265 Articles
Dr. Priyanka Pandey, Preeti Sahu
Digital platforms like LinkedIn transfigure green human resource management (GHRM) by enabling sustainable reclamation, training, and hand engagement. This paper examines LinkedIn’s specific benefactions, drawing on its networking features to promote eco-friendly HR practices. Findings punctuate reduced paper operation and enhanced sustainability mindfulness. The rapid-fire advancement of digital technologies has significantly converted the way associations manage their mortal coffers. Traditional HRM practices similar as reclamation, training, performance operation, and hand engagement — are decreasingly being readdressed through the relinquishment of digital platforms. Among these platforms, LinkedIn has surfaced as a leading professional networking point, enabling associations to connect with gift pools, enhance employer branding, and streamline HR processes. With its expansive global stoner base, LinkedIn serves not only as a reclamation tool but also as a medium for knowledge sharing, professional development, and commercial communication. As associations move towards data- driven and sustainable HRM practices, LinkedIn provides practicable perceptivity through analytics and AI- driven features, thereby impacting strategic decision- making in HR. Studying LinkedIn’s part offers precious perspectives on how digital platforms reshape HRM practices. Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices are gaining fame for integrating environmental enterprises into HR functions. This study explores the part of digital platforms — specifically LinkedIn — in shaping and promoting GHRM practices. Through a qualitative case study approach, the exploration analyses how LinkedIn serves as a catalyst for knowledge sharing, professional networking, green employer branding, and the spreading ideas of eco-conscious HR strategies. Data gathered from LinkedIn content, company runners, and professional conversations reveal that the platform plays a significant part in shaping comprehensions, impacting green organizational culture, and supporting the relinquishment of sustainable HR enterprise. The study highlights LinkedIn’ eventuality not only as a reclamation and branding tool but also as an enabler of environmentally responsible operation practices across diligence. Sustainability lawyers and associations seeking to align digital engagement with their terrain. Using a qualitative case study approach, LinkedIn content, company runners, and professional relations were anatomized to explore how the platform supports green employer branding, knowledge spreading ideas, and the development of sustainable HR strategies. Findings reveal that LinkedIn facilitates the visibility of environmentally conscious associations, encourages professional dialogue on sustainability, and fosters networks that promote GHRM inventions. The platform acts not only as a reclamation and branding tool but also as a space where environmental and HR discussion on a common point. By pressing LinkedIn’s influence on the prolixity of green HR practices, this study contributes to arising literature on digital metamorphosis in HRM and underscores the strategic value of social media in advancing sustainability dockets within associations. KEYWORDS- Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), Sustainable HR practices, Green reclamation, Green training, Digital platforms, LinkedIn, Social media in HRM, Digital sustainability, Green organizational culture, Commercial sustainability
R.Varalakshmi M.com., M. Phil., SET., Ph.D
The Indian automotive industry is highly competitive, with customers expecting top-notch quality, comfort, and value for money. This study explores the gap between customer expectations and satisfaction levels among four wheeler owners in Chennai. A survey-based approach was used to gather data on customer perceptions and expectations, focusing on attributes like appearance, comfort, cost, and technology. The findings reveal a significant gap between what customers expect and what they actually get, highlighting the challenges faced by manufacturers in meeting customer demands. The study concludes that comfort, convenience, and affordability are key areas where four wheeler manufacturers need to focus to bridge the expectation-satisfaction gap.
Alakija, T.O., Amusa, S.O., Fadiji, A.A., Ganiyu, Y.A., James, T.D., Karokatose, G.B.
Nigeria's population reached an estimated 200 million by 2019 according to the National Population Commission, ranking it seventh globally and posing challenges for resources and infrastructure. This study examines demographic influences on population growth applying World Development Indicators data (1973-2022) using hierarchical multiple regression in three steps. Results showed that Model 1 (net migration only) was significant (R² = .190, p < .01), with migration positively predicting growth. Model 2 added death rate (R² = .196, ΔR² = .006, p > .05), showing no significant improvement; migration stayed significant, but death rate did not. Model 3 included fertility rate, yielding substantial gains (R² = .761, ΔR² = .565, p < .001). Fertility was the strongest positive predictor (p < .001), death rate a significant negative one (p < .001), and migration remained positive. These align with demographic transition theory, emphasizing fertility's dominance in developing nations amid high fertility and declining mortality. Overall, the hierarchical structure of the models demonstrates that although net migration has a consistent positive influence on population growth, the inclusion of fertility rate significantly enhances the model, highlighting its dominant role. The negative effect of death rate in the final model further confirms reductions in mortality contribute to population expansion when fertility levels remain high.
Gouri R. Patole, Pranali R. Ohol, Shivani M. Mandake, Shraddha S. Jadhav, Sushama S. Patil
Obesity has become a major global health concern, gradually surpassing malnutrition and infectious diseases as a leading cause of poor health outcomes. It is strongly associated with several chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, certain types of cancers, and respiratory disorders. In Ayurvedic medicine, natural formulations have been widely explored for managing obesity. One such formulation described in the classical text Rasaratna Samuccaya includes a decoction prepared from Triphala—a combination of Amla, Haritaki, and Bibhitaki—along with Guggulu. The present review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this herbal formulation in the management of obesity. Relevant information was collected from classical Ayurvedic scriptures, modern scientific literature, and previously published research studies. A comprehensive literature review was conducted focusing on the selected herbs and their properties, particularly analyzing them through the Ayurvedic concept of Pancha Padārtha (five fundamental attributes of a substance). The analysis indicates that this herbal combination possesses significant anti-obesity potential due to its compatibility with properties such as Lēkhana (scraping action) and Shōshana (absorptive action), which are beneficial in reducing excess fat and balancing Kapha (Shleshma) dosha. Furthermore, multiple studies support the lipid-lowering and metabolism-enhancing effects of these ingredients, contributing to weight management. Based on both classical references and modern research evidence, the reviewed herbal formulation demonstrates promising efficacy in the treatment of obesity.
Mr. Bharat Bhushan Dagur, Saqib Rafiq Khan
Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis is critical for timely intervention, especially within the narrow therapeutic window. Non-contrast CT has limited sensitivity in early detection. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) offers superior early diagnostic capability. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical role of diffusion-weighted MRI in detecting acute ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 50–100 patients presenting with clinical features of acute ischemic stroke. MRI, including DWI and ADC mapping, was performed within 24 hours of symptom onset, findings were compared with non-contrast CT where available. Results: DWI MRI detected acute infarcts in the majority of cases, including those with normal CT findings. Hyperintense signals on DWI with corresponding hypointensity on ADC maps confirmed restricted diffusion. The middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory was most commonly involved (42%). DWI showed significantly higher sensitivity (96%) compared to CT (28%). Conclusion: DWI MRI is a highly sensitive and reliable imaging modality for early detection of acute ischemic stroke and should be routinely used when available.
Chetan Panditkar, Shailesh Jaiswal
This project focuses on the measurement and analysis of multi-gases such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), alcohol (ethanol), benzene, and ammonia using a low-cost gas detection system based on Arduino. The main aim is to develop an affordable and easy-to-use system that can monitor harmful gases in the environment. In this system, MQ135 gas sensor is connected to an Arduino microcontroller to detect the presence and concentration of gases. The sensor sends data to the Arduino, which processes the information and displays the results. The device is tested using gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂), alcohol (ethanol), benzene, and ammonia to check its performance and accuracy. The results show that the system can successfully detect these gases and provide useful information about their levels. The proposed system is low-cost, simple to build, portable device and suitable for use in homes, industries, and laboratories. It can help improve safety by providing early warning of harmful gases. This project demonstrates an effective way to monitor air quality using basic electronics and programming.
Patole Sunaina Edward, Saravanabavani
Introduction and Background: Healthy habits physical health play pivotal role, according to CDC recommended physical health habits for school going children are aerobic, muscle strengthening and bone strengthening. Physical health habits help to prevent many diseases like heart disease, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis and obesity. Physical inactivity leads to many consequences like energy imbalance, increase risk for cardiovascular diseases and increased risk for cancers. Objectives: 1) To assess the knowledge regarding healthy habits among school going children before and after interventions 2. To assess the practice regarding healthy habits among school going children before and after interventions 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of snake and ladder game on knowledge and practice regarding healthy habits among school going children. 4. To assess the relation between knowledge and practice of healthy habits among school going children 5. To find the association between selected demographic variables and pretest level of knowledge scores on healthy habits among school going children. 6. To find the association between selected demographic variables and pretest level of practice scores on healthy habits among school going children. Methodology: The research methodology adopted for the study was quantitative research approach. The investigator used pre-experimental one group pretest post-test design. The setting for the study was selected schools of Pune city. Accessible population selected for this study consisted, school going children from 10 to 12 years of age in selected schools and who are available during the course of the study. Sample size was 100 school going children aged from 10 to 12 years with Simple random sampling technique then sampling as per the inclusion criteria from the selected schools. Results: The pre-test mean score is 8.41 along with 1.96 SD. In post-test mean score is 11.1 mean score along with 1.14 SD. DF is 99, t value is 12.88 and p value is 0.00001 which shows a strong significant effectiveness of snake and ladder XI game on knowledge regarding healthy habits in school going children, the pre-test mean score was 24.89 along with 3.47 SD. In posttest mean score was 26.30 along with 2.00 SD. DF was 99, t value 4.49 with 0.00002 P value which shows a strong significant effectiveness of snake and ladder game on practices regarding healthy habits in school going children. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that the school going children had adequate knowledge regarding knowledge and practice on healthy habits. The study found that school going children have a good knowledge of healthy habits, but their practice of these habits is not always consistent. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the knowledge and practice of healthy habits in school going children.
Dr. A. S. Yadav, Indraja Rajendra Patil, Prajwal Mansing Yadav, Rucha Ranjit Chavan, Sahil Krishnat Patil, Soundrya Dipak Patil
This paper presents EduLife, an inclusive digital learning platform designed for specially able students. It inte- grates accessibility tools such as screen readers, subtitles, sign language modules, gamified learning, and voice navigation. The system architecture provides role-based accessibility for visual, hearing, cognitive, and mobility impairments. Developed using React.js, Node.js, and MongoDB, EduLife enhances equitable learning and aligns with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal of “Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education.”
Bhaghyashri Vishwanath Naik, Dr. Bishnupriya Mohanty MD, PhD
Cancer is widely observed across the globe and it's therapy uses different treatments which include Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy and recently Immunotherapy. It is either given alone or in combination, for treating cancer patients. The utility of each therapy depends upon the type of cancer, grade and stage. Chemotherapy employs diverse drugs to target cancer cells and Radiotherapy uses energy beams for targeting cancer cells. Patients receiving Chemotherapy and Radiation therapy commonly develop clinical manifestations including persistent fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, altered bowel habits, and significant weight loss. The substantial burden of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy- induced toxicities necessitates the exploration of safe, economical and immunomodulatory supportive therapies. In Ayurveda, Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) is described as Classical Rasayan drug. It is also Tridoshahara, Jwaraghna and Balya posseses proven immunomodulatory, antioxidant and adaptogenic properties. This case study evaluates the supportive role of Guduchi in reducing chemotherapy and radiation therapy induced adverse effects in Cancer patient. Administration of Guduchi Kwatha (decoction) for 1&½ year showed marked improvement in appetite, fatigue, hematological parameters, immune status and overall quality of life. This study suggests that Guduchi can serve as safe and effective adjuvant therapy alongside conventional oncological treatment.
