sky conditions, Thing Speak upload latency of 1.74 seconds, and a total component cost of approximately ₹2,500, more than 96% lower than commercially available smart assistive devices.
Dr. Jayanthi R, Gururaj S N
The rapid growth of digital technologies, along with global disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic, has greatly changed traditional work setups. Organizations are moving away from centralized office models and toward hybrid work structures that blend remote and on-site work. This paper looks at how workspaces are evolving and how hybrid work arrangements help move away from the traditional office model in Human Resource Management (HRM). It uses modern HRM theories, ideas about organizational flexibility, and digital collaboration concepts to explore how hybrid work models change employee autonomy, company culture, performance management, and talent acquisition strategies. The study views the workplace as a distributed ecosystem instead of a fixed location. It highlights the importance of technology-driven collaboration, trust-based management, and flexible HR policies. It also addresses new challenges for HR professionals, such as keeping employees engaged, ensuring fair access to opportunities, managing performance evaluations for remote workers, and maintaining a strong organizational identity in distributed work settings. By combining existing research and theoretical viewpoints, the paper offers a framework that shows the changing role of the office, from being the main work site to a strategic hub for collaboration, social interaction, and innovation. This paper adds to the ongoing discussion about the future of work by redefining the purpose of workplaces in modern organizations and detailing strategic implications for HR leaders managing hybrid teams. It concludes that successful HR management in hybrid situations requires changing traditional practices to focus on flexibility, digital integration, and employee-centered workplace design.
Agbagbo Princewill, Okeke R.O, Omijeh B.O.
High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems (HIPPS) are critical safety instrumented systems used in high-risk industries to prevent over-pressurization and mitigate hazardous events. The reliability and integrity of these systems are essential for ensuring safe operation and achieving required Safety Integrity Levels (SIL). However, their performance is often compromised by design deficiencies, inadequate maintenance practices, operational errors, and the presence of Common Cause Failures (CCFs), which can simultaneously affect redundant components and significantly reduce system effectiveness. This study presents a comprehensive reliability and integrity assessment of HIPPS by incorporating Common Cause Failures using the Multiple Beta Factor (MBF) model. The research analyzed both functional performance and failure behavior of HIPPS through an advanced reliability modeling approach. A simulation model was developed in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate system performance while accounting for multiple dependent failure mechanisms. The MBF method was employed to provide a more realistic representation of CCFs by distributing failure probabilities across different failure groupings, thereby improving the accuracy of reliability predictions compared to conventional single beta-factor models. Results obtained from the simulation and analysis reveal that inadequate design processes contribute to approximately 25% increase in system failure likelihood, while poor maintenance practices account for about 35% increase in failure risk. Operational errors were found to contribute to 20% of total failures, whereas environmental factors, such as temperature extremes, resulted in a 15% increase in component degradation rates. Furthermore, the incorporation of real-time monitoring and diagnostics was shown to improve overall system reliability by reducing potential failure modes by up to 40%.The study concludes that integrating CCF considerations using the MBF model significantly enhances the accuracy of HIPPS reliability and integrity assessment. It further emphasizes that improvements in system design, implementation of robust maintenance strategies, enhanced operator training, and adoption of advanced monitoring technologies are essential for minimizing failure risks. The findings provide valuable insights for engineers and safety professionals aiming to optimize HIPPS performance, thereby contributing to safer and more efficient operation of high-pressure industrial systems.
Boris Kotey Sasraku-Neequaye, Lynda Dede Graham
Purpose: This paper provides a systematic review of restaurant management, emphasizing emerging trends, operational challenges, and strategic approaches to achieve operational excellence. The review integrates human resources, organizational culture, financial management, operational efficiency, and technology adoption. Design/Methodology/Approach: A systematic literature review was conducted covering articles published between 2015 and 2025, using Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Search terms included “restaurant management,” “operational excellence,” “human resources in restaurants,” “restaurant technology adoption,” and “restaurant financial strategies.” After duplicate removal, title/abstract screening, and full-text assessment, 85 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. The PRISMA flow diagram illustrates the review process. Findings: Key trends include digital transformation, AI and analytics adoption, customer-centric service models, and sustainability practices. Challenges include labor shortages, operational cost pressures, regulatory compliance, and evolving consumer expectations. Strategic interventions such as workforce engagement programs, SOP standardization, financial controls, and technological integration enhance operational excellence. Practical Implications: The review provides insights for restaurant managers to implement evidence-based strategies, improve service quality, optimize operations, and enhance sustainability and profitability. Originality/Value: This paper synthesizes a decade of research on restaurant management (2015–2025), providing a holistic conceptual framework for operational excellence that integrates HR, finance, operations, culture, and technology.
Dr Lillie Beth Hadebe, Moyo Lincolyn
Contemporary African education systems and teachers have received diverse criticisms. Dialogues continue in both developed and developing worlds regarding how to rethink and restructure priorities for quality education and the effectiveness of teachers. General public discourses are negative and express dissatisfaction with the current education system given unfulfilled expected functional literacy to prepare broad-minded, inventive, active citizens who possess both personal and interpersonal skills, not only literate in reading and writing. Society expects teachers and schooling to be a solution for sustainable growth. However, contemporary African education systems' capabilities and capacities to offer application-based-pedagogy for today and future utility given current African instabilities are questionable. Given such discourse predicaments the key research question to ask is: How can Africa create a successful education system of quality and substance? Through thematic inquiry of literature complimented by teaching practice supervision observations, this treatise discussed functional educational philosophy supporting multiple discourses as key to achieving quality education. Multiple discourses, underpinned by an African philosophy theoretical framework, are treated as the ability to see quality education and philosophies of education through kaleidoscopic lenses, as complementary and capable of being applied in a holistic, eclectic fashion. However, quality education and its components are inextricably linked and broad. This study focused on teacher education and pedagogy as key components of quality education, based on the argument that effective teaching is consequential, however, not a panacea in providing quality education particularly in an environment of scarce resources. Findings suggested that most African education systems should rethink priorities by shifting from theoretical-pedagogy orientation to practical-pedagogy focus. African education systems should focus on preparing learners to be inventors versus being consumers, allow learners to spend more time in the field of work than in the classroom within the context of both universal unchanging epistemologies and emerging technological trends.
Abuya, Joshua Olang’o
Doctoral education is undergoing profound transformation due to the rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies; however, this shift has introduced significant challenges related to research competence, supervision, and research integrity. Despite the growing use of AI-assisted research tools, there remains limited empirical understanding of how these technologies interact with doctoral students’ transitional (liminal) experiences and institutional support systems to influence ethical research outcomes. In particular, concerns have emerged regarding the potential for AI misuse, weakened critical thinking, and gaps in supervisory guidance, raising critical questions about how doctoral training systems can effectively sustain research quality and integrity in the digital era. This study addresses this gap by providing a rigorous empirical and theoretical examination of doctoral liminality within the context of AI and digital scholarship. Specifically, it investigates how doctoral liminality, digital research environments, AI tool usage, and supervisory support influence research competence and responsible research conduct. Adopting a quantitative cross-sectional design, data were collected from 320 doctoral students across selected universities in Kenya and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal a robust and well-fitting model with strong explanatory power (R² = 0.62 for research competence; R² = 0.55 for research integrity). AI tool usage emerged as the strongest predictor of research competence (β = 0.36, p < 0.001), followed by doctoral liminality, digital research environment, and supervisory support. Research competence, in turn, exhibited a strong positive effect on responsible research conduct (β = 0.74, p < 0.001), confirming its central role as a pathway to ethical research behavior. Furthermore, research competence significantly mediates the relationship between technological and developmental factors and research integrity, while supervisory support plays both a direct and moderating role in enhancing the effective and ethical use of AI tools. By integrating technological, institutional, and behavioral perspectives, this study advances the conceptualization of doctoral liminality in the digital era. It contributes to emerging scholarship on AI-enabled research and provides policy-relevant insights for strengthening doctoral supervision, embedding AI governance, and promoting competence-based approaches to research integrity in increasingly digitized academic environments.
Dr. Jai Pal Sharma, Neha
Aim/Purpose: This present study explored the relationship between customers’ socio-demographic factors and customers’ revisit intention in food sectors. Methodology: For the study, data was collected from 400 participants residing in Haryana, a state in India. T-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the data with the help of SPSS software. Results: The results showed that age, gender, and marital status significantly impact revisit intention whereas income, occupation, and qualification do not. The study's implications, limitations, and further scope for future researchers in the context have been discussed. Originality: The present study is among the first that links socio-demographic factors to customers' intention to revisit the food outlet.