Mary Oyungu, Miriam Muga, Phyllis Waruguru
Dietary diversification is essential for optimal child nutrition, particularly in regions facing food insecurity like Kajiado County, Kenya. This study examined the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of mothers and evaluated the effectiveness of a nutrition education intervention on dietary diversity among caregivers of children aged 6–59 months in both rural and urban areas of Kajiado Central. The intervention was guided by Social Cognitive Theory, targeting children’s skills and confidence to eat healthy foods. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving 294 participants equally drawn from rural and urban settings. Caregivers received structured nutrition education, and changes in their nutrition knowledge and children's dietary diversity scores (DDS) were measured pre- and post-intervention. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS Version 26, while qualitative insights from focus group discussions were thematically analyzed. The majority of caregivers were female (98.6%), with notable differences in age, marital status, household size, and income between rural and urban areas. While both groups demonstrated high levels of education and nutrition knowledge, dietary diversity remained low, particularly in rural areas. Post-intervention, urban caregivers showed a statistically significant improvement in dietary diversity (mean DDS increase from 5.15 to 6.35, p = 0.002), while rural improvements were marginal and not statistically significant (mean DDS increase from 3.15 to 3.45, p = 0.074). Qualitative findings revealed cultural beliefs, limited market access, and male-dominated decision-making as key barriers in rural settings, whereas urban caregivers cited financial constraints and time limitations. The study concludes that while nutrition education improves knowledge, its effectiveness on behavior change is contingent on addressing structural, economic, and cultural barriers. A multifaceted, context-specific approach is recommended to sustainably enhance dietary practices.
Dr. Het Trivedi, Mrs. Komal Shukla
Supervised learning remains the backbone of predictive analytics. However, the decision to treat a target variable as continuous (Regression) or categorical (Classification) significantly alters model behavior and utility. This paper provides an exhaustive comparison of five classification and five regression techniques. Using the Wine Quality Dataset, we apply identical feature engineering to both paradigms. We measure performance through Mean Squared Error ($MSE$), $R^2$, Accuracy, and F1-Score. The results demonstrate that ensemble methods, specifically Random Forest and XGBoost, consistently outperform linear and kernel-based models, though classification provides a more robust framework for noisy data environments.
Dr. Uday A. Deokate, Lalit Bhoye, Mujawar Alphiya, Muskan Mulla, Punase Vaishnavi, Sapate Ruturaj
Imeglimin Hydrochloride is a novel oral antidiabetic agent used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by its unique mechanism of action targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics. The increasing therapeutic significance of Imeglimin necessitates the development of robust, accurate, and reliable analytical methods for its identification, quantification, and quality control in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. This comprehensive review focuses on the various analytical techniques developed for the estimation of Imeglimin Hydrochloride, including spectroscopic methods such as UV–Visible spectrophotometry and advanced chromatographic techniques like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC– MS). Emphasis is placed on method development strategies, including selection of solvents, mobile phase optimization, detection wavelength, and column characteristics to achieve optimal sensitivity and specificity.
Aravindh S., Barath Nithish K., Chan Begam A., Gnanasekar N., Mouli S., Rajalingam D., Senthilkumar V.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, representing a major public health challenge in both developed and developing nations. The increasing prevalence of CVD is strongly associated with rapid urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy dietary habits, and an aging population. This review provides a comprehensive and updated overview of cardiovascular diseases, focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, current treatment modalities, emerging therapeutic strategies, and recent clinical trial evidence. The pathogenesis of CVD is multifactorial, involving endothelial dysfunction, lipid accumulation, chronic inflammation, and thrombogenesis, ultimately leading to atherosclerosis and its complications. Conventional pharmacological interventions, including antihypertensive agents, lipid-lowering drugs, antiplatelet agents, and anticoagulants, remain the cornerstone of management. However, novel therapeutic approaches such as PCSK9 inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and gene-based therapies have demonstrated significant clinical benefits in recent studies. Additionally, advancements in artificial intelligence and precision medicine are revolutionizing early diagnosis and individualized treatment strategies. This review aims to highlight recent developments and provide insights into future directions for effective prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases.
Dr Ashish C Zanwar, Dr. Vaibhav Prashant Jaybhaye
Background: Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune spondyloarthropathy characterized by axial inflammation and potential bony ankylosis. Despite the efficacy of modern biological, challenges regarding cost, accessibility, and long-term safety persist. This review systematically evaluates the role of Ayurvedic interventions—focusing on Panchakarma and herbo-mineral formulations—in managing AS symptoms and slowing radiological progression. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, AYUSH Research Portal, and Google Scholar) was conducted for studies published between 2010 and 2026. Inclusion criteria focused on clinical trials and case series evaluating Ayurvedic protocols, specifically those utilizing the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and Functional Index (BASFI) as primary outcome measures. Results: Synthesis of the literature indicates that multi-modal Ayurvedic therapy—comprising Deepana-Pachana (metabolic regulation), Virechana (purgation), and Vaitarana Basti (medicated enema)—leads to a statistically significant reduction in BASDAI scores (ranging from 30% to 50% improvement). Evidence suggests that Guggulu-based formulations and Boswellia serrata act as potent NF-κB and 5-LOX inhibitors, providing a biochemical basis for reduced synovial inflammation. Furthermore, integrated protocols were associated with improved spinal mobility and a reduction in the required dosage of conventional NSAIDs. Conclusion: Ayurveda offers a comprehensive, disease-modifying approach to Ankylosing Spondylitis by addressing the "Gut-Joint Axis" and systemic Vata imbalance. While current clinical data is promising, standardized large-scale Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are essential to establish Ayurveda as a primary or adjunctive standard of care in global rheumatology.
Adejimi Alaba O., Alabi Orobosade A., Falana Olorunjube J., Olowofeso Elizabeth O.
The presence of diseases in Zea Mays (Maize) pose a big threat to food security. This could cause big losses in output to farmers, hence subjecting them to economic burdens. Traditional methods for identifying maize diseases depend on skilled visual identification and expertise, which are not very effective and can lead to wrong diagnosis. This study hereby proposes an effective deep learning approach for the automated identification of foliar diseases in maize plants. The study specifically utilized Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), incorporating two pre-trained models: EfficientNet and VGG16. Varied dataset comprising images of maize leaves afflicted with several foliar diseases were ensembled to train and test the CNN models. EfficientNet and VGG16 were pretrained models that were fine-tuned to work better for the specific goal of finding the diseases in maize. The experimental findings showed that both VGG16 and EfficientNet demonstrated promising performance, while VGG16 remains a robust baseline with 91% accuracy, the structural efficiency of EfficientNet (96% accuracy) provides a more viable solution for deployment in mobile devices for real-time agricultural diagnosis. The higher accuracy of EfficientNet suggests its suitability for this specific agricultural application and indicates the effectiveness of CNN models in accurately identifying foliar diseases in maize.
Wiston Mbhazima Baloyi
The ever-growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has enormously transformed global public services. Even though these cutting-edge technologies have been applauded for their improved operational efficiency, streamlined processes, and enhanced productivity, they have been prone to issues, such as ethical concerns and regulatory frameworks, which usually hinder their full realization. The primary objective of this paper is to critically probe the nexus between AI and service delivery in South Africa. Underpinned by a constructivist philosophy, this paper employs a qualitative approach, utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) as the methodological choice. The findings reveal that, despite strides to revolutionize service delivery through AI-enabled technologies, South Africa still lags in realizing the full benefits AI offers. By implication, impediments such as infrastructural deficit, ethical issues (e.g., data privacy, security, and accountability), and the regulatory framework appear to be stumbling blocks to AI. This paper advocates for the urgent development and implementation of legislative and regulatory frameworks governing AI to thrive in the increasingly turbulent and erratic digital landscape. Policymakers, practitioners and decision-makers can find the impact of this paper fundamental to the formulation of AI policy and strategy. The paper contributes to academic discourse by developing a conceptual model derived from the findings.
Dr. N. Venkateswaran, Ms. L. Pooja Rosary
Cloud vendor payment management plays a critical role in controlling organizational costs and ensuring financial efficiency in technology-driven companies. This study aims to analyze the cloud vendor payment process and its impact on cost optimization.The research adopts an analytical approach using secondary data collected from internal company records, vendor payment reports, and financial documents. Various financial and analytical tools such as cost structure analysis, trend analysis, CAGR analysis, Pareto (cost concentration) analysis, budget vs actual variance analysis, scenario-based cost optimization, and cost efficiency ratio analysis were applied.
Fungai Hwacha, Tavengwa Norman
Zimbabwe ranks among the most flood-prone countries in Southern Africa; however, its existing flood warning systems lack adequate coverage and depend on insufficiently advanced technologies. In this study, we propose an applicable deep learning-based framework combining several sources of satellite, topographic, and in-situ data that would facilitate flood predictions and early warning systems implementation in three Zimbabwean catchments, the Save, Manyame, and Mazowe. Seven models were created and evaluated in this study; one of them, hybrid CNN-LSTM model, demonstrated better performance results with 95.9% accuracy, F1-score of 95.0%, and AUC-ROC of 0.981 for the independent test set. In addition, spatial cross-validation was applied to prove the generalization capacity of the proposed model. According to SHAP analysis, the following predictors were determined as the most influential: antecedent rainfall within 72 hours, distance to the closest river channel, and Terrain Wetness Index, all of which coincide with real-life features of Zimbabwe's hydrology. As for the end user, the suggested model could be incorporated into a four-level flood early warning system (advisory level, watch level, warning level, and emergency level).
Eunice Chidimma Eze, Gideon Ekene Anigbo, Promise Udoka Asogwa
Steakhouse syndrome or backyard barbecue syndrome is an acute oesophageal food impaction1. The most common type of esophageal food-related foreign body is the meat bolus, which is frequently associated with underlying oesophageal stenosis2.
Amakoromo, Ebibo Tarila, Francis, Victor Akoma, Nwabuzor, Onyelukachukwu Peter, Nwandieze, Fortune Onyedikachi
The intermittent nature of solar and wind power necessitates reliable energy storage to stabilize electrical grids and enable high renewable penetration. This review provides a systematic assessment of charge storage technologies for renewable energy applications, with emphasis on both conventional systems and emerging post lithium solutions. A structured literature search was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and IEEE Xplore for the period January 2013 to March 2026, yielding 101 peer reviewed sources after screening. Technologies are analyzed according to their operating mechanisms including electrochemical, electrostatic, mechanical, chemical, and thermal, as well as performance metrics such as energy density, power density, cycle life, and efficiency, and application suitability including grid scale systems, transport, and portable electronics. Key findings include the following: sodium ion batteries have emerged as compelling alternatives to lithium ion batteries for stationary storage due to sodium abundance and manufacturing compatibility, though energy density remains lower; solid state batteries offer intrinsic safety and high volumetric energy but face persistent electrode electrolyte interface challenges; advanced nanostructured materials particularly graphene, MXenes, and silicon based anodes enable hybrid systems that bridge the energy power gap between batteries and supercapacitors; no single technology satisfies all grid requirements, instead portfolios combining fast response supercapacitors for power quality, batteries for hourly shifting, hydrogen for seasonal storage, and thermal storage for concentrated solar power plants are necessary. Limitations of this review include the lack of quantitative meta analysis due to heterogeneous reporting standards. Future research priorities should focus on earth abundant materials, durable solid state interfaces, scalable recycling processes, and hybrid system integration. Charge storage technologies remain a fundamental prerequisite for a renewable powered future.
A. Karunamurthy, S. Nafisa
We propose a web-based automation solution for home healthcare management, designed to centralize and optimize patient care coordination, caregiver scheduling, and administrative tasks. The proposed system integrates multiple functional modules, including appointment booking, real-time patient record updates, service tracking, and automated billing, thereby addressing the inefficiencies and fragmentation prevalent in traditional home healthcare systems. The appointment booking process dynamically matches patients with caregivers based on availability and service requirements, while the caregiver scheduling module ensures optimal resource allocation by considering skillsets and workload. Patient records are maintained and updated in a centralized database, enabling seamless information flow and timely interventions. Moreover, the system tracks service statuses in real-time, providing transparency and accountability for both patients and caregivers. Administrative tasks such as billing are automated, reducing manual errors and operational overhead. The web app is built using modern technologies, including React for the front-end and Node.js for the back-end, ensuring scalability and user-friendly interaction. Our solution not only improves operational efficiency but also enhances accessibility and service quality, particularly for elderly and chronically ill patients who rely on consistent and reliable care. The integration of these features into a single platform represents a significant advancement in home healthcare automation, offering a practical and scalable model for future implementations.
Paturi Pranay, Vanitha Kakollu
The fast evolution of digital communication technologies has prompted greater concerns about the security of data and communication channels. Classical cryptographic algorithms, although efficient, are becoming more susceptible to the power of future computational devices, especially those based on quantum computers. This article discusses the implementation of the Quantum Secure Messaging System, which seeks to improve secure communication systems by combining state-of-the-art security algorithms with an intuitive user interface. Although the messaging system does not rely on quantum cryptographic devices, the design of the system incorporates quantum-resistant cryptography concepts by emphasizing its ability to resist future attacks. This paper shows how secure messaging systems can be developed using modern web technologies.
Jyotika Mohan
Self-efficacy is essentially the belief in our own ability to control our own behavior, emotions and motivations. It is our belief in our ability to solve a problem, reach a goal, complete a task and achieve what we set out to do. Adolescents with high self-efficacy take difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered, rather than threats to be avoided. Such an efficious outlook fosters intrinsic interest and deep engrossment in activities. In this paper an effort has been made to study about the Self-efficacy of Secondary School students. The researcher had selected 800 students (400 boys and 400 girls) as sample from fourty Secondary Schools (20 Provincialised and 20 Private) of Morigaon District, Assam. This study is based on primary and secondary data. Self –efficacy Scale was used for collecting data.
Bhuvana R., Shashank S.
This study investigates the awareness and perception of the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) among residents of Bengaluru City. The rapid evolution of digital payment systems and the increasing interest in CBDCs globally prompted this research. The primary aim is to assess the level of awareness, understanding, sources from which they get awareness about CBDC or factors contributing their lack in the awareness about CBDC and acceptance of CBDCs among the urban population, considering various demographic factors. A structured questionnaire was designed and distributed among a diverse sample of Bengaluru residents to collect primary data. The questionnaire covered areas such as general awareness of digital currencies, specific knowledge about RBI's CBDC initiatives. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic data and the general awareness levels. Statistical tests such as Mann-Whitney U test was employed to check if there was any difference between the overall awareness level about CBDC between male and female in Urban Bengaluru. Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to check if there is any significant difference between the sources from which individual obtain information about CBDC and the level of awareness and to check if there is any difference between factors contributing to the lack of awareness about CBDC and their level of awareness. The study concludes that there is a need for increased public education and transparent communication from the RBI to enhance the understanding and acceptance of CBDCs. The insights gained from this research could inform policymakers and financial institutions in designing effective strategies for CBDC implementation and adoption.
Beaulah Mary R, Grace Jebakani Sweety G, Maheswari. K, Nandhini. G, Poomuhi. G
Obesity is a major global public health concern characterized by excessive fat accumulation that increases the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and metabolic complications. The rising prevalence of obesity is strongly associated with sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy dietary habits, and increased consumption of processed foods, particularly among working populations such as college teachers. This study aimed to assess Body Mass Index (BMI) and determine the prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity among college teachers in selected colleges of Coimbatore District. A quantitative descriptive research design was adopted with a sample of 60 participants. Anthropometric measurements were collected to calculate BMI, and baseline data on dietary habits and lifestyle factors were obtained using a structured questionnaire. The findings indicated a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the participants. A nutritional education intervention, including a salad-based demonstration and counselling session, was implemented to promote healthy eating practices. The intervention emphasized increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, portion control, and reduction of processed foods. The results showed improvement in awareness and adoption of healthier dietary behaviours, highlighting the effectiveness of simple nutrition education strategies in obesity management.
G. Nandhini, P. Anitha Grace, Vasantha Mary V.
Abdominal binders and appropriate nutritional care are commonly employed to enhance postoperative recovery by reducing pain and promoting early ambulation. This study aimed to evaluate the combined efficacy of abdominal binders and nutritional care on ambulatory pain among postoperative patients who underwent abdominal surgery in a government hospital in Coimbatore. A quasi-experimental post-test only control group design was adopted. Sixty patients were selected using random sampling, with 30 assigned to the experimental group and 30 to the control group based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic and clinical data were collected from all participants. The experimental group received both abdominal binder support and structured nutritional care, while the control group received routine postoperative care. Ambulatory pain was assessed using a numerical pain rating scale twice daily for the first three postoperative days. On postoperative day one, the mean ambulatory pain scores in the experimental and control groups were 8.35 and 9.07 respectively, with a mean difference of 0.72, which was not statistically significant at the 0.05 level. On day two, the mean pain scores were 5.93 in the experimental group and 7.28 in the control group, with a mean difference of 1.35, showing a statistically significant reduction in pain at the 0.001 level. The findings indicate that the combined use of abdominal binders and nutritional care is more effective in reducing ambulatory pain compared to routine care alone, thereby facilitating improved postoperative recovery and early mobility.
Aashutosh Kumar Upadhyay, Anand Kumar Vishwakarma, Shaswat Sneh
This paper presents the Academic Notes Management System (ANMS), a web application designed to address problems associated with the circulation and availability of notes in academic organizations. The system provides a comprehensive digital portal where authorized instructors can share notes in PDF format, while learners can search for notes based on course subjects and semesters. Role-based authorization is utilized in the application to ensure that only authorized instructors can upload and delete notes. JWT authentication is used in the Node.js and Express.js servers, whereas MongoDB is leveraged as the database management system. The frontend uses HTML5, CSS3, and vanilla JavaScript to develop an efficient, intuitive, and responsive user interface without the need for complex frontend frameworks.
Dr. Binita Nanda, Dr. Sanjeeta Kumari Devi, Rajkumar Sabar, Shyam Sundar Hansdah
The Odisha region of India is facing a major challenge of climate change that is threatening the lives and culture of tribal people in the region. Eco-tourism has been found to be a community based and sustainable strategy to mitigate these impacts and boost economic development and conservation of biodiversity. The research paper explores how eco-tourism has been utilized in two major tribal areas- Similipal, Mayurbhanj and Keonjhar by case study with secondary data and thematic analysis. The results indicate that eco-tourism helps in the adaptation to climate change through the adoption of sustainable land use, minimizing deforestation, and environmental stewardship. The level of community participation, particularly the grassroot initiatives at Keonjhar is central in the decent development and preservation of culture. Whereas Similipal has shown a state-based model which gives focus on the conservation process which is controlled, Keonjhar has shown a participatory model which is community owned. The two examples emphasize the potential of eco-tourism as a multi-faceted tool of ecological sustainability, cultural sustainability and economic empowerment. Nonetheless, infrastructure discontinuities, inaccessibility to the market and institutional barriers need to be overcome to ensure that its long-term benefits are maximized. The paper ends by giving policy intervention, capacity building and inclusive governance recommendations to enhance eco-tourism as a climate-resilient developmental option to Odisha tribal communities.
Nikhil Jain, Omkar Sawant, Prof. Ramya Prabhakaran (guide), Shrikar Gujjeti
Ad click fraud drains billions of advertiser budgets annually through bots and click farms that generate fake clicks with zero genuine engagement. This paper presents Adfraud system, a production-ready fraud detection system combining a novel 18-signal real-time feature engineering engine with nine ML/DL algorithms and an agentic AI chatbot. Operating on the public TalkingData AdTracking benchmark (100,000 records; 0.227% positive class), the system engineers fraud signals from raw click telemetry — click burst velocity, device–OS consistency, impossible geolocation, subnet botnet flags, and user-agent entropy — feeding a Stacking Classifier (LR+RF+XGBoost+LightGBM → meta-LR) achieving 97.4% accuracy, 96.8% F1, and AUC 0.98 — statistically significantly outperforming all eight baselines (Friedman χ²=47.3, p<0.0001). SHAP attribution identifies impossible geolocation and device–OS mismatch as the strongest discriminators. The deployed Flask platform exposes 20 REST endpoints, SSE live monitoring, batch processing, model drift detection, multi-website API-key tracking, and an agentic AI chatbot with six specialised fraud-analysis tools. The system is fully containerised via Docker.
Opurum HC, Orluwene GC
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major driver of cardiovascular disease, with rising burden in Nigeria. Limitations of conventional adiposity measures and inconsistent performance of atherogenic indices necessitate evaluation of more reliable predictors of cardiometabolic risk. Objective: To evaluate the inter-play between visceral adiposity indices, atherogenic indices, and selected clinical factors in assessing cardiometabolic risk among Nigerian adults with T2DM. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using routinely collected data from adults attending monthly screenings of the Diabetes Association of Nigeria. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were obtained. Adiposity (BMI, VAI, LAPi) and atherogenic indices (AIP, Castelli’s indices, atherogenic coefficient) were computed. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses were performed (p < 0.05). Results: Significant sex differences were observed, with obesity being more prevalent in females and overweight in males. Regression models showed modest explanatory power (R² = 0.07–0.15). Age and sex were consistently and significantly associated with atherogenic indices, while BMI was significantly associated with AIP only. Duration of diabetes and occupation were not significant predictors. Conclusion: Cardiometabolic risk is modestly explained by demographic factors, with limited contribution from clinical variables. Improved, context-specific risk markers are needed.