Bright Atalor, Chinyere Ngozika Eze, Chuks Okobia, Dandy Dumbiri Nmorsi, Monday Edobor, Nkonyeasua Abanjo, Pascal Ifeanyichukwu Maduaka, Thompson Chinedum Irunkwor
Soil samples collected from communities with palm-oil processing facilities were assessed for activity concentrations of natural radionuclides to ascertain whether the industrial operations have elevated the activity concentrations of the naturally occurring radioactive materials and to examine if the human body organs radiosensitivity to the soil gamma radioactive emissions is within acceptable safety limits set by international regulatory professional bodies. Soil samples collected for the study were measured by gamma ray spectrometry using Thallium activated sodium iodide (NaI[TI]) detector. The mean activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K for the soil samples was respectively 38.35±2.44Bq/kg, 31.00±2.52Bq/kg and 525.37±2.92Bq/kg indicating that 238U and 40K are above the world average reference mean of 33Bq/kg for 238U and 420Bq/kg for 40K. 232Th values were lower than the world average reference mean of 45Bq/kg. Values of absorbed dose rates in soils at Ute-Ogbeje and Mbiri were higher than the permissible safety standard of 59ηGy/h. The mean values of radiological hazard index parameters are all below the international permissible safety standards. The sensitivity of radiation from soil radionuclides to body organs like liver, kidneys, lungs, testes and ovaries were all below the international permissible safety standards of 1.0mSv/y, but the radio-sensitivity showed a decreasing order: Testes > Lungs > Kidneys > ovaries > Liver indicating that testes have the highest radiation sensitivity while the liver have the lowest, therefore no radiological health risk from soil gamma exposure. However, the high values of 238U, 40K, absorbed dose rates and outdoor annual effective dose equivalent for some communities indicates a statistically elevated cancer probability and increased radon potential for the inhabitants. Engineering soil control, groundwater treatment and food safety, and medical surveillance oversight are recommended to address the high outdoor effective dose on community dwellers.
Dr. Lakshmi Rawat, Farisa Sultana
Accounting education is rapidly evolving due to digital and AI advancements, demanding updated teaching competencies. This study examines whether Faculty Development Programmes (FDPs) enhance teachers’ inquisitiveness toward modern accounting practices. Findings reveal limited effectiveness of current FDPs, highlighting the need for longer, practical, and skill-oriented training to improve teaching outcomes and professional readiness.
Dr. Prakash Sannakkanavar
Education programs in India have been led by carefully considered concepts in order to attain critical outcomes for advancement. Many innovative education efforts have been launched in the past, and they have all led to beneficial transformations, regardless of the complexity of execution. The emphasis has primarily been on making education generally accessible while ensuring a solid foundation at the primary level. It has been practiced to create child-friendly environments in which children can thrive and grow into well-adjusted, confident individuals. Structures that enable learners track their progress while viewing teachers as facilitators and fostering a collaborative environment are beneficial. The role of teachers has undoubtedly emerged as an important aspect in transforming the landscape of the education system and energizing it to meet the difficulties of balancing quality, accessibility, and equity. Teachers’ skill and temperament play an important role in defining educational quality and contribute to national development. The National Education Policy 2020 recognizes the teacher preparation process as requiring “multidisciplinary perspectives and knowledge, formation of dispositions and values, and development of practice under the best mentors”. As a result, it suggests mentoring as an add-on to teacher development in general.
Chiaghanam, O.I., Obi, G.C., Odunze-Akasiugwu, S.O., Ogboke, O.J.
The Jeth oilfield forms part of a group of oil fields in the coastal swamp depo-belt of the Niger Delta province that holds abundant oil, and reserves of both associated and non-associated gas. Among the key risks associated with reservoir development in the oil field are those pertaining to uncertainties of reservoir characteristics, depositional environments of the reservoirs, and reservoir continuity/and connectivity. This study adopted a sequence stratigraphic approach based on biostratigraphic/palynological data, wireline logs, and core data, to identify and characterize the reservoirs in terms of lithofacies, depositional environments, and reservoir distribution, in order to provide a framework that ensures optimum hydrocarbon production from the oilfield. Results of the analyses of wireline logs, and lithofacies data revealed that the late Middle-Miocene (Tortonian) succession penetrated in the Jeth oilfield contains five reservoir lithofacies including (i) fine to coarse grained cm-scale cross bedded sandstone (Sx), (ii) Very fine-grained mm-scale laminated sandstone (Sc), (iii) very fine-grained mm-scale laminated sandstone with clay drapes/laminae (Sl), (iv) bioturbated sandstone (Sb), (v) wavy-bedded sandy heteroliths (SMw), and (vi) bioturbated sandy heteroliths (SMb). These reservoir lithofacies cumulatively make up 60% of the succession. The non-reservoir lithofacies include (i) lens-bedded muddy heterolith (Mst), (ii) bioturbated muddy heterolith (Msb), (iii) bedded/ massive mudstone (Mb/Mm), and (iv) Sideritic-bedded mudstone (Msd). These reservoir and non-reservoir lithofacies are further grouped into five facies associations that are interpreted to have accumulated in either (i) distributary channel, (ii) tidal channel, (iii) tidal flat (iv) lagoon or (v) distributary mouth bar environments. Sequence stratigraphic analysis revealed that these deposits belong to two major 3rd-order depositional cycles dating 10.35 Ma -8.5 Ma and 8.5 Ma -6.7 Ma respectively. Each depositional cycle begins with a transgressive systems tract comprising distributary channel, tidal channel, tidal flat, and lagoon (fluvio-estuarine) deposits, and ends in a highstand systems tract (HST) composed of delta front deposit. The transgressive systems tracts (TST) contain high quality reservoir sands that hold the bulk of the total original oil in place in the Jeth oilfield, while the highstand systems tract (HST) reservoirs hold most of the less developed reserves in the field. The distribution and internal architecture of the sequences reflect the complex interplay between depositional style, sea level change and basin structures. Reservoir sands are better developed within incised valleys (TST) in the distal areas, and are less developed in the more proximal areas. These sand units grade laterally into more mud-dominated facies that possibly reflect basinward decline in clastic influx. This research thus provides a reliable framework for predicting the spatial distribution and continuity of reservoirs within the Tortonian succession in the Niger Delta, especially in areas where well coverage is poor. Production strategy in the Jeth oilfield should therefore be reviewed in line with the new knowledge of the sequence architecture and depositional environments of the reservoir sands.
Nitesh Prasad Sah
Serious adverse events (SAEs) remain a critical concern in oncology clinical trials, directly impacting patient safety and the development of new therapies. With the growing use of targeted treatments and immunotherapies, treatment-related toxicities have become more complex and less predictable than with conventional chemotherapy. Traditional reactive approaches are increasingly inadequate, necessitating proactive strategies for early identification and management of SAEs. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and predictive analytics have enabled the early detection of adverse events and the identification of high-risk patients (6,7,20). Additionally, decentralized trials and wearable technologies now allow continuous, real-world patient monitoring (16). Despite these innovations, challenges such as data quality, algorithm transparency, and evolving regulatory frameworks limit their widespread adoption. This review synthesizes current knowledge on SAE risk factors, discusses monitoring and management strategies, and highlights emerging technologies aimed at enhancing patient safety in oncology trials.
Godwin R., Lokarajesh S., Mr. R. Janarthanan, Sanjay M., Thiyagarajan R.
The complexity of cybersecurity management has greatly increased due to the quick growth of cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures, remote authentication systems, and distributed enterprise networks. Massive amounts of structured and unstructured behavioral data are produced by contemporary digital ecosystems, rendering conventional rule-based monitoring systems progressively less useful. Zero-day attacks, insider threats, and changing adversarial tactics are difficult to detect using signature-based detection and static threshold models. Additionally, a high number of false positive alerts causes alert fatigue, decreases analyst productivity, and delays incident response. In order to improve proactive cyber defense through hybrid machine learning integration, this study suggests Shadow Sentinal, a Semi-Autonomous AI-Based Intelligence Monitoring Framework. Within a layered validation framework, the suggested architecture combines Random Forest for supervised threat classification and Isolation Forest for unsupervised anomaly detection. To create dynamic risk assessments, a contextual risk scoring engine combines anomaly scores, classification probabilities, and environmental variables like device change, geolocation, and temporal irregularity. The framework strikes a balance between automation and human supervision while functioning in Semi-Autonomous Mode. Analyst validation is necessary for high-risk actions in order to avoid operational disruptions and maintain quick threat mitigation capabilities. Continuous model adaptation is made possible by a feedback-driven retraining mechanism, which eventually lowers false positives and increases precision. In comparison to conventional intrusion detection systems, the suggested hybrid architecture achieves 89–92% accuracy, 90% precision, 88% recall, and roughly 45% reduction in false positive rates, according to experimental simulations performed on 1,900 synthetic behavioral event samples. The framework creates a modular and scalable basis for the future integration of fully autonomous cyber defense mechanisms, ensemble modeling, and reinforcement learning.
Janani A.M., Janaranjani S., Kaviya M., Sri Rithika K.
The Siddha system of medicine, one of the most ancient traditional medical sciences of India, presents a comprehensive and holistic approach to disease classification known as Siddha nosology. Classical Siddha literature describes a total of 4,448 diseases categorized based on physiological, pathological, psychological, and spiritual principles. Diseases are primarily understood as manifestations of imbalance in the three humour’s-Vatham, Pitham, and Kabam-along with disturbances in the Mukkutram, influenced by environmental, dietary, behavioral, and mental factors. This literature review aims to systematically analyze the Siddha nosological framework of 4,448 diseases as documented in classical texts and to evaluate its relevance to contemporary clinical practice. Primary Siddha manuscripts such as Yugi Vaithiya Chinthamani, Agathiyar Rathina Churukkam, Naadi Nool, and Siddha Vaithiya Thirattu were reviewed along with secondary sources including CCRS manuals and published research articles. The findings highlight that Siddha nosology emphasizes etiology, humoral dominance, disease progression, prognosis, and preventive principles rather than relying solely on symptom-based diagnosis. Revisiting and systematizing Siddha disease classification can contribute significantly to integrative medicine, holistic diagnostic approaches, and preventive healthcare models.
Anuradha Kolla, Badar Shaik, Bhavana Avanigadda, Manikanta Kinjarapu
In many educational institutions, ensuring that faculty members are consistently present in classrooms remains a challenge. Traditional attendance systems are often limited to entry-level verification and fail to monitor real-time presence during lectures. This paper presents a Smart Classroom Monitoring System that uses a combination of IoT sensors and basic AI techniques to accurately detect faculty presence inside a classroom. The system combines motion detection using a PIR sensor with identity verification methods such as face detection, voice activity, and mobile device detection. A Raspberry Pi is used as the core processing unit, which collects sensor data and applies a decision-making algorithm to determine whether the faculty is present or absent. If the system detects continuous absence beyond a defined time threshold, it automatically sends an alert to the concerned authority. The proposed system is designed to work efficiently even in real-world classroom conditions where lighting, movement, and noise vary. By combining multiple detection methods, the system reduces false alerts and improves reliability. This approach provides a practical and cost-effective solution for automated classroom monitoring.
Boris Kotey Sasraku-Neequaye, Lynda Dede Graham
Purpose – This paper systematically reviews the evolution, dimensions, and operational implications of smart hospitality operations. It examines how digital transformation, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, robotics, and smart service systems are reshaping hospitality operations management. The study proposes an integrative framework linking smart technologies to operational efficiency, service quality, sustainability, and customer experience outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2005 and 2025 in leading hospitality, tourism, and operations management journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 182 articles were screened, and 96 high-quality articles were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Findings – The review identifies five core pillars of smart hospitality operations: (1) Smart Infrastructure Systems, (2) Intelligent Service Automation, (3) Data-Driven Decision-Making, (4) Smart Customer Experience Management, and (5) Sustainable Smart Operations. Findings reveal that smart technologies enhance operational agility, cost efficiency, energy management, personalization, and resilience. However, implementation challenges include cybersecurity risks, employee resistance, digital skill gaps, and high capital costs. Research limitations/implications – The review is limited to English-language peer-reviewed literature. Future empirical studies are recommended to test the proposed Smart Hospitality Operations Integration Model (SHOIM). Practical implications – Hospitality managers should adopt a phased smart transformation strategy aligned with organizational capabilities, workforce readiness, and sustainability goals. Originality/value – This paper integrates fragmented literature into a unified conceptual framework that connects smart technologies with operational performance and long-term competitiveness in hospitality.
Precious Hepzibah
Marriage and being a mother are significant life events for women in Africa because the transition to motherhood, characterized by pregnancy and childbirth, can be both exhilarating and challenging. The period of motherhood often involves emotional turmoil for mothers, especially those in urban cities like Lagos. This study explores the social, medical, and psychological assistance available to women in Lagos to alleviate Postnatal Depression (PND). The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with samples of 100 respondents, employing a semi-structured questionnaire through Google Forms sent online and distributed via different social media platforms. Questionnaires were analyzed using statistical tools of data analysis. The study focuses on mothers who are within the reproductive age of 15 years. Also, a literature review of existing research on PND and its treatment was the secondary source of data collection. This study documents the urban women's postnatal experiences in Lagos, meant to serve as a case study for future researchers in Nigeria and the rest of the world as part of the contribution to knowledge in PND treatment and support, ultimately aiming to improve the health and well-being of urban women and their families, especially in Nigeria. This study calls for concern as the awareness and synergy between health workers and urban women is lacking; based on the stigma received by urban women on postnatal depression, the depressed reproductive women population grows, and people will continue to lose their lives in silence for what have both medical and psychological solutions. The study implies that a synergy between the medical, social, and psychological fields that engage urban women during pregnancy, the rate of postnatal depression will be minimal after childbirth. Therefore, the health sector, the general public, and the government should help in creating awareness about help available for urban women in postnatal care to reduce or eradicate the level of postnatal depression in society.
Adewole, Ayodele Stephen, Akinsipe, Catherine Iyabo, Folaranmi, Olufemi Ebenezer, Gbala, Michael Olumide, Gbala, Patience, Gbala, Precious, Okurumeh, Ogheneovo Ifedayo, Olofinbiyi, Babatunde Ajayi
Background: Understanding the contraceptive history of pregnant women is crucial for addressing unmet family planning needs and improving maternal health. Objectives: This study describes the prevalence, types, and socio-demographic factors associated with contraceptive use and discontinuation among pregnant mothers in Ondo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 pregnant women attending antenatal care. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history, and contraceptive use were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires. Analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Results: The mean age of participants was 30.2 ± 6.1 years. Most were married (95.8%), Christian (80.5%), and had secondary or tertiary education (84.3%). Contraceptive prevalence before the current pregnancy was 67.3%. The most commonly used methods were oral contraceptive pills (24.0%), condoms (15.0%), and natural methods (10.8%). Side effects were experienced by 28.0% of users, with weight gain (15.3%) being the most common; 22.0% discontinued use as a result. Age was a significant predictor of use, χ2=32.85, p<0.001, and experiencing side effects. Women aged 35-44 had 3.49 times higher odds of reporting side effects compared to the 18-24 age group (95% CI: 1.23-9.91, p=0.018). Higher education and previous contraceptive use were protective against side effects. Conclusion: Despite good knowledge and relatively high contraceptive prevalence, side effects remain a major cause of discontinuation. Targeted counseling and management of side effects, especially for older and less-educated women, are essential to improving contraceptive continuation.
Benyeogor A.O, Ehigie, A.O, Iyekekpolor, M.N, Neyin F.T
This study examined the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of fish farmers and their utilization of extension services in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. The study described the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, identified their sources of fish farming information, Identify extension services utilized by fish farmers; and determine the relationship between socio-economic characteristics of fish farmers and their utilization of extension services A multistage sampling technique was used to select 119 fish farmers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while Chi-square analysis was used to test the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and extension service utilization. The results showed that 28.6% of the respondents were between 41 and 50 years old. Males constituted 52.9% of the farmers, while 53.8% were married. Most respondents (67.8%) were Christians. Only 11.8% had no formal education, while the majority had tertiary education. About 82.5% operated farms between 0 and 0.5 hectares, and 63.2% owned three ponds. The internet (80%), fellow farmers (65.5%), and extension agents (45.5%) were the major sources of information. The Chi-square results revealed that educational level, farm size, and farming experience significantly influenced the utilization of extension services. The study recommends that extension programs should target farmers with lower education levels and smaller farm sizes to improve service utilization.
Flory Ann Mansor Gingging, Lu Liang
Traditional music represents a vital component of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), reflecting the historical experiences, cultural identities, and social practices of communities. In recent years, scholars have increasingly applied spatial analytical approaches to examine how cultural heritage resources are distributed across geographic landscapes. However, existing studies on the spatial distribution of traditional music heritage remain largely fragmented across regional case studies, limiting broader conceptual understanding of the factors shaping these patterns. This study conducts a mini-review of recent empirical research examining the spatial distribution of traditional music-related intangible cultural heritage in China. Drawing on seven peer-reviewed studies employing spatial analytical methods such as geographic information systems (GIS), kernel density estimation, and spatial clustering analysis, the study synthesizes key spatial patterns and influencing factors. The review reveals that traditional music heritage demonstrates significant spatial clustering, particularly along river systems, mountainous regions, and historical cultural corridors including the Silk Road and the Grand Canal. The distribution of musical heritage is shaped by the interaction of natural geographic environments, socioeconomic conditions, and historical mobility networks. Building on this synthesis, the study develops a spatial cultural ecosystem model that reconceptualizes traditional music heritage as a dynamic system shaped by the interaction and co-evolution of environmental, socioeconomic, and historical mobility systems. Rather than treating these as isolated factors, the model advances a systems-oriented perspective that highlights feedback processes and spatial-cultural interdependencies. The findings contribute to ethnomusicology and heritage studies by offering a theoretically grounded framework for understanding the spatial dynamics, transmission, and sustainability of musical traditions.
Dr. Rimi Roy, Joydip Nandi
Agriculture is crucial for the economy in many areas of India, particularly for small farmers. This study examines the changes in farming over the past thirty years in Belacoba Gram Panchayat, Jalpaiguri. It focuses on how people have moved from traditional farming to growing tea instead. The study used information from surveys of 345 people. Analysed pictures taken by satellites to see how the land was being used. It found that there were changes in how the land was being used between 1995 and 2025. More and more land is being used to grow tea and less land is being used for farming and for plants to grow. This change has helped many farmers earn money and have a more secure life. It also raises concerns about whether this is sustainable, if people will have enough food, and if the environment can handle it. The study uses ideas about how land use changes and how people can have lives to understand what is happening. This helps us understand what is going on in areas better.