Lanslord Asumakah
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) constitute the backbone of Ghana’s economy, accounting for approximately 90% of all businesses and playing a critical role in employment creation and economic growth. In recent years, the growing global emphasis on environmental sustainability has placed increased attention on the capacity of SMEs to adopt green innovations. This study examines the extent, drivers, and performance implications of green innovation adoption among Ghanaian SMEs, drawing exclusively on secondary data from reputable sources including the Ghana Statistical Service, World Bank Enterprise Surveys, and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) reports. The analysis revealed a steady but uneven increase in adoption across sectors, with agriculture and industry leading, and the service sector showing slower progress. The findings also demonstrate that green innovation adoption is driven by a combination of external pressures and internal capacities. Regulatory enforcement, environmental certification requirements, and market demand from eco-conscious customers and foreign buyers were key external motivators. Access to finance, technical training, and the presence of sustainability-oriented leadership within firms emerged as important internal enablers. Together, these factors created a conducive environment for the uptake of eco-friendly technologies and processes. The results further showed that SMEs adopting green innovations consistently outperformed their non-adopting counterparts in revenue growth, productivity, and environmental compliance. These benefits appear to stem from cost savings through resource efficiency, enhanced market opportunities, and improved reputational capital. The study contributes to both theory and practice by applying the natural resource-based view (NRBV) theory to the Ghanaian SME context, demonstrating how environmental capabilities can yield strategic advantage. Policy implications highlight the need for targeted green finance schemes, sector-specific technical support, and regulatory frameworks that incentivize sustainable practices.
Ashutosh Singh, Bhavana Sharma, Mithlesh Tiwari, Ravish Singh Rajput, Sanjay Kumar Singh
Smart materials represent a class of advanced materials capable of sensing and responding dynamically to environmental stimuli such as temperature, mechanical stress, electric fields, magnetic fields, light, and chemical environments. These materials exhibit adaptive behaviours including shape change, electrical polarization, color variation, and mechanical deformation, enabling their use as sensors, actuators, and energy conversion systems. Recent developments in nanotechnology, additive manufacturing, and computational materials science have accelerated the development of smart materials with enhanced functionality and reliability. This review article presents a comprehensive overview of advanced smart materials with emphasis on their design principles, classification, fundamental functional mechanisms, and multidisciplinary applications. Special attention is given to shape memory alloys, piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials, electroactive polymers, and self-healing materials. Emerging technologies such as 4D-printed smart structures and stimuli-responsive polymeric systems are also discussed. Furthermore, the challenges associated with large-scale manufacturing, durability, and environmental sustainability are critically examined. Finally, the paper outlines future technological prospects of smart materials in emerging domains including biomedical implants, intelligent infrastructure, soft robotics, and autonomous sensing systems.
Deokar Kuldip Suryabhan, Hon Adhrut Arun, Katore Sandeep. S.
According to the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), having access to inexpensive, clean energy is essential to sustainable development. This research paper explores India's strategy for bridging the energy gap, emphasizing affordable and clean energy solutions, to align with the objectives of SDG 7. This research paper examines India's policy initiatives, renewable energy expansion, energy efficiency measures, and international collaborations as key components of its energy transition efforts. India, with its rapidly growing economy and population, faces significant challenges in meeting the energy demands of its citizens while simultaneously reducing carbon emissions. By analyzing India's progress and challenges in this context, this paper aims to provide insights into how India can achieve sustainable energy development while addressing environmental concerns. It underscores the importance of a holistic approach that balances economic growth with environmental sustainability to address the global energy challenge.
Dr. Adwitiya
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been transforming the way medical professionals treat patients. This paper will discuss how AI is significantly altering the health care system, particularly in terms of diet. In order to help physicians, dietitians, and other health professionals make better decisions and lead healthier lives, a variety of machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been created to extract useful information from healthcare data. An overview of the state of art of AI applications in healthcare is given in this study, with an emphasis on the use of AI-driven systems in nutrition. The difficulties in creating AI recommender systems for the healthcare industry are discussed in this study, which offers a comprehensive analysis of the insights of balanced plating. The current initiatives to use AI in nutrition set the stage for a time when tailored advice will be essential in helping people lead healthier lives.
Atul Phatak, Nitin Khambayat, Sangita A. Kale, Vidya Krushna Sahare
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming the pharmaceutical industry by streamlining processes across drug discovery, clinical development, manufacturing, and post-marketing surveillance. In drug discovery, platforms such as DeepMind’s AlphaFold enable accurate protein structure prediction and identification of promising drug candidates, thereby reducing timelines and costs traditionally associated with early-stage research. Clinical trials benefit from AI-driven predictive modeling, which improves patient recruitment, optimizes trial design, and enhances real-time monitoring through wearable devices and IoT sensors, ultimately increasing efficiency and success rates. In manufacturing and supply chain management, AI supports advanced forecasting, automation, and blockchain-based traceability, reducing waste and mitigating risks of counterfeit drugs. Personalized medicine is strengthened by AI tools that analyze genomic and clinical data to generate individualized treatment plans, improving therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. Despite these advances, challenges remain in ensuring data quality, algorithmic transparency, regulatory compliance, and ethical governance. Regulatory agencies such as the FDA and EMA emphasize the need for explainable and validated AI models before widespread adoption. This review critically evaluates the innovations and limitations of AI in the pharmaceutical sector, highlighting its potential to improve healthcare delivery while underscoring the importance of rigorous validation and regulatory oversight.
Frank Boakye, Kelvin Gyimah Agyei, Kwame Amponsah, Manso Frimpong, Usman Nasiru
When artificial intelligence (AI) gained attention about ten years ago, its application in federal agencies has increased dramatically. Today, it is a vital tool for efficiency, security, and creativity across federal agencies, having begun as an experimental technology with few government applications. However, a big disconnect exists between stated policies and real supervision procedures due to the US government agencies' expanding usage of AI systems. By examining federal regulations, auditing instruments, and agency-specific procedures, this study seeks to determine how successful the US government's present AI supervision procedures are. The findings of this paper show that, although some agencies have been able to put the overview of artificial intelligence in place, other small agencies that do not have enough resources to fund the project or lack trained personnel to carry out the oversight lag behind. Drawing from case studies, policy documents, and academic research, this study spotlights challenges in guaranteeing accountability, weaknesses in enforcement, and limitations of the existing auditing processes. The research aims to support the creation and development of functional oversight mechanisms that fully preserve and safeguard the interests of the public while maintaining democratic ideals. This has been accomplished by developing tactics and best practices to increase accountability. By informing stakeholders and policymakers about the necessary adjustments to bridge the gap between AI governance practice and policy, the findings of this research will ultimately boost public trust in government AI applications.
Prof. Lakshmi JVN, Yashkumar Desai
This study presents an intelligent chatbot system developed to automate customer support services in digital platforms. As user expectations for instant responses continue to grow, traditional support mechanisms face limitations in scalability and availability. The proposed system combines Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning techniques to interpret user queries and generate meaningful responses. A DistilBERT-based model is applied for intent detection, while a Named Entity Recognition module identifies relevant information within user input. The system was trained using conversational datasets and tested through multiple evaluation measures. The results demonstrate strong performance in terms of accuracy and response efficiency, significantly improving over manual support approaches. These findings suggest that the proposed chatbot can be effectively deployed in real-world customer service environments.
Ahmad Isqandhar Sany Mohd Hassany, Athirah Amani A. Hussin, Bazrina Ramly, Hannah Eami Noramin, Luqman Hafiy Abdullah Zailani, Nur Zulaikha Mat Kamil, Nureen Sabrina Rusdi Aziz
This paper presents Alco-No, a portable, rapid-detection system that quantifies ethanol in food products to support halal compliance for Muslim consumers. The widespread use of ethanol in the food industry poses significant challenges to halal integrity, given Islam’s strict prohibition of alcohol. Existing laboratory-based ethanol detection methods are impractical for everyday consumer use, underscoring the need for accessible, real-time solutions. Alco-No addresses this gap by combining an MQ-3 alcohol sensor, an ESP32 microcontroller, and a cloud-connected notification system to deliver immediate, user-friendly results. The device enables non-contact analysis of both solid and liquid foods, providing a clear safety classification based on a 0.5% ethanol threshold aligned with halal standards. Pilot testing demonstrated robust performance, accurate detection, and high user satisfaction, especially among young Muslim consumers, who reported increased confidence and perceived safety when using the device. Despite current limitations—such as internet dependence and potential matrix interference—Alco-No represents an important step toward consumer empowerment and transparency in halal food verification. Future development will focus on expanding food-type compatibility, enhancing offline functionality, and integrating broader halal certification data. The innovation holds promise for advancing food safety governance and reinforcing consumer trust in the global halal supply chain.
NishuChauhan, Prof. Shweta Singh
Purpose This paper aims to analyse the publication structure on the research published on organisational politics in higher education between 2000 to 2025. Design/ Methodology Bibliographic data on organisational politics in higher education extracted from Scopus database, and then they were analysing data through VOSviewer software and RStudio. Findings This study examines141 papers on organisational politics in higher education published between 2000 to 2025. The research finds the top producing nations, institutions, authors, journals, citations, co-citations, co-authorship and co-occurrence of the organisational politics in higher education. It also includes information on the most referenced publications and published authors. The VOSviewer program and RStudio is also used in the study to visualize the mapping. Originality/value The main contribution of the study is that it provides an overview of the trends of organisational politics in higher education, which may help the researcher and practitioners to comprehend the trends and future research directions.
Friday Nguvayasvika Mudondo Kubiku, Nyasha Sakadzo, Radios Mutumburanzou, Ruvarashe Patricia Mutasa
Small-scale farming plays a critical role in reducing rural poverty and contributes significantly to household income. This study aimed to assess the contribution of small-scale farming to rural household income in Honde Valley, Mutasa District, Zimbabwe. A survey was conducted, during which 60 questionnaires were distributed. Key findings revealed that small-scale farming significantly contributes to household income, with an average annual income ranging from $1201 to $2000, accounting for 78% of total rural household income. However, the heavy dependence on farming exposes households to climate shocks and income insecurity. A multivariate linear regression model was applied, and the analysis indicated that larger household size—likely due to increased labor availability—had a positive effect on income. Marital status, particularly being widowed or single, was associated with lower income levels. The model also demonstrated that crop diversification, market access, and irrigation use positively influence household income. Conversely, off-farm and non-farm income sources were found to be insignificant contributors to overall household income. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of policies and programs that support small-scale farmers. Enhancing irrigation development, improving market access, promoting crop diversification, and adopting climate-resilient practices can significantly improve livelihoods, income generation, and food security in the region.
Dr. Lini Baruah
The waste disposal management is a burning social problem in many cities. The concentration of waste in different parts of city damages environment of surrounding areas. The wastes disposal management of Dibrugarh city Municipality faces many challenges. The Dibrugarh city municipality collects garbage from different parts of the city in a daily basis. People get employment in Municipality Board for collection, transfer and disposal of waste in Dibrugarh city Municipality Board. At morning 6:00 AM all roads are clean by Municipality employee and garbage are transfer to designated areas. People’s habits of throwing trash in roadside areas enlarge landfill areas due to single use plastics. The garbage collection, transfer and recycle need proper monitoring which many time lacking by disposal management. There are lots of causes because of that garbage disposal problem is alarming such as people’s habits, improper treatment, and natural calamities. Methodology of the study: The state of Assam is geographically situated in North Eastern part of India. The study is conducted in Dibrugarh city which is, situated in Dibrugarh district of Assam. The concerned research is conducted with the support of structural functional perspective. The exploratory research design is adopted to conduct an empirical research in Dibrugarh city. The research is conducted with assistance of probability sampling method. The methodology of the study contains that primary data are collected with the support of observation and interview method. The primary data are collected from 387 respondents of different categories such as migrant labor, daily wage earner, vegetable vendor, road side stall owner, small shop owner, company official, employee, unemployed, retired and small business owner. The secondary data are collected from books, journal, articles, internet sources and websites. The objective of the study is such as- (i) to analysis causes and consequences of improper waste disposal. (ii) to examine challenges society faces due to waste. (iii) to study industries responsibility towards pollution control and waste disposal. (iv) to know is waste create hamper to industrial development. (v) to assess possibility of reduce waste with alternative solution.