Dorothy A. Antesa, Ulymar M. Torreña
Anurans are highly sensitive amphibians that serve as important bioindicators of ecosystem health due to their permeable skin and dual life cycle. This study assessed the species composition, diversity, and conservation status of anurans in forested highlands and agroforested areas of selected barangays in Esperanza, Sultan Kudarat, Philippines. Anuran species were documented during nocturnal and diurnal period through opportunistic sampling, quadrat transects, capture–mark–release techniques and photo documentation, followed by taxonomic identification validated by experts. Anuran diversity and evenness were assessed and their endemism and conservation status. A total of seven anuran species belonging to five families were recorded across the study sites. These are Rhinella marina, Fejervarya moodiei, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, Limnonectes magnus, Kaloula pulchra, Hylarana grandocula and Polypedates leucomystax. Both agroforested areas and forested highlands exhibited low species diversity using Shannon Weiner Diversity index (H′ = 1.50 and 1.69) and Simpson’s Diversity index (D= 0.75- 0.78). Pielou’s evenness showed moderate to high evenness (0.84–0.87) in the study sites. Two species were recorded as Philippine or Mindanao endemics such as Limnonectes magnus and Hylarana grandocula. Limnonectes magnus is classified as Near Threatened. This study provides baseline data essential for biodiversity conservation in Esperanza, Sultan Kudarat.
Ayyadurai Mani, Narayanasamy Rajendiran, Poomalai Senthilraja, S. Senthilmurugan
Silver/cobalt/betamethasone/cyclodextrin nanoparticles are synthesized and characterized by UV-visible, fluorescence, FE-SEM, TEM, differential scanning colorimeter, FTIR, and XRD methods. Single emission was observed in α-CD and β-CD. Compared to the BEM/CD inclusion complex, a red or blue shifted absorption and fluorescence maximum was seen in Ag/BEM/β-CD and Ag/Co/BEM/β-CD nanoparticles. Nanoparticle size was measured by TEM-EDS and XRD methods. TEM images showed nanorods are formed in Ag/BEM/β-CD and Ag/Co/BEM/β-CD. Antibacterial activity results revealed that the Ag/BEM/β-CD and Ag/Co/BEM/β-CD nanomaterials show more antibacterial activity than isolated BEM drug. Further, BEM exhibits anticancer activity against the 2oh4 protein.
Dr. Niteen B. Tarate
The preparation of Novel heterocyclic ligand PHBO (2-Phenyl-4H-benzo[d][3,1]-oxazin-4-one) is synthesized from the condensation of anthranilic acid, benzoyl chloride and acetic anhydride. The heterocyclic classes which have drawn attention towards its synthesis because of their innumerable biological activities like antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor and anticancer activities. A new PHBO complexes derived from 2-Phenyl-4H-benzo[d] [3,1]-oxazin-4-one with Cr (III), Zn (II) ions. The metal chelates were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR, TGA-DTA, XRD, Elemental analysis and molar conductance measurements. The PHBO ligand and their metal chelates have been tested for their antimicrobial activity and anticancer activity.
Prof. Ashok N. Kotangle, Advocate
Maritime control, the sovereignty of the airspace and the military operations are considered one of the biggest and the most rapidly developing sectors of international law. The ownership and utilization of oceans and airspace have invariably taken center stage in matters of national security, economic progress and geopolitical balance due to the globalization, strategic rivalry and the swift technological enhancement. The law of the seas used to be founded on the idea of mare liberum (freedom of the seas) and it permitted to navigate freely on the seas that were located beyond the territorial waters. But as the struggle intensified among the powers over the seas and maritime national interests, this precept rapidly became a more formal legal system. The codification of maritime spaces by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 1982 was a breakthrough in maritime zone regulation as well as balancing between the sovereignty of the state and the global commons. 1 just as airspace is governed by the absolute sovereignty doctrine of the Chicago Convention, 1944, granting states the exclusive control over the airspace above its territory.2
Boris Kotey Sasraku-Neequaye, Lynda Dede Graham
Purpose: The hospitality industry operates in an increasingly dynamic and competitive global environment characterised by rapid technological advancement, globalisation, changing consumer behaviour, and evolving market structures. Within such an environment, hospitality organisations must develop effective strategies that enable them to achieve sustainable competitive advantage and long-term organisational performance. Strategic management therefore plays a critical role in guiding hospitality organisations in analysing their operating environments, allocating resources effectively, and implementing strategies that enhance competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to review existing literature on strategic management within the hospitality industry, with particular emphasis on strategic frameworks, competitive strategies, organisational capabilities, and emerging strategic trends affecting hospitality organisations. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopts a systematic literature review approach to analyse scholarly publications related to strategic management in hospitality and tourism. Relevant literature was identified from academic databases including Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald Insight, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The selected studies were analysed using thematic synthesis to identify key strategic management concepts, theoretical frameworks, and research trends within the hospitality sector. Findings: The review reveals that strategic management significantly influences organisational competitiveness and long-term performance in hospitality organisations. Strategic frameworks such as Porter’s competitive strategy model, the Resource-Based View (RBV), and dynamic capabilities theory are widely applied in hospitality research to explain competitive advantage and organisational performance. The findings also indicate that modern hospitality strategies increasingly emphasise innovation, digital transformation, sustainability, and customer-centric service differentiation. Research limitations/implications: The review primarily focuses on strategic management within hospitality accommodation establishments such as hotels and resorts. Further research is required to examine strategic management practices within other segments of the hospitality industry including restaurants, cruise operations, and event management. Practical implications: Hospitality managers should adopt systematic strategic management processes that integrate environmental analysis, strategic planning, innovation, and organisational learning. Strategic leadership and effective strategy implementation are critical for achieving organisational competitiveness and sustainability. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the hospitality management literature by synthesising existing research on strategic management and identifying emerging strategic trends relevant to hospitality organisations.
And Bright H. A, Onyeanula N. I., Ukozor, A. U. C.
Investigation of students’ fish consumption pattern (fish type preference, frequency of consumption and preservation type) of residents in five hostels of Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education (AIFUE) was done using descriptive survey. Well-structured questionnaire were administered to male and female in their hostels using random sampling method to pick respondents from as many rooms as possible. The data obtained were analysed using employing SPSS statistical software version 29.0.2.0. Results reveal that for purchase and consumption, fresh fish (32.0%) was the most with Clarias gariepinus (46.7%) and Scomber scombrus (28.0%) as fish type most preferred. Weekly consumption of fish in however form (fresh, smoked, dried, canned etc.) shows that due to cost, schedule, taste preference and health reasons, consumption is done the most at 1 -2 fishes per week (57%, 58.6%, 47.6% and 66.6% respectively), but seldom due to the fish availability (46.6%) and hardly as a consequence of peer influence (22.2%). A positive correlation was noted for availability (r-value at .139) and peer influence (r-value at .122) on the time of fish consumption while a negative correlation was seen for schedule (r-value at -.081) and taste preference (r-value at -.236). In the same vain, a negative correlation (-.113) with non-significant values (0.168c) was recorded for cost and place of purchase. School market and local market were places patronized for fish for reasons of schedule, taste preference and health reason (32.6%, 28.6% and 41.7% respectively) and (58.7%, 59.5% and 52.1% respectively). Respondents (36.7%) agreed that the availability of fish was satisfactory, on the other hand, 53.3% strongly agreed, 26.7% agreed and as few as 12.0% and 1.3% of the respondents disagreed and strongly disagreed respectively to fish being more nutritious. While 33.3% agreed to fish being their major diet, 13.3% disagreed. The challenges to fish consumption included high cost, lack of storage facilities, unpleasant smell which got percentage frequencies of 46.7%, 38.7%, 30.7% respectively and the least for fear of bones.
Dr. Debmalya Bhattacharya, Dr. Julian Oscar Dhar, Mr. Rahul Bhattacharya
In the post-industrial era, the skill sets one obtained in college or a university served one for a lifetime an engineer, designer or science graduate who picked up his skills in college could hope to tap into them throughout his career. However, over time, the shelf life of skills has declined due to the absence of a fresh curriculum. The growing gap between curriculum and market demands is a major challenge for the higher education sector today and has led to a widening skills gap in the talent entering the market. For instance, next to China, India is the largest producer of STEM graduates—2.6 million in 2016 versus China's 4.7 million. However, according to the India skills report in 2019, only 47 per cent of the available talent is employable. This is reflected in the 2019 Deloitte Deans Survey: Only 28 per cent of the deans believe that their students are industry-ready. The main challenge with the current system is that it encourages students to approach their education vocationally—to think just in terms of the jobs they're preparing for. This is a contentious issue in today's educational system across the globe where the students, who put in years of learning, are justified in expecting to be employed at the end of it. On the other hand, a sole focus on employment, diminish the focus on learning. Academic institutions have become recruiting and vocational training centres for the personnel of consumer society, certifying citizens for service, while at the same time disposing of those adjudged unfit for the race. The Indian education system needs immediate attention in rote learning, evaluation system, equal respect to all the disciplines, the introduction of technology, experiential and practice-based education.