Vaishnavi Shastri
The proper estimation of property value is an intricate issue that is affected by socioeconomic, environmental, and infrastructural variables. Conventional methods of valuation are based mainly on formal housing information, including income, population, and property type, and usually do not reflect the spatial and environmental context that has a great influence on the desirability of real estate. This paper suggests a data-driven model to make a Property Value Index (PVI) estimate based on incorporating structured housing data from the California Housing dataset and satellite-based geospatial attributes. This study is in contrast with the traditional methods of optimization of the models, it is more about the systematic construction of a spatially enriched dataset based on the remote sensing data sources. The most important attributes, such as vegetation density (NDVI), light intensity at night, road density, and the presence of water, are derived using the geospatial computing and aggregated across the localized spatial buffers using Google Earth Engine. Ensemble learning models such as a baseline Random Forest, an enhanced Random Forest and XGBoost are used to evaluate the proposed dataset. The experimental findings indicate that the use of geospatial features makes a significant contribution to the predictive performance, and XGBoost can lead to the greatest results (R2 =0.80), which is better than the traditional methods. Moreover, the spatial validation establishes that the predicted values follow the geographical trends in the real world; that is, regions with an increased economic activity and density in infrastructure have a high PVI score. The results point to the importance of feature engineering and data representation rather than the complexity of the models in the context of property valuation. This work offers an extensible and practical system to real estate analytics and location intelligence systems and highlights the significance of incorporating geospatial intelligence in predictive modelling.
Aji Sofyan Effendy, Muhammad Saleh Mire
This study aims to determine and assess the influence of gross domestic regional product (GDRP) per capita, education, poverty, and environmental quality on public health in Indonesia and to compare the levels of health complaints among four regions using panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2018-2023. This study employed a quantitative method using a Path Analysis model with dummy variables, categorizing the system into three regions (groups). In region 1, education and the environment negatively impacted health complaints, while GDRP per capita and poverty did not significantly impact these complaints. In region 2, the four independent variables included in the study showed that GDRB per capita, education, the environment, and poverty significantly affected health complaints. All four variables, except poverty, negatively affected health complaints. Selanjutnya diketahui bahwa pada region 2 ini pertumbuhan ekonomi tidak mempengaruhi keluhan kesehatan. Then in region 3, three variables have an effect on health complaints, the other two determining variables, namely GDRP per capita and poverty, do not have a significant influence on health complaints in this region. Finally, fluctuations in health complaints were largely determined by Covid-19, which peaked at the end of 2020. However, the determinants that are consistent from year to year and between islands are the environment and education.
Ayodele Emanuel, Oloruntoba Samson Abiodun
Lung cancer is one of the most prevailing reasons of cancer-related deaths in the globe and this is mainly because of the late diagnosis of the disease since at an early stage; the cancer may have no or limited symptoms. The early diagnosis is essential to enhance survival and treatment rates of patients, but the conventional diagnostic tools, including CT scans, X-rays, and biopsy procedures, are resource-intensive, expensive, and need special personnel, making their availability unavailable especially in remote or underserved regions. The proposed study build an Android-based smart application on early lung cancer detection with the help of machine learning procedures, integrating portability, efficiency, and diagnostic accuracy. The available data is used in the proposed system and includes publicly available data, such as lung CT scans, chest X-ray images, and related clinical data. Image normalization, noise reduction, and feature extraction also constituted preprocessing steps to improve the quality of the data and the model performance. The automated processing of medical images was done with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and other structured clinical data were all processed using Support Vectors Machines (SVM) and Random Forest algorithms to enhance the classification accuracy. The trained models have been incorporated in an Android application in the form of TensorFlow Lite, and they are able to execute real-time inferences on mobile devices with a minimal computation burden. The findings proposed that the system has high levels of diagnostic performance, with an accuracy of between 90% and 96%, sensitivity of between 88% and 95%, specificity of between 89% and 95% and a balance of precision and recall. The proposed system will offer quick, dependable, and convenient early screening of lung cancer as opposed to currently used mobile health applications, as well as the conventional methods. These results show that machine learning used with mobile platforms can provide a scalable and feasible way to enhance timely diagnosis, assist healthcare professionals, and improve patient outcomes, especially in less-resourced and remote environments.
Dr. Bhawna Garg, Sonam Vij
Face recognition is now an essential part of human–computer interaction, surveillance systems, and biometric authentication. The eigenvalue–eigenvector based Eigenface methodology has been popular among different computing techniques because of its high performance in controlled situations and mathematical simplicity. The contribution of eigenvalues and eigenvectors to dimensionality reduction and feature extraction in face recognition is examined in this work. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to convert facial images into a lower-dimensional eigenspace where robust and efficient recognition is achieved. The paper also examines developments, difficulties, and enhancements to the initial eigenface model.
Chinwebudu M. Melford, Marguerite Alofa P. O’Brien-Melford
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into clinical laboratory diagnostics, offering advanced capabilities for data interpretation and clinical decision support. However, existing evidence remains fragmented across diagnostic performance, operational efficiency, and real-world clinical impact. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the applications of AI in clinical laboratory diagnostics, with a focus on diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiency, and clinical utility. This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was performed for studies published within the last 13 years. Eligible studies included diagnostic accuracy studies, observational studies, and clinical trials evaluating AI applications in laboratory diagnostics. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted using standardized tools, and findings were synthesized narratively. A total of 65 studies were included from 450 identified records. AI models demonstrated consistently high diagnostic performance across multiple clinical domains, frequently achieving area under the curve (AUC) values above 0.85. Models integrating multimodal data showed enhanced robustness compared to single-modality approaches. AI applications improved laboratory workflow by automating data interpretation, reducing turnaround times, and optimizing resource utilization. In addition, AI demonstrated strong clinical utility in early disease detection, risk stratification, and personalized medicine. However, limitations such as lack of external validation, dataset heterogeneity, and limited real-world implementation were commonly reported. AI has significant potential to transform clinical laboratory diagnostics by enhancing accuracy, efficiency, and clinical decision-making. Future research should prioritize multicenter validation, standardized evaluation frameworks, and real-world implementation to ensure safe, equitable, and effective integration into healthcare systems.
Joy Oyiza Obadoba, Precious Hepzibah
This paper investigates the state of housing quality and its associated health impacts in the rural-urban region of Idah, Nigeria. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional approach, data were collected from a systematically sampled group of three hundred and fifty households using structured questionnaires. The collected data were subjected to descriptive analysis using statistical tools commonly employed in social science research. The findings reveal a worrying picture of housing and health conditions in Idah. Regarding public health impacts, the study found alarming health challenges among residents. The prevalence of typhoid and malaria cases was notably high, affecting 43% of the surveyed population. Additionally, cases of diarrhoea, malaria only, and undiagnosed illness (which refer to conditions where individuals experience sickness symptoms but do not seek medical testing or hospital care) were reported by 17%, 12%, and 11% of respondents, respectively. However, 62% of respondents lived in rooms that had only one window. Among these, only 23% had windows on both room walls, limiting ventilation and natural light. Furthermore, overcrowding was identified as a critical issue, with 38% of households accommodating more than four individuals in a single room. A significant proportion of the surveyed residents (69%) lacked access to a portable water source. In conclusion, this study underscores the grim reality of poor housing quality in Idah and highlights its significant association with various health issues experienced by the local population. These findings emphasise the urgent need for comprehensive interventions to improve housing conditions and, by extension, public health in the region. The study's implications extend beyond Idah and serve as a valuable reference for policymakers, researchers, international organisations and non-governmental organisations working towards enhancing housing quality and overall well-being in rural and sub-rural areas of emerging nations.
Roseline Onego, PhD, Sa’ad, Tajuddeen, Ph.D
The inclusion of Students with Disabilities (SWDs) in higher education is a critical metric of social justice and alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 4. While legislative frameworks in Kenya mandate inclusive education, the extent to which physical and technological infrastructure facilitates or hinders academic participation remains under-explored. Objective: This study investigated the influence of educational infrastructural support systems on the educational inclusion of SWDs in public universities in Kenya. Methodology: Adopting a pragmatic research philosophy, the study utilized a cross-sectional survey design across six chartered public universities. Data were collected from 318 SWDs using structured questionnaires and triangulated with semi-structured interviews with disability coordinators and observational audits. Descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analysis were employed to test the relationship between infrastructure availability and inclusion. Results: The study established a statistically significant positive relationship between educational infrastructure and inclusion (β=.357,p<.001). However, the overall availability of essential infrastructure was critically low (Composite Mean = 2.01). Specific deficits were identified in alternative transportation, affordability of assistive technology (AT), and access to non-classroom facilities. Qualitative data highlighted a dichotomy between modern, accessible facilities and historic buildings that remain exclusionary. Conclusion: While infrastructure acts as a significant predictor of inclusion, current provisions are inadequate to meet the diverse needs of SWDs. The prevailing environment creates physical barriers that contravene the Social Model of Disability, shifting the locus of disability from individual impairment to institutional failure. Implications: The findings necessitate a paradigm shift from piecemeal adjustments to Universal Design principles in university infrastructure planning. Policy interventions must prioritize the retrofitting of legacy buildings and the subsidization of assistive technologies.
Adedapo Adejumo, Andrew O. Deborah, Bilewu O. Olaolu, Islamiyyat Olaronke Agoro
Cassava (Manihotesculenta Crantz)is a major root crop in the low land tropics and much of sub humid tropics and its starchy roots are sources of dietary food energy (high calories) for more than 500 million people worldwide. Aim: This study assessed the quality of cassava flakes and the hygiene practices of workers in selected cassava flakes processing factories in Ilorin west LGA. Methodology: a descriptive cross sectional study involving laboratory analysis which was used to assess the hygiene practices and the level of contaminants in cassava flakes. The study population comprised of all workers of the selected cassava flakes processing factories, a multi-stage sampling technique was used in the selection of respondent and collection of sample for the study. The instruments used for data collection was an interviewer administered questionnaire. Result: A total of 220 cassava flakes processors were interviewed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practices on cassava flakes hygiene. During the interview, 211 cassava processors responded appropriately while 9 respondents declined. The age distribution of the cassava flakes processors increased as the age class increased excluding the drop in frequency at 60 and above, while a lot of the respondents 72(34.1%) are within the ages of 50 - 59. There are more females 163(77.3%) than males 48(22.7%) respondents in cassava flakes processing factories. 128(60.7%) agreed that Food borne illness can be prevented by good processing of cassava flakes, 111(52.6%) agreed that good processing hygiene of the cassava flakes processors can prevent food poisoning while 95(45.0%) agreed that Obtaining more knowledge on cassava safety is not a solution to food safety problems. This study also revealed that 203(96.2%) agreed that processing activity is time consuming and strenuous, 145(68.7%) agreed that inadequate access to potable water is a constraint to proper hygiene. The bacteria isolated from this samples were; Staphylococcus aereus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas spp, Eucherichia coli. The highest level of cyanide in this study is 7.30mg/HCN/kg, while the lowest is 2.0 mg/HCN/kg. Conclusion: It was revealed in this study that the constraints to hygiene practices by the cassava processors includes; Processing activity is time consuming and strenuous, inadequate access to potable water, lack of finance to purchase modern equipment, scarcity of freshly harvested cassava roots, lack of waste disposal facility, non-availability of processing facilities, fluctuation in market prices, investments costs for the more efficient technologies are high. Direct observation of hygiene among processors in the factories revealed that their hygiene practices concerning environmental sanitation were poor.