Maduabuchi Valentine Ibe, Nwanesi Maxwell Amamonyengeze, Odinakachukwu Modestus Chukwuleta, Ohale Vinasus Williams, Verla Andrew Wrnkor, Verla Evelyn Ngozi
The increasing demand for eco-friendly and health-conscious cosmetic products has driven interest in the development of naturally derived hair-care formulations. This study focused on the green synthesis and characterization of a multifunctional organic hair cream using extracts from onion, garlic, aloe vera, turmeric, neem leaves, hibiscus flower, lemon grass, and curry leaves which are obtained using maceration method. Three 100g cream samples were obtained using varying percentage of herb organic extracts (5%, 10%, 15%). The formulated creams were subjected to physicochemical, biological, phytochemical analysis and performance evaluations including pH, viscosity, spreadability, moisture content, antimicrobial assays etc. Results indicated that only sample C (15%) was physically stable, with desirable texture, among the three samples with all the samples having pH values within the scalp’s acceptable range. The viscosity and spreadability suggested ease of application and good consistency, while the biological tests revealed mild antimicrobial and antifungal activities in sample A and B with higher antimicrobial and antifungal activities in sample C, contributing to scalp protection. Comparative hair strength improvement tests showed that the cream containing higher concentrations of the crude extract enhanced hair strength and sheen more effectively than synthetic creams. This study concludes that the use of organic ingredients such as those employed in this work should be encouraged in hair-care product development, as it provides safe, effective, and environmentally sustainable alternatives to synthetic formulations. This green approach represents a promising direction for future cosmetic innovations.
Boris Kotey Sasraku-Neequaye, Lynda Dede Graham
Purpose: This paper examines sustainable hospitality management practices, challenges, and strategic approaches in global operations, emphasizing ESG frameworks, smart tourism technologies, and post-pandemic operational strategies. Design/Methodology/Approach: A systematic literature review was conducted on 85 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2025. A structured search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and selection process were applied. The process is illustrated with a PRISMA flow diagram. Findings: The study finds that while energy efficiency, waste reduction, and community engagement are widely adopted, barriers persist in standardization, stakeholder alignment, and technology integration. Strategic approaches incorporating ESG, smart technologies, and post-pandemic resilience improve sustainability outcomes. Practical Implications: The findings provide insights for hospitality managers and policymakers seeking to implement sustainable practices, improve ESG adoption, and leverage technology for operational efficiency. Originality/Value: This paper presents a rigorous synthesis of recent literature on sustainable hospitality, integrates emerging trends such as smart tourism and post-pandemic strategies, and provides a conceptual framework for global operations.
A.O. Ebune, A.U. Atumeyi, N.M. Bello, S.O. Owalude, U.B. Eke
Biopolymer conjugates have gained significant attention in the biomedical field due to their enhanced performance, particularly for drug delivery and antimicrobial treatments. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of conjugates of cellulose and cellobiose with para-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (PABAH), employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological analysis. SEM images revealed that cellulose conjugates exhibited a rough, highly porous surface, suggesting suitability for antimicrobial applications, while the smoother, more compact surface of cellobiose conjugates indicated potential for controlled-release drug delivery systems. This research provides insights into the relationship between surface morphology, porosity, and the potential biomedical applications of these conjugates.
N. Rajendiran, P. Ramasamy, P. Senthilraja, S. Senthilmurugan
The spectral characteristics of 4,4’-diaminodiphenyl (benzidine, DADP) in various solvents, and in the presence of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at pH~3 and pH~7, were investigated using UV–visible, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence measurements, and PM3 computational methods. Ag:DADP:CD nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized by SEM, DSC, FTIR, 1H NMR and XRD techniques. Both pH conditions, DADP exhibited distinct absorption and emission shifts upon complexation with α-CD and β-CD. DADP showed a single broad emission band in all solvents, and CD solutions indicates the presence of twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) in the DADP molecule. The fluorescence lifetimes of the inclusion complexes were greater than that of free DADP. In the DADP molecule, both the vertical and horizontal bond lengths between the amino and hydroxy groups are smaller than the β-CD cavity size. SEM–EDX data confirmed the presence of 5.5% silver in the nanomaterials.
Arturo T. Fernandez, Gabriel Angelo G. Dadula
This study is qualitative phenomenological research that aims to describe and understand the lived experiences, coping mechanisms, and perspectives of non-Filipino teachers assigned to teach Filipino in public secondary schools in the Municipality of Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. Purposive sampling was used to select fourteen (14) participants, of whom seven underwent in-depth interviews and seven participated in focus group discussions. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Based on the analysis of the narratives, major challenges in teaching Filipino by non-Filipino teachers emerged, including lack of proper grammar, limited vocabulary, difficulty in pronunciation, difficulty in explaining concepts, lack of confidence in using the language, pedagogical incompatibility, and changes in classroom dynamics. In response to these challenges, various coping mechanisms were developed such as intensive preparation and research, language translation, collaborative learning, creative use of technology, use of online learning resources, and maintaining a positive outlook. Furthermore, the study demonstrated the growth of professional and cultural awareness among the participants, including the appreciation of continuous learning, the need for systemic reform in teacher assignment, and the importance of Filipino language training. The findings are a significant contribution to the promotion of inclusive and quality education, which is in line with the objective of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education).
Blessing Nmesomachi Okorie
Antenatal education provided by nurses is an essential component of quality maternal healthcare and has the potential to improve childbirth preparedness and maternal outcomes, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This review examines existing evidence on the effect of nurse-led antenatal education on women’s preparedness for childbirth, psychological readiness, and maternal and neonatal net results in relation to Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature published between 2014 and 2025 was conducted using major health and nursing databases. Findings indicate that antenatal education delivered by nurses improves women’s awareness of pregnancy and labor, reduces fear and anxiety associated with childbirth, increases confidence, and promotes positive health behaviors including facility-based delivery and early initiation of breastfeeding. However, the effectiveness of antenatal education is influenced by factors including the quality and uniformity of content, nurse training, workload, and cultural considerations. Strengthening nurse-led antenatal education through competency-based learning, continuous professional development, and supportive health policies could significantly improve maternal and neonatal end results in Owerri and similar environments.
Alifia Herizha, Iin Susilawati, Ujang Hidayat Tanuwiria
This study seeks to determine the impact of corn stover and Red Calliandra on dry matter, organic matter, and in vitro digestibility. This research employed a completely randomized design (CRD) featuring four treatments and five replicates: P1 (90% corn stover + 10% Calliandra calothyrsus), P2 (80% corn stover + 20% Calliandra calothyrsus), P3 (70% corn stover + 30% Calliandra calothyrsus), and P4 (60% corn stover + 40% Calliandra calothyrsus). We used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to look at the data and then Duncan's multiple range test to look at the results. The observed variables included dry matter, organic matter, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility. The findings indicated that the combination of corn stover and Calliandra calothyrsus significantly influenced dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility (p < 0.05), although it exerted no significant impact on dry matter and organic matter content (p > 0.05). The combination of 80% corn stover and 20% Calliandra calothyrsus (P2) produced the optimal silage, with dry matter digestibility of 54.03% and organic matter digestibility of 59.72%. Higher inclusion levels (30-40%) significantly reduced digestibility (p < 0.05) due to the anti-nutritional effects of tannins, while dry matter and organic matter content were not significantly affected (p > 0.05).
Bernadeth D. Hora
Region IV-A (CALABARZON) in the Philippines is experiencing rapid urbanization. As a result, traffic congestion is intensifying, mainly due to the rise of commercial, industrial, and residential developments. The Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA) has become crucial for evaluating transportation consequences for government and commercial projects. The research examines the challenges, effectiveness, and practical implementation of TIA in the region. Using a qualitative approach, it analyzes policy frameworks, TIA reports, and related transportation data. Several obstacles hinder TIA effectiveness: a lack of standardized regulations, inadequate traffic data, and poor collaboration between government bodies and local governments. It evaluates the external contextual and environmental risks that influence the TIA implementation, including physical infrastructure constraints, socio-political governance factors, environmental conditions, and institutional working conditions. Thus, it finds that TIA can help reduce impacts and promote sustainable planning, but its full utility is constrained by current regulations and institutional weaknesses. Therefore, the study suggests that improving traffic management and development in the region requires stronger laws, more robust traffic data methods, and greater cooperation between the public and private sectors.
Subrata Bansh, Surfiya Sultana
Human advancements and technology are changing nature to suit human demands. We are gradually losing the beauty of the environment, and even the air is becoming polluted. Breathing will become challenging for living things. The article's primary goal is to preserve nature's unique spirit and individuality while simultaneously shielding it from human abuse. In India, with its rich cultural diversity, indigenous ecological knowledge and biodiversity are intricately linked. Indigenous knowledge contributes to sustainable development by offering new models that are ecologically and socially sound. It helps in local flora and fauna management, water harvesting, agriculture, cultivation of medicinal plants, and the protection of sacred groves. Conserving biodiversity supports cultural integrity and leads to the preservation of genetic resources. During the ancient age, mankind practiced in such a way that the environment might be safe and enjoyable; they felt that the entire planet was one family. The early human civilization regarded nature as Devas, creating lifestyles in a sequence and protecting nature. We are currently dealing with a slew of environmental issues, and these issues can be mitigated by reintroducing these historical practices and ideas. Respect for nature, ecological equilibrium, and sustainability have all been highlighted in ancient Indian literature. Women had access to education and vocational training, demonstrating the progressive attitude towards gender equality, while the Vedas highlighted the value of the environment. The necessity of sustainability is demonstrated in this article in several areas, including educational methodologies, chemical evolution, water management, and environmental preservation. When individuals lend their assistance to create a sustainable India, we will be able to at Hassan tain sustainability.
Anargha A, Dr. A. Maheswari M. Com, M. Phil, Maha Srilakshmi R, Rithika R
This empirical study evaluates the financial position and operational efficiency of Mold-Masters DME India Private Limited by integrating traditional secondary financial data with primary data collected from internal stakeholders. The objective of the study is to provide a better understanding of the company’s financial strengths, identify areas for improvement, and evaluate resource management. Secondary data analysis spanning three financial years (2021–2022 to 2023–2024) reveals a robust improvement in liquidity, with the Current Ratio reaching 2.12. However, it also highlights a growing reliance on external debt, evidenced by a Debt-Equity ratio rising to 0.67. Primary data gathered from the company's financial and managerial staff corroborates these findings, indicating strong internal confidence in short-term solvency but growing caution regarding long-term leverage. The study concludes that while the firm is in a strong expansion phase, maintaining a balanced capital structure is essential for sustainable growth.
Aliaa Diyana Zamri, Linn Shelly Maw, Nyan Phone Zaw
This systematic literature review explores the impact of social business participation on university students’ development in leadership, critical thinking, and entrepreneurial motivation. Drawing from 35 peer-reviewed studies published between 2021 and 2024, the review critically examines how experiential engagement in social business initiatives cultivates essential competencies for socially responsible leadership and innovation. The analysis reveals that participation fosters transformative learning outcomes, including enhanced self-efficacy, ethical leadership, collaborative problem-solving, and opportunity recognition. Despite these positive effects, the review identifies significant gaps in the literature: a lack of longitudinal research, underrepresentation of diverse cultural and regional contexts, and limited integration of interdisciplinary frameworks. Adopting a systematic PRISMA-based methodology, the study ensures transparency in selection, inclusion, and thematic synthesis. Findings underscore the need for more nuanced, context-sensitive research and institutional strategies that embed social entrepreneurship within higher education curricula. This review contributes to advancing theory and practice at the intersection of social innovation and student development, offering implications for educators, policymakers, and university leadership globally.
Ankitkumar Changawala, Snehal Patel
The Miranda House in Margao stands as a pivotal architectural artifact, epitomizing the profound synthesis of Iberian colonial design paradigms and indigenous Konkan climatic resilience. Constructed in the mid-17th century, this double-storied estate serves as a primary text for decoding the Indo-Portuguese vernacular. This paper critically examines the architectural syntax, material culture, and socio-spatial dynamics of the residence to understand how it functioned simultaneously as a private domestic sanctuary and an orchestrated stage for social performance. Employing a qualitative, case-study-based methodology, the research integrates visual documentation, spatial analysis of sectional elevations and floor plans, and formal stylistic review of decorative elements. The findings demonstrate how structural features such as high-pitched terracotta roofs, permeable jali (lattice) fenestrations, and the central rajangan (courtyard) operate as sophisticated passive cooling mechanisms, reflecting a deep pragmatism toward the demanding tropical monsoon climate. Concurrently, the study investigates the interior spatial hierarchy and the curation of highly ornate, hybridized rosewood furniture. These elements illustrate the Goan elite's continuous negotiation of a Luso-Indian identity, effectively balancing European aesthetic aspirations and aristocratic prestige with localized craftsmanship. Ultimately, this paper argues that the Miranda House transcends its utilitarian function, serving instead as a materialized archive of colonial acculturation and a historical blueprint for sustainable, climate-responsive tropical design.
Aires Jean E. Duave, Ann Klien M. Payag-an, Bhe-J S. Limo-an, Carl Vincent Fabrica, Christine Joy D. Torres, Erika D. Vasalio, Ivar C. Carbonilla, James Lee P. Opacat, Jemvoy P. Ebrado, Joliber C. Benalon, Jonalyn J. Carciller, Rodolfo V. Carciller Jr., Sweetcel C. Abecia
This study investigated the influence of emotional intelligence (EI) on academic stress among Grade 11 HUMSS students at Lantapan National High School – Senior High School. EI was measured across five domains—self-awareness, managing emotions, motivating oneself, empathy, and social skills—using an adapted and validated questionnaire based on Goleman’s model (2016). Academic stress was assessed through a questionnaire capturing stress from schoolwork, examinations, and performance expectations. Pilot testing of both instruments indicated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .87 for EI and .84 for academic stress). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression with standardized coefficients (Beta) were employed. Findings revealed that students exhibited moderate to high EI and high academic stress. EI was inversely correlated with academic stress (p < .05), with self-motivation and social skills emerging as the strongest predictors (β = .572 and β = .518, respectively). The study highlights the importance of EI in mitigating academic stress, with recommendations for targeted school-based interventions and culturally contextualized emotional skills programs.
Wasike David
This study critically examines the emergence of a new global order and contrasts it with historical world orders—the Westphalian, Bipolar, and Unipolar systems—through the lens of international political economy (IPE). While traditional frameworks focused on state-centric hierarchies and economic asymmetries, the new global order is characterized by multipolar power distribution, technological disruption, economic interdependence, and normative contestation. The article provides a comparative analysis of power structures, economic systems, institutional frameworks, and normative dimensions, highlighting the continuities and ruptures in global governance. Findings suggest that the new global order represents a hybrid system where state and non-state actors jointly shape international politics and economics, requiring innovative multilateral governance approaches.
Anushree S., Keerthana S., M. Jeevashree, S. Mahalakshmi
The rapid growth of online platforms like Amazon, Flipkart, Meesho, Ajio significantly transformed the customer purchasing behaviour mainly among the adolescent girls. The increasing usage of smart phones and internet availability, these online shopping has become a major part of everyday life. Which influences the way adolescent girls interact with the apparel market. This survey aims to analyse the purchasing behaviour pattern of college girls towards the online or offline apparel marketing. The keynote of the research is identifying what are all the factors influences the purchasing decisions and comparing preferences between the online and offline shopping mode. Our survey was conducted among 50 college going girls, aged between 18 and 20 years within our college premises. The data was collected using a structured Google form questionnaire, which has the mix of multiple-choice question and Likert scale questions. This questionnaire was set to identify the various influence in factors, such as price, brand preferences, quality, discount, discounts, convenience, social media, influence, pure influence, and policies. The collected data further analysed to understand the preferences patterns and current trends among the adolescent girls. The findings of this research indicate that the consumers tend to purchase towards online apparel shopping compared to the offline method. The key reason for choosing the online shopping includes convenience, a wide selection, good discounts, and easy price comparison, but the shopping in the in store focuses more on trying things and making sure of quality and instant purchases. To conclude this study, we found that the college girls tend towards online site, but Store still plays a supportive role. These results can help marketers come up with the ways to blend both offline and online methods.
Aires Jean E. Duave, Althea Clair Magadan, Christine Hidalgo, Jastine Thumper Palanay, Jazia Suela, Jessabel Magyano, Joliber C. Benalon, Jonalyn J. Carciller, Liancy Jean Altomera, Mailyn Digbas, Rodolfo V. Carciller, Jr, Uziel Ann Manlupig
Parental support plays a critical role in shaping students’ academic motivation and engagement. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, this study examined the relationship between parental support and academic motivation among Grade 11 Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) students at Lantapan National High School during the School Year 2025–2026. A descriptive–correlational design was employed with 138 students selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using an adapted and validated survey instrument measuring parental support and four dimensions of academic motivation: strive, participation, willingness to work, and maintaining academic work. The instrument demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .87). Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis.Results revealed a high level of parental support (M = 3.44, SD = 1.00). Academic motivation was high in terms of strive (M = 3.89, SD = 0.94) and maintaining academic work (M = 3.80, SD = 0.88), while participation (M = 3.21, SD = 0.95) and willingness to work (M = 3.17, SD = 0.93) were moderate. Significant positive correlations were found between parental support and all motivation dimensions (r = .269–.435, p < .01). Findings suggest that parental support contributes to students’ motivation by fulfilling psychological needs for relatedness, competence, and guidance. The study highlights the importance of strengthening home–school partnerships to enhance sustained academic engagement.