Igwe Godwin Vincent, Mbam Boniface Nwanagele, Nwuguru Obinna Nwibo
This study assessed formal financial institutions in financing agribusiness investment in Southeast, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select 900 respondents for the study. Primary data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire and interview schedule. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the predominant formal financial institutions available to agribusiness investors in the study area include the Bank of Agriculture (20.44%), Microfinance Banks (17.67%), and the Ministry of Agriculture (16.78%). Analysis of loan demand indicated that most agribusiness investors requested mid-sized loans, particularly within the ₦300,001–₦400,000 range (21.67%) and ₦200,001–₦300,000 (19.11%), suggesting a dominance of medium-scale operations. However, loan disbursement patterns showed a bias toward smaller loan sizes, with the highest proportions disbursed in the ₦100,001–₦200,000 (21.00%) and below ₦100,000 (18.56%) categories indicating that larger loan categories consistently received less than requested, suggesting cautious lending behaviour by formal financial institutions. Key factors influencing the amount of loan granted included collateral (3.81), loan repayment ability (3.70), government policy (3.61), and farm size (3.60). Furthermore, constraints to financing were categorized into socio-economic and institutional factors. Socio-economic constraints included low repayment rate (0.733) and loan diversion (0.727), while institutional constraints comprised insufficient funds (0.743) and adverse government policies (0.690). It was recommended amongst others that formal financial institutions should adopt flexible collateral policies to enable small-scale agribusiness investors’ access loans more easily.
Adetoro Ebamiyo E., Akinseinde Oluwatumininu N., Babamboni Adekunle S., Bashua Funmilayo, Iliasu Abiola R.
Background: Campus open spaces are widely associated with enhanced well-being, social interaction, and academic productivity. However, empirical evidence within Nigerian universities remains limited and inconclusive. Methods: This study assessed the relationship between landscape elements, social interaction, and perceived productivity at Caleb University, Lagos. A quantitative survey design was adopted. Using Yamane’s formula, 333 respondents were selected from a population of 2,019 users; 308 valid responses were analyzed (93.3% response rate). Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Results: Students reported positive perceptions of green areas, seating, and shaded walkways (mean > 3.0). Landscape features were associated with improved concentration (3.85), stress reduction (3.96), and motivation (3.93). However, indicators of structured academic interaction were weaker (2.21–3.52). Correlation results suggest that landscape elements have a limited direct statistical effect on productivity, while demographic factors—particularly age—and likely contextual variables such as maintenance quality and institutional culture may play a stronger role. Conclusion: Campus open spaces at Caleb University contribute positively to well-being and informal interaction but demonstrate limited measurable influence on academic productivity. Landscape planning alone is insufficient to significantly improve productivity without complementary institutional and environmental support systems.
Ahuchaogu I. I., Alonge, A. F., Etim, I., Ukpong E. D.
Climate change is a global menace affecting environment and socioeconomic activities around the world. Its effects significantly altered hydrological and environmental activities causing severe damage to farmlands, leading to rise in sea levels, drought and dry spell. This study was carried out in Uyo to assess the impact of climate change on the agricultural lands within the area. The essence was to investigate the economic impact on the farmers. ArcGIS technology was adapted to carry out imagery of the area under investigation using Landsat 8 satellite data. The parameters analyzed include temperature, precipitation and soil characteristics within a ten-year period (2012-2022). Soil analysis was carried out to ascertain its vulnerability to climatic elements. The OLi band 4 (red) and band 5 (Near infra-red) were used in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) computation, while band 10 is employed for estimation of the brightness of the temperature. The NDVI values ranged between 0 (low) and 1 (high), and showed a decline from 0.46 in 2017 to 0.34 in 2021. The year 2012 witnessed the driest period while 2016 was the wettest year, vegetated areas have reduced within the study period due to urban expansion and environmental degradation. From the result of the study, climate change influenced temperature which ranged from 260C to 320C leading to wide temperature and precipitation variation affecting soil health, thus reducing crop growth and food production. This research will provide useful information for formulating long term agricultural policies for the region and the state at large.
Mohammed Elijah, Onwuka Flora
Background: Cancer is a major public health challenge in both developing and developed countries, with an increasing incidence among people under-50 years old. The shortage of trained healthcare workers is a major public health challenge faced by developing countries such as Nigeria. This has taken a toll on the provision of the country’s healthcare services to the populace. However, community pharmacists (CPs) whose services are readily accessible to the public, can help reduce cancer incidence in the country by raising public awareness. Objective: This study assessed the role of community pharmacists in promoting cancer awareness among the under-50 population in Amuwo-Odofin Local Government Area (LGA) of Lagos State, Nigeria Methodology: Two sets of self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data in a cross- sectional survey. The sample size was 385, 371 responses were received and the data were analysed using a python analysis programmme with descriptive statistics. Result: The CPs had a good knowledge of certain cancer topics, a positive attitude towards promoting cancer awareness, and have been involved in related activities. However, there was a knowledge gap regarding screening guidelines and common cancers among young people. Their activities generally targeted “all age groups” and mainly involved verbal counselling during medication dispensing. The under-50 population generally held a positive view of the CPs’ activities, although only 40.8% had received health education or information about cancer from them. Barriers reported by the CPs include a lack of training, resource materials and poor interest among young people. Conclusion: The study revealed high level of knowledge among CPs on several cancer topics, with a gap in screening guidelines and in awareness of common cancers among young people. They were involved in cancer awareness promotion to some extent, as most of them believe they play a role in it. It is recommended that CPs be trained and provided with resource materials to enhance awareness promotion activities among the under-50 population in Amuwo-Odofin LGA, Lagos State.
Dr. Axuna Patel, Dr. Dimple Patel, Dr. Kinjal Daru, Dr. Kruti Desai
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are highly prevalent among nurses due to repetitive movements, prolonged standing, and improper posture during patient care. This study aimed to assess ergonomic risk factors and exposure levels among nurses using the Quick Exposure Check (QEC) method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 nurses. Sample size was calculated using linear regression analysis in Jamovi with an effect size (f²) of 0.15, alpha level of 0.05, power of 80%, and 5 predictors. The estimated sample size was 92, and after adding 10% non-response rate, the final sample size was 100. The findings indicate high to very high exposure levels, especially in the neck and stress domains. The study highlights the need for ergonomic interventions and workload management.
Maldeniya M R R, Perera G S N
Road feature extraction is crucial for wide range of geospatial applications such as road management, intelligent transportation and road safety evaluation. Due to the efficient vehicle-based on-road scanning opportunity, Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) has become the most appropriate data acquisition system for road environments. Most of methods available for road feature extraction are classical approaches that do not mitigate the problems caused by the presence of outliers and occlusions. This study proposed an automated method for extraction and vectorization of road surface and curb, utilizing a grid-based segmentation and classification. The method begins with extracting the ground surface from the point cloud, where an elevation-based thresholding and Cloth Simulation Filtering (CSF) are applied to isolate terrain points. A region growing based segmentation algorithm is applied to identify the road surface and curb structures based on the elevation differences and surface normal orientations. To address main challenges in region growing, such as curb cuts and occlusions from parked vehicles, a local re-segmentation is developed. The local edge detection and gap bridging are applied for efficient region-growing. The extracted curb boundaries are then vectorized using the alpha-shape algorithms, ensuring a structured, GIS compatible representation. The developed algorithm was tested on multiple urban datasets, and reached a classification accuracy of 98% from the constructed confusion matrix. The geometric accuracy exceeded 85% for most curb islands, with some achieving 97.7% precision. The results validated the robustness and scalability of the developed method in urban environments, and provided a computationally efficient solution for automated road and curb extraction.
Dr. Mona Mehta, Ms. Himani Shah
Students engaged in higher education are often burdened with multiple assignments, projects and other academic activities on daily basis, which they are required to complete in a stipulated time frame. In a world where tools with Artificial Intelligence (AI) are readily available at their fingertips, it is increasingly difficult to prevent its use. And recent studies have reported the increase in the frequency of use of these AI tools. The solution to this problem is to create awareness among the students about ethical use of AI tools. Although AI adoption and related ethical concerns have been studied in education, significant gaps remain, particularly in higher education institutes of India. Generally, studies are focused on AI usage and academic integrity issues rather than students’ ethical awareness. AI ethics also receives limited and inconsistent attention in curricula, and students often use AI tools without adequate ethical guidance. As a result, students’ overall ethical awareness across multiple dimensions remains inadequate. Therefore, the present study aims to find out the awareness of students regarding Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Data of students from higher education institutions will be collected using a questionnaire. The results of the study will be instrumental in developing a medium for spreading awareness regarding ethical use of AI tools among students.
Nitesh Prasad Sah
Cancer remains a major public health challenge in India, with a persistently high proportion of patients presenting at advanced stages of disease. This contributes to reduced survival outcomes, increased treatment costs, and substantial socioeconomic burden on households and the health system. This systematic narrative review synthesizes evidence on barriers to early cancer diagnosis in India across patient, provider, and health system levels. A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, WHO reports, and selected LMIC studies published between 2005 and 2025. Studies addressing diagnostic delay, stage at presentation, and barriers to early detection were included. The findings demonstrate that diagnostic delay arises from interacting determinants across three levels. At the patient level, low awareness, stigma, cultural beliefs, and financial constraints delay initial healthcare seeking. At the provider level, low clinical suspicion, misdiagnosis, and inadequate oncology training contribute to delayed referral. At the health system level, inadequate diagnostic infrastructure, workforce shortages, fragmented referral pathways, and urban concentration of cancer services further prolong time to diagnosis. Rural populations are disproportionately affected, with consistently higher rates of Stage III–IV presentation. This review concludes that late-stage cancer diagnosis in India is primarily a structural health system problem requiring integrated reforms in primary care strengthening, diagnostic capacity expansion, referral system integration, and financial protection mechanisms.
Awidi, A. U., Hussaini, F. A., Osu, M. U.
Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) are hematophagous insects that have resurged globally, posing a significant public health concern. This review examines the potential of bedbugs as vectors of human disease, focusing on their ability to transmit pathogens such as hepatitis B virus, Trypanosoma cruzi, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A comprehensive analysis of 20 studies revealed that 70.0% reported bedbugs can harbor pathogens, but only 25.0% demonstrated experimental transmission to animals or humans. The review also evaluates current management, prevention, and control strategies, highlighting the effectiveness of heat treatment and the need for novel control methods. Knowledge gaps are identified, including the need for more research on experimental transmission, management effectiveness in different settings, and novel control methods. This review underscores the importance of understanding bedbugs as potential disease vectors and the need for effective management strategies to mitigate the risk of disease transmission.