Mr. J. Manikandan, Mr. K.S. Imranullah, Mr. S. Kanagaraj, Mr. S. Manikandan, Mrs. G. Bhuvana
The capacity of workers in Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) to adjust to technological advances is the main emphasis of this study. MSMEs are essential to economic growth and job creation, but workers frequently deal with issues including inadequate training, low pay, and a lack of organisational support. The study's objectives are to examine job satisfaction, skill levels, working circumstances, technical awareness, and the challenges employees encounter while adjusting to new technology. Using a structured questionnaire, 50 MSME employees provided primary data for the study, which was bolstered by secondary sources. The results show that even while the majority of workers are aware of technological advancements, there is a lack of training and skill development, which makes adaption rather challenging. The exploration comes to the conclusion that boosting employee performance and guaranteeing the long-term expansion of MSMEs require stronger training programs, skill development, and support systems.
Mr. Deepak Tomar, Mr. Harsh Mohan Sharma
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted and increased the volatility of supply networks across many industries, complicating their management. Consequently, enterprises need flexible supply chain operations and infrastructures to address fluctuating market circumstances and the environmental implications of the existing supply chain. Supply chain management (SCM) and artificial intelligence (AI) will resolve their issues, enhance their operations, and facilitate decision-making in sales, manufacturing, procurement, and logistics. AI engineers in supply chain management (SCM) are essential for enhancing corporate operations and processes via the use of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence (AI) in supply chain operations represents the future of supply chains by offering insight and transparency throughout the whole marketing, planning, and distribution continuum. This research included 100 individuals employed in various firms within the supply chain sector. The findings indicate that businesses that view the integration of AI into their supply chain management systems as straightforward are more inclined to trust in AI's potential to enhance supply chain management. Furthermore, businesses that recognize AI's substantial or total capacity to decrease supply chain costs are more likely to invest in AI technology for supply chain management.
Rabieth Shani
Purpose: This study investigates the short- and medium-term interactions between financial markets, inflation, and economic growth, aiming to identify the channels through which financial variables influence real economic activity. Methods: Using weekly data from 2010 to 2023, we employ vector autoregression (VAR) and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models to analyze the dynamic effects of stock market capitalization (SMC), stock market turnover (SMT), government bond prices (GBP), government bond yields (GBY), and inflation (INFLA) on GDP. The models capture both short-run dynamics and long-run relationships, with lags selected to account for delayed adjustment processes. Results: GDP exhibits strong persistence, with lagged output consistently exerting a positive effect. Equity market variables (SMC and SMT) positively influence GDP in the short run, whereas bond market indicators (GBP and GBY) show negligible effects. Inflation negatively impacts GDP contemporaneously, with partial adjustment in the subsequent period. The error correction mechanism indicates slow but stable convergence toward long-run equilibrium. Implications: The findings highlight equity markets as the primary channel affecting short-term growth, while bond markets play a minor role. Inflationary pressures impose temporary but meaningful drag on output, underscoring the importance of price stability. Policymakers and regulators should prioritize equity market development and sustained macroeconomic stability to support both short- and long-term economic growth.
Richard Armah, Saira Ashraf
This study explores the sociological dimensions of food identity and preferences within the context of Ghanaian cuisine. Grounded in qualitative research, including interviews, participant observation, and literature review, the study investigates how food functions as a marker of cultural identity, social status, gender roles, and religious beliefs in Ghana. The findings reveal that traditional foods such as fufu, banku, waakye, and kenkey are deeply tied to ethnic and regional identity, serving not only as daily sustenance but also as expressions of heritage and belonging. The research also highlights generational shifts in food preferences, influenced by urbanization, globalization, and modern lifestyles, particularly among younger Ghanaians. Despite the growing presence of foreign cuisines and fast food, traditional Ghanaian dishes maintain their cultural relevance, especially during festivals, family events, and religious observances. The study concludes that Ghanaian cuisine is a dynamic cultural practice that reflects both continuity and change, offering valuable insights into broader social structures and cultural negotiations. These findings contribute to the growing field of food sociology and emphasize the importance of preserving culinary heritage amid societal transformation.
Dr. Bhawana Maheshwari, Dr. Mahendra Daiya
The rapid expansion of digital commerce has led to the emergence of innovative retail business models that reshape traditional supply chains and retail operations. One such model is dropshipping, which allows retailers to sell products without maintaining inventory, relying instead on third-party suppliers to fulfill customer orders. This research paper explores the transformation of dropshipping within the digital commerce ecosystem by examining technological advancements, evolving consumer behavior, and the role of digital marketplaces. The study highlights the advantages of dropshipping, including low startup costs, operational flexibility, and global market access, while also identifying challenges such as supplier reliability, delivery delays, and intense competition. The paper concludes that technological integration and strategic supplier management are crucial for the sustainability of the dropshipping model in the evolving digital marketplace.
Ismael W. Baog, Orga C. Te, Wenefredo E. Cagape
Local higher education institutions face a persistent problem with organizational culture. This study aims to holistically understand organizational behavior in a local college in Region XI. A single-case study approach was employed to determine how visible structures, proclaimed values, and behavioral patterns lag in institutional growth and change. The primary data were collected using key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and document reviews. Findings highlight glaring issues, including procedural delays, concentration of leadership, and rigid organizational boundaries. Emergent coping strategies, such as controlled decision-making, management of informal structures, and collaborative action, were recognized as ways to mitigate institutional volatility. The study illustrates how leadership, faculty participation, and cultural context shape domain governance, professional development, and resource allocation. In higher education, it is relevant to theory for framing Schein's model concerning governance and socio-political adaptive leadership. These findings provide practical insights for administrators and policymakers seeking to strengthen governance, foster adaptive leadership, and guide future reforms in higher education institutions confronted by similar cultural challenges. Furthermore, these results can be empirically substantiated in future studies using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), regression, mediation analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM), potentially informing the development of more robust and context-sensitive organizational models.
Dr. Prof. Swapna Bhavsar, Ritika Mahajan, Ruchita Deodhar, Shubham Deshmukh
Blockchain technology provides a platform for developing secure and decentralized communication systems such as chat applications through transparent and trustless interactions across a distributed blockchain network, without the need for centralized servers. In these communication systems, smart contracts manage decentralized identities, control access permissions and validate message transactions. This ensures that the communicated data remains immutable and tamper proof. Authentication and privacy are achieved using cryptographic techniques such as hashing, digital signatures, public-private key, and encryption. Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) is commonly implemented to handle the immense amount of data generated in a chat-based communication system while still maintaining the ability to verify the data through cryptographic hashes. From a design perspective, blockchain-based chat applications offer enhanced data ownership, stronger integrity guarantees, and improved resistance to censorship and single points of failure. However, challenges related to scalability, latency, transaction costs, and usability continue to affect practical deployment. Addressing these issues is essential for enabling real-world adoption and large-scale implementation of decentralized blockchain-based communication systems.
Gail D. Abasolo, Dba, Monica M. Arcillo
This study examined the transformational leadership practices of school heads and teachers and their relationship to the implementation of parental engagement practices in selected secondary schools in the Basud District, Camarines Norte. It specifically assessed the level of transformational leadership in terms of building trust, acting with integrity, encouraging others, innovative thinking, and coaching, the level of implementation of parental engagement practices along volunteering, empowering parents, communication, attendance at parent organization meetings, and parental support, the significant relationship between transformational leadership and parental engagement, the challenges encountered in implementing parental engagement practices, and the intervention that may be proposed to enhance parental engagement. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was employed involving 189 teachers composed of Teacher I–III, Master Teachers, and Head Teachers. Data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed through weighted mean and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. Results revealed that the transformational leadership of school heads and teachers was very much practiced across all dimensions, with building trust obtaining the highest mean, while innovative thinking and coaching, though lowest, remained highly practiced. Parental engagement practices were assessed as always implemented, with communication as the most implemented and parental support as the least. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between transformational leadership and parental engagement (r = .202–.594, p < .01), indicating that stronger leadership practices are associated with higher levels of parental engagement. Respondents encountered moderately to very challenging difficulties, particularly financial constraints, parents’ competing commitments, and low participation. Based on the findings, an intervention plan was developed to address identified challenges and further strengthen and sustain parental engagement practices in the secondary schools in Basud District.
B. Akhil Reddy, B. Swathi, Bagala Keerthi Jasmine, E. Vamshi, G. Akhila, Mohammad Danish Junaith
The use of the machine-learning and deep-learning models has enabled the rapid evolution of the healthcare industry through the development of automated and correct medical diagnosis using the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The use of AI models in interpreting medical imaging, predicting illnesses, and assisting a physician in making a clinical decision is becoming more widespread. However, a vast number of high-performing AI models are black-box systems, the internal process of which is not easily understandable to human observers. This obscurity creates a lot of difficulties in such critical areas like healthcare where trust, accountability, and interpretability are essential to clinical uptake. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has become a key solution to this issue as it makes the AI models more transparent and understandable. XAI methods enable the medical proficiency to understand the reason behind AI predictability by accentuating the significant features, particular areas of medical images, or clinical signs that influence the model judgments. We discuss a clear medical diagnosis model in the context of deep-learning models and explainability algorithms like SHAP, LIME, and Grad-CAM in this paper. The suggested solution aims to provide accurate diagnostic forecasts and accountable explanations that will help healthcare providers to verify AI decisions and validate them. Explainable AI can further improve the trust in automated medical systems, improve collaboration between artificial-intelligence systems and clinicians, and promote safer and more reliable decision-making in healthcare by improving interpretability.
Dr. Smriti G. Solomon, Ms. Baby Kumary
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. They occur when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, leading to tissue damage or death. In recent years, India has witnessed a sharp rise in heart-related illnesses, making them a major public health concern. Rapid urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and the increasing prevalence of diabetes and hypertension have significantly contributed to this rise among adults.
Nilo T. Gonzaga, Rochele B. Villafuerte
This case study investigates the challenges encountered in the implementation of the Civil Service Review Program at the College of Arts and Sciences, CBSUA. Its purpose is to provide an in-depth understanding of the obstacles faced by both organizers and participants during the program. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire and analysis of program records, with participants purposively selected from students who had taken the Civil Service Examination and participated in the review program. Ethical protocols, including informed consent and confidentiality, were observed. The findings indicate that the program’s effectiveness is hindered by several challenges, including inflexible scheduling, outdated review materials, unclear communication, inconsistent participant engagement, and technical limitations. These issues disrupt the delivery of a structured and supportive review experience, limiting the program’s capacity to fully prepare examinees. The study highlights the importance of addressing these challenges to enhance the program’s implementation and ensure more effective preparation for Civil Service candidates. The insights gained provide practical recommendations for organizers to improve program delivery and support examinee success.
Dr. Ajeesh Kumar, T. Suneel Kumar
This research study, which is both conceptual and design-oriented, contends that the incorporation of gamified activity-based learning (GABL) rooted in heutagogical principles can transform classroom dynamics from a teacher-centered transmission model to a learner-centered capability development approach. This paper, grounded in heutagogy (self-determined learning), self-determination theory, and gamification literature, (1) delineates a theoretical framework that aligns heutagogical constructs (autonomy, capability, double-loop learning, reflection) with gamified activity design; (2) proposes a design-based research (DBR) intervention for language and classroom environments; and (3) details data collection and analysis strategies, expected outcomes, and practical implications. The method emphasizes learner autonomy, collaborative evaluation, continuous reflection, and contextual game components to promote enduring engagement, metacognition, and transferable skills. The implications for teacher education, curriculum development, and future empirical research are examined.
Mgbeafulike Ike J., Okonkwo Kingsley Chizoba, Prof. Okeke, Ogochukwu C.
The explosion of user-generated content on platforms such as social media and review sites has created a wealth of data that businesses can leverage to understand consumer sentiment. This paper explores the integration of sentiment analysis and knowledge discovery systems to enhance real-time product evaluation. By utilizing advanced machine learning techniques, particularly Naïve Bayes and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), the proposed system aims to provide deeper insights into customer feedback and improve decision-making processes in businesses. The findings suggest that the hybrid model significantly enhances accuracy and responsiveness in product evaluations, ultimately leading to better customer satisfaction and competitive advantage.
Data Aluye-Benibo, Diepreye Okodoko, Helen Idubamo Wankasi
Telehealth has become an important strategy for improving healthcare access among elderly populations, particularly in rural communities where healthcare resources are limited. This article examines the various forms of telehealth services used in the management of elderly patients in selected communities of Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State. The paper discusses telehealth modalities such as video consultations, remote patient monitoring, mobile health applications, online medical consultations, digital medication reminders, and hybrid care models. Findings indicate that telehealth services enhance access to healthcare, improve chronic disease management, and promote continuity of care among elderly patients. However, challenges such as poor internet connectivity, limited digital literacy, and unstable power supply remain significant barriers to effective implementation. Strengthening telehealth infrastructure and promoting digital health education are essential for optimizing elderly care in rural settings.
Jeric C. Biol, Jhun Rey A. Vistal
Swine wastewater, particularly from backyard production systems, represents a significant environmental challenge due to its high concentrations of organic matter, nutrients, and microbial contaminants. In many developing regions, including the Philippines, small-scale swine farmers often lack access to efficient and affordable wastewater treatment systems, leading to the discharge of untreated effluents into the environment. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the application of Vertical Helophyte Filtration Systems (VHFS) as a sustainable, nature-based solution for treating swine wastewater. VHFS integrates physical, chemical, and biological processes through the use of filter media, microbial communities, and helophytic plants to reduce pollutant loads. Particular emphasis is given to the role of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides), which has demonstrated strong phytoremediation potential due to its extensive root system, high tolerance to environmental stress, and capacity for nutrient uptake and contaminant stabilization. Evidence from existing studies indicates that vetiver-based filtration systems can achieve substantial reductions in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients, suspended solids, and selected emerging contaminants. Additionally, treated effluent may be reused for agricultural purposes, contributing to improved water use efficiency and reduced freshwater demand. Despite these advantages, system performance is influenced by factors such as substrate composition, hydraulic retention time, plant density, and pollutant loading, highlighting the need for site-specific optimization. This review underscores the potential of vetiver-based VHFS as a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable wastewater management approach for backyard swine production, while also identifying key research gaps and opportunities for system improvement and wider adoption.
Aren Kate H. Mejia, Ernest D. Padiwan, Karl Matthew M. Pinzon, Mark Justine V. Corbilla, Mel Andrew L. Gamelde
Preservation of culture is vital in maintaining a community’s identity and traditions. This study explores the role of traditional Inabel weaving in sustaining the rich cultural heritage of Bangar townsfolk in Ilocos Region and examines the difficulties faced by weavers in keeping their tradition alive. Inabel, a handwoven textile known for its intricate designs and durability, has been an essential part of Ilocano life for centuries. However, the increasing influence of modernization, globalization, and economic struggles has led to a decline in traditional weaving practices. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research investigates the historical and cultural significance of Inabel, the socio-economic challenges affecting its sustainability, and the various preservation efforts undertaken by local communities, government agencies, and cultural organizations. Data collection methods include key informant interviews (KII) with Inabel weavers, business owners, and cultural advocates, as well as site observations. Thematic analysis and triangulation were used. Findings reveal that traditional Inabel weaving continues to be an important symbol of Ilocano heritage, revealing the connection to ancestral roots, social cohesion, cultural identity, economic benefits, boosting local pride, and transmitter of culture. The industry faces significant obstacles such as the dwindling number of skilled artisans, lack of youth interest, and competition from mass-produced textiles. However, efforts such as government support, cultural tourism, product innovation, and international marketing have contributed to sustaining the craft. The study concludes that Inabel weaving remains a valuable cultural and economic asset, but interventions are necessary to ensure its long-term sustainability. Integrating Inabel weaving into educational programs, providing financial incentives for weavers, and strengthening marketing strategies to promote Inabel products globally through NGO and GOs are imperative to foster deeper appreciation of this traditional Inabel industry.
Dr Tauseef Fatima, Sheeraz Ahmed
This research paper examines the phenomenon of women-led homestays in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, India, as a sustainable tourism model contributing to rural women’s empowerment and community development. Drawing on qualitative documentary analysis and case studies from across Kumaon, the study explores how women entrepreneurs navigate traditional gender roles while leveraging hospitality skills and local cultural heritage. The research employs a feminist care ethics framework to analyse the gender-specific challenges and opportunities facing women homestay entrepreneurs. Findings reveal that women-led homestays generate significant economic benefits, enhance social agency, and contribute to cultural preservation and environmental stewardship. However, persistent barriers include the “motherhood penalty,” gender-based divisions of entrepreneurial labour, and deep-rooted social conditioning. The study contributes to feminist tourism scholarship and offers practical insights for policymakers seeking to develop inclusive, sustainable tourism initiatives in mountain communities.
Dr. Thasni T, Hiba Tasnim
Pneumonia remains the leading infectious cause of death in children under five, claiming over one million lives annually, with diagnostic delays in low-resource settings often exacerbated by rotated, flipped, or poorly aligned chest X-rays acquired from restless infants. Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and standard Vision Transformers (ViTs) have driven automated detection accuracies beyond 95% on benchmark datasets, their performance degrades significantly in real-world pediatric imaging due to limited geometric invariance and lack of clinical interpretability. This survey reviews advances reported recent years in deep learning approaches for pediatric pneumonia detection from chest X-rays, covering CNN-based hi- erarchies, global-context Vision Transformers, multimodal fusion with clinical markers, emerging equivariant transformer designs, and explainable AI techniques. Despite substantial progress in accuracy and sensitivity, persistent challenges include orienta- tion sensitivity, reliance on heavy data augmentation or non- imaging inputs, post-hoc interpretability, and limited standalone deployment in resource-constrained environments. The analy- sis highlights the need for geometrically robust, intrinsically interpretable, and clinically deployable models to bridge the gap between benchmark performance and reliable real-world pediatric screening.