Fah Foh Tella, Fah Noushi Mono, Kamdem Fah Foh, Molem Sama Christopher
The study examines the effects of behavioural biases and financial literacy on the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Given the vital role SMEs play in economic development, it is imperative to understand the factors influencing their growth. Despite the crucial role of SMEs in Cameroon, the expansion of new branches and the introduction of innovative products still lag behind, with fewer than 15% of SMEs successfully entering new markets or launching new products each year. Data were gathered from 304 SME owners and managers using a structured questionnaire, providing insights into their views on risk and financial management techniques. The study employs a quantitative research approach, utilising multiple regression and structural equation modelling for statistical analysis to investigate the direct and mediated correlations between the variables under investigation. The results show that behavioural biases, particularly overconfidence, anchoring and regret aversion, positively and significantly influence the growth of SMEs. Financial literacy emerges as a critical facilitator of SME growth, with both financial knowledge and behaviour showing strong positive correlations with business expansion. Additionally, the study reveals that financial literacy acts as a mediator in the relationship between risk perception and SME growth, suggesting that effective financial management can mitigate some of the potential negative effects of Behavioural biases. This study contributes to the theoretical and empirical literature on SME development by delineating the complex interplay between psychological factors and financial acumen.
Mr. Nachamada Tolmava, Prof. Marcel P. Agah
This study assessed the Benefits and Challenges of ICT Curriculum Implementation in Public Senior Secondary Schools in Gombi Education Zone, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Utilizing a descriptive survey research design, the study sampled 196 respondents (18 ICT teachers and 178 students) through purposive sampling across 8 selected schools. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, content and face validity test of the instrument demonstrated a high reliability coefficient of r=0.95 at a 0.05 significance level. Findings indicate that while implemented ICT Curriculum have significantly enhanced teaching and learning outcomes, several critical barriers persist. Primary challenges include insufficient funding, a shortage of technical expertise, and inadequate infrastructural facilities. The study concludes that effective ICT Curriculum Implementation have fosters professional development, student engagement, and inclusive education by providing broader access to digital resources. The study recommended a short – term and a long – term to overcome the ICT challenges; short –term; teacher training and provision of teacher’s workshops for capacity development. Long – term; National Policy on Education be reformed to formally implement ICT Curriculum into the National Curriculum and that government funding for public secondary schools be increased to support digital infrastructure.
Dr. V. Velvizhi
Economic growth is more accurately measured using real GDP per capita, as it reflects changes in income levels adjusted for population and inflation. While total GDP captures the size of an economy, it does not adequately represent individual economic well-being. However, contemporary global challenges—including inequality, environmental degradation, and declining subjective well-being—have revealed its conceptual and empirical limitations. This paper critically evaluates GDP as a welfare measure and examines alternative frameworks such as the Human Development Index (HDI), Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), and Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). Through empirical comparisons and theoretical analysis, the study demonstrates that GDP growth often diverges from improvements in human welfare. Using cross-country data patterns, the paper highlights how welfare outcomes depend not only on income but also on distribution, social infrastructure, and sustainability. The study argues for a multidimensional measurement framework and recommends policy integration of broader welfare indicators into economic planning.
Dr. Uday A. Deokate, Lalit Bhoye, Vijay Lokhande, Vinod. D. Kulkarni
The traditional medicinal applications of the perennial herb Calotropis gigantea are widely recognized. It has been successfully utilized for a long time within the Siddha, Ayurveda, and Unani medical systems. Every part of the plant is utilized in medicine because of its diverse properties, including analgesic, anthelmintic, astringent, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, sedative, anti-asthmatic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, procoagulant, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and pregnancy-interceptive effects. For example, the plant's leaves, latex, flowers, stem bark, and roots are utilized as expectorants and depilatory treatments for leprosy, scalp scabies, skin eruptions, hemorrhoids, asthma, hepatosplenomegaly, and painful joint swelling. This plant is an excellent choice for the pharmaceutical industry's modern drug manufacturing due to its ability to treat various conditions, including tumors, ulcers, and piles. Calotropis gigantea belongs to the Apocynaceae family. The plant's pharmacological properties are attributed to phytochemical components such as alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, alcohols, fatty acids, calotropeol esters, glycosides, and proteases. Moreover, the chemical structures and therapeutic activities of Calotropis gigantea are strongly correlated. Consequently, this review summarizes its pharmacological activity, ethnobotanical characteristics, and phytochemical composition.
Al-amin Bala Usman, Okikiola, Folasade Mercy, Oladiboye Olasunkanmi Esther, Olaitan Lateef Lawal, Rufai Mohammed Mutiu
This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a fingerprint-based Biometric Attendance System tailored for educational institutions. The system integrates an optical fingerprint sensor with an Arduino microcontroller and HC-05 Bluetooth module to capture and transmit biometric templates to a Node.js WebSocket server and Firebase Firestore backend. A React.js web interface provides real-time attendance tracking, reporting, and administrative control. Performance testing with twenty students achieved an end-to-end attendance cycle in 8–10 minutes, demonstrating marked improvements over traditional manual methods. The system's security architecture is fortified through end-to-end encryption and token-based authentication, addressing critical vulnerabilities in student data protection. Performance metrics indicate a False Rejection Rate (FRR) of <2% and a False Acceptance Rate (FAR) of <0.5%, positioning the system as a reliable alternative to manual and card-based monitoring
Najifa Tasneem Teesha
The function of non- executive, independent directors in determining the performance of the firm has been a debatable topic in the existing literature on emerging markets. In the current study, we examine the interrelation between board independence, risk-management practices and financial performance of a sample population of 36 banks listed publicly in the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) in a Post COVID era. Despite the expectations of the agency theory, according to which the independent oversight of firms should improve the value of the firm, however, our results show that the degree of board independence is statistically non-significantly correlated with the risk-management indicators, as well as the financial performance measures. These results suggest that in the Bangladeshi environment, non-executive directors are often simply a paper tiger, meeting regulatory formalities, but with no ability to perform any substantive oversight. The findings of our study show the importance of structural changes in the selection of directors in order to address the impact of undiluted ownership and political power.
Md Abu Hasan, Md Naimur Rahman, Moktar Hossain, Nusrat Sultana Kumu
Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health and the environment, with motor vehicles, rapid urbanization and industrial processes major contributors. This comprehensive review examines the impact of various air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM2.5), on human health. Long-term and short-term exposure to these pollutants has been linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as chronic conditions like cancer. Data from studies in regions like Dhaka, Bangladesh through environmental monitoring and health surveys, demonstrate alarming levels of pollutants exceeding WHO guidelines. Results shows the association between hazardous substance and respiratory system. Nitrogen dioxide, for instance, can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals, leading to oxidative stress and cellular damage. Ozone exposure increases the risk of oxidative stress and DNA damage, potentially contributing to cancer development. Carbon monoxide displaces oxygen from hemoglobin, causing tissue hypoxia and various health issues. Sulfur dioxide contributes to acid rain formation, respiratory problems, and environmental damage. Particulate matter, especially PM2.5, can penetrate the lungs, causing respiratory irritation, cardiovascular diseases, and adverse birth outcomes. Preventive measures like flue gas desulphurization and regulatory standards aim to mitigate air pollution's adverse effects, emphasizing the need for urgent action to safeguard public health. The research concludes that immediate policy interventions and public perception are crucial to reduce health hazard and strengthen urban air quality. Additionally, the outcomes highlight the necessity for consistent monitoring systems, stricter exhaust regulations, and sustainable urbanized planning to reduce long-term health effects and ensure a more sustainable living environment.
Akinremi Babatunde Rasheed, Sabitu Olalekan Owotutu
This study examines the role of entrepreneurship education in enhancing students’ agropreneurship competencies within the context of declining youth participation in agriculture and the increasing demand for sustainable food systems. It highlights the persistent mismatch between traditional, theory-oriented agricultural education and the practical, market-driven skills required in modern agribusiness. Adopting a conceptual and empirical review approach, the study develops a comprehensive hybrid framework of agropreneurship skills, comprising technical and value-chain competencies, business management and financial literacy, and soft skills embedded in an entrepreneurial mindset. The findings reveal that entrepreneurship education plays a significant role in equipping students with the capacity for opportunity recognition, innovation, risk management, and value creation across agricultural value chains. Through experiential learning approaches such as internships, simulations, and project-based activities, students gain practical exposure that enhances their readiness to establish and manage agribusiness ventures. The study further establishes that entrepreneurship education fosters entrepreneurial consciousness, strengthens self-efficacy, and positively influences students’ intentions toward self-employment in agriculture. However, the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education is largely dependent on curriculum design, institutional support, and strong collaboration between educational institutions and industry stakeholders. The study concludes that integrating entrepreneurship education into agricultural programs is essential for developing competent agropreneurs, reversing youth disengagement, and promoting sustainable agricultural and economic development. It recommends curriculum reform, increased experiential learning opportunities, supportive government policies, and improved access to finance, land, and technology for young agropreneurs.
Uchenna Azuka-Obieke
This study investigated bullying and psychological well-being of students in secondary schools in Eti-Osa LGA, of Lagos State. The objectives of this study are to determine relationship between bullying and psychological well-being of students, and specifically, examine how verbal bullying impacts psychological well-being of students in senior secondary school. The findings of the study revealed that (i) there is a significant correlation between verbal bullying and psychological well-being of students there is a significant correlation between bullying and psychological well-being of students. Two hypotheses were tested. The results of the Correlation Analysis of hypothesis 1 6 indicates that the coefficient of determination is -0.778 at a significant or probability value of 0.04 which is greater than 0.01. This indicates that the null hypothesis that states that “there is no significant correlation between verbal bullying and psychological well-being of students” will be accepted while the alternate hypothesis will be rejected. This implies that the high occurrence verbal bullying the weaker the psychological well-being of students. The results of the Pearson Product Moment Correlation of Hypothesis 2 indicates that the coefficient of determination is -0.899 at a significant or probability value of 0.05 which is greater than 0.01. This indicates that the alternate hypothesis that states that “there is a significant correlation between bullying and psychological well-being of students” is accepted while the null hypothesis will be rejected. This implies that bullying if not eradicated might likely affects psychological well-being of students’ by creating instability in their mental health.
Adenike Oluwakemi Ogah. PhD, Dr Edwin Kanombola Chembo, Dr James-Aaron Ogbole Ogah, Mrs Kasemuka Kamusaki
Background The global incidence of congenital syphilis is increasing, particularly in developing countries, resulting in significant fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Understanding the determinants contributing to this rise is essential for formulating effective preventive interventions. Subject and methods This pilot study examines retrospective cross-sectional data from a 12-month period, sourced from the ward register at the Neonatal Centre of Excellence, University Teaching Hospital–Children's Division in Lusaka, Zambia. The prevalence and characteristics of congenital syphilis in 758 hospitalized neonates were studied using percentages, Chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression models. The findings were presented as p-values, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Results The prevalence of congenital syphilis was 6% (45 out of 753). In descending order of strength of association, the RPR positive neonates were more likely (p<0.05) to have Fathers who were HIV positive (Chi= 22.871, OR 3.0 [1.12, 7.90]); delivered outside health facilities (Chi =7.885, OR 2.4 [95% CI 0.89, 6.50]); Mothers who were HIV positive (Chi=5.098, OR 1.8 [0.38, 8.59]); present with hypoxia (Chi=4.895, OR 2.5 [95%CI 1.08, 5.55]); delayed first breastfeed (Chi=4.892, OR 2.2 [1.08, 4.39]) and present later at an average chronological age of 20.4days (sd 8.89) compared to their non-Syphilis infected counterparts. Conclusion The prevalence of neonatal congenital syphilis remains notably elevated. To mitigate fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with congenital syphilis, healthcare institutions ought to formulate and advocate for antenatal care initiatives that encompass the involvement of fathers alongside their pregnant partners, in addition to implementing dual rapid diagnostic assessments for both HIV and syphilis. Neonates who present late, particularly those with a concerning medical history, signs of hypoxia, and an initial breastfeeding delay, should be managed with a heightened level of clinical suspicion and without delay.
Dr. Nagaraju Kaja, K Sushmitha
This paper highlights the crucial implications of climate change as a global concern, emphasizing its serious repercussions for biodiversity, natural resource management and ecosystems. The primary factors for climate change are thought to be human-induced activities, specifically the emission of greenhouse gases, which leads to temperature change, different patterns of precipitation, and an increase in extreme weather events. Climate change is addressed through two key strategies: mitigation (reducing emissions) and adaptation (enhancing resilience to impacts). One aspect of mitigation is lowering release of greenhouse gases, whereas focusing on raising resilience to cope with inevitable impacts. Natural resource management, including fisheries, forestry, agriculture, water and biodiversity conservation is important to address the issue of climate change covered in the following discussion. Aim: The aim of this paper is to examine the role of mitigation and adaptation in minimizing climate change impacts on natural resources. Methodology: This study adopted qualitative literature review with two illustrative case studies to understand and analyze natural resource management. Results: This study summarizes the best practices for mitigation (e.g. carbon sequestration through reforestation, energy efficiency in construction) and adaptation (e.g. salt-tolerant crops, rainwater harvesting, resilient infrastructure). The case studies demonstrate practical applications: in the Sundarbans, community initiatives (salt-resistant rice varieties, water storage, mangrove planting, solar lighting) have improved agricultural resilience; in India’s cement industry, energy-saving innovations and alternative fuels have significantly reduced CO₂ emissions. These examples illustrate how integrating local knowledge and sustainable technology can reduce vulnerability and emissions simultaneously. Importance of the study: The findings underscore the importance of integrated strategies which can combine ecosystem restoration, resource-efficient practices, and stakeholder collaboration to enhance long-term resource sustainability under climate change.
Dina A. Perez, Nicolyne B. Monsanto
This study examined the influence of clinical supervision, feedback quality, and psychological safety on the satisfaction of paramedical interns at a higher education institution. Recognizing that an internship serves as a critical transition from classroom learning to real clinical practice, the study aimed to determine how these factors shape the overall training experience of interns. The study employed a descriptive-correlational research design with predictive analysis. A total of 250 paramedical interns were assessed using a validated questionnaire measuring clinical supervision, feedback quality, psychological safety, and intern satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product–moment correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results showed that interns perceived high levels of clinical supervision, feedback quality, psychological safety, and satisfaction. Significant positive relationships were found among clinical supervision, feedback quality, psychological safety, and intern satisfaction. Findings further revealed that psychological safety and clinical supervision significantly predicted intern satisfaction, whereas feedback quality did not make a unique contribution when analyzed simultaneously. Psychological safety emerged as the strongest predictor of intern satisfaction. The findings highlight the importance of supportive supervision and psychologically safe learning environments in enhancing internship satisfaction and strengthening clinical education in paramedical programs.
Dare Raphael Akinrolabu
This study analyzes the intricate linkages between community-based projects and local government development, focusing on their synergistic potential for sustainable public service delivery and community welfare enhancement. The study’s focuses on Okitipupa Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria, this revised analysis attempts to place the results within an international context regarding participatory governance, decentralization, and development at the grassroots level. Through the lens of Participatory Development Theory and Decentralization Theory, this study combines unique primary data collected from 300 respondents with an extensive analysis of literature on the subject. The results suggest that community participation, fiscal transparency, and institutional capacity are the most important determinants of successful community projects and sustainable local development. This paper advances the argument that local governments and community stakeholders should work together, as their collaboration is necessary to reaching sustainable and equitable development goals. Key recommendations, refined for international applicability, advocate for enhanced financial autonomy for sub-national entities, comprehensive capacity building initiatives for both governmental and community leadership, and the institutionalization of inclusive participatory governance frameworks that transcend tokenism. This study contributes to the global dialogue on effective local governance, offering transferable insights for policymakers and practitioners grappling with similar development challenges in diverse contexts.
Dr. Het Trivedi, Mrs. Komal Trivedi
In the 2026 data landscape, the volume of unstructured data and the demand for real-time insights have redefined the requirements for data mining tools. This paper evaluates six leading tools—RapidMiner, KNIME, Weka, Orange, Python (Scikit-Learn), and Apache Spark (MLlib)—across four critical dimensions: algorithmic diversity, computational efficiency, ease of deployment, and integration with modern cloud-native architectures. Our findings suggest a distinct bifurcation between "low-code" platforms for rapid business deployment and "pro-code" environments for high-scale, custom algorithmic development.
Ishaku Bajon Chimbekujwo, Mary Sunday Joshua
This study evaluated the comparative effects of leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf), Polyalthia longifolia (false ashoka), and Jatropha curcas (jatropha) on the growth characteristics of tomato plants infected with Meloidogyne incognita, a root-knot nematode known to significantly reduce crop productivity. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design, with treatments consisting of the three plant extracts and an untreated control. Key growth parameters assessed included leaf length, shoot height, leaf width, leaf shade, and plant girth. The results revealed that all treated plants performed better than the control, indicating the effectiveness of the leaf extracts in mitigating the adverse effects of nematode infection. Among the treatments, Vernonia amygdalina showed the highest improvement in shoot height and plant girth, suggesting strong growth-promoting and nematicidal properties. Polyalthia longifolia recorded the highest values for leaf length and leaf width, indicating its potential in enhancing foliage development. Jatropha curcas exhibited moderate effects across most parameters but was less effective compared to the other extracts. Statistical analysis showed that the differences among treatments were significant (p < 0.05), confirming the reliability of the observed effects. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that Vernonia amygdalina and Polyalthia longifolia are particularly effective in improving the growth performance of tomato plants under nematode stress. These findings highlight the potential use of these plant extracts as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical nematicides in sustainable tomato production systems.
Dr. U.K. Shukla, Shri Kant
The present review evaluates the comparative efficacy of Moringa oleifera and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) leaf powder as natural growth promoters in Sonali layer chicks under Agro-climatic conditions similar to the Chitrakoot region. With increasing restrictions on antibiotic growth promoters, phytogenic feed additives have gained attention due to their safety and multifunctional benefits. Both moringa and Tulsi possess bioactive compounds that enhance growth performance, immunity, gut health, and feed efficiency. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies and discusses their applicability to Sonali poultry production systems. Evidence indicates that moringa improves nutrient utilization and immune response, while Tulsi enhances growth rate and stress resistance. Comparative analysis suggests that while both herbs are effective, moringa shows superior performance in nutrient enrichment, whereas Tulsi excels in antioxidative and immunomodulatory effects.
Dr. Seema Ghanghas, Sathy Saha
This study presents a comparative analysis of consumer preferences and experiences between Amazon and Flipkart, two dominant e-commerce giants in India. This research has used mixed- method approach, through structured Google form survey data were collected from 106 respondents. Analysis included Chi-square tests for platform preference and simple linear regression to determine the predictive power of usability on satisfaction. The research is theoretically grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in platform preference (X^2= 25.55, p< .05), with Amazon leading in innovation perception. Regression results (R^2= .388 for Amazon; R^2= .411 for Flipkart) demonstrate that platform usability is a dominant driver of consumer satisfaction. Qualitative themes further identified a growing “Sustainability gap” and concerns regarding product authenticity as emerging factors in brand loyalty. While the study is limited by a convenience sampling, the results suggest that “ease of use” remains a foundational prerequisite for platform adoption. This research adds critical depth to the e-commerce literature by linking functional usability to evolving ethical consumerism in the Indian market.
Dr Mgbowaji Zacchaeus, Dr Kenner N. Okafor, Iwuanyanwu, P., Joel, O.F., Odocha, E.C, Omehoma, O.C
Chronic health conditions among oil drilling workers represent a significant occupational health challenge in the oil and gas industry. Previous studies have described the prevalence of occupational health outcomes, but there is a need to understand how contributing factors affect chronic health outcomes. This study adopted a cross-sectional design aimed at identifying and quantifying contributing risk factors associated with chronic health conditions among oil drilling workers using logistic regression modelling. A total of 350 oil drilling workers across the Niger Delta region participated in the study. Structured questionnaires captured data on work-related factors (physical job demands, work control/autonomy, exposure frequency), organisational factors (supervisor support, organisational stress support, PPE usage), personal factors (smoking status, exercise frequency), and demographic characteristics (age, years of experience). Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine associations between predictor variables and chronic health outcomes. Results revealed that exposure frequency emerged as the strongest work-related predictor (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 2.10-2.13, p < 0.001), with each unit increase associated with 111.4% increased odds of chronic health conditions. Organisational stress support demonstrated substantial protective effects (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.50-0.51, p < 0.001), reducing health risk odds by 49.4%. Personal factors showed that smoking increased risk by 29.1% (OR = 1.29, p < 0.001), while exercise frequency decreased risk by 29.4% (OR = 0.71, p < 0.001). Age group emerged as the strongest demographic predictor, with each unit increase associated with 64.9% increased odds (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.63-1.66, p < 0.001). These findings provide evidence that chronic health conditions among oil drilling workers are influenced by multiple interacting factors across work-related, organisational, personal, and demographic domains, supporting the necessity of multifaceted approaches to occupational health management.
Aondoakaa Lubem, Ebenezer Esidene Eneji, Omini Peter Omini, Yojorsam Stephen Okoi
LGBTQ populations in rural Cross River State, Nigeria face intersecting barriers to HIV prevention, gender-based violence (GBV) response, and access to justice, driven by criminalization, stigma, and limited availability of inclusive services. This study evaluated a community-led, multi-level intervention implemented in Yakurr Local Government Area, in Cross River State, Nigeria. A convergent mixed-methods implementation study was conducted between August 2023 and December 2024 among LGBTQ individuals in selected rural communities (Ugep, Mkpani, Ekori, and Idomi). A total of 457 LGBTQ participants were engaged in community dialogues, from which a purposively selected subset of 221 individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) participated in in-depth interviews. The intervention comprised peer-led advocacy, community dialogues, GBV response services, safety and security training, and healthcare worker engagement, implemented using Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and pre-post comparisons, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings were triangulated to assess effectiveness and implementation processes. At baseline, 72.4% of participants reported fear of arrest, and 68.9% reported prior exposure to GBV. Following the intervention, knowledge of HIV prevention increased from 54.2% to 81.7%, awareness of legal rights from 35.6% to 73.4%, and awareness of GBV response pathways from 41.3% to 78.9%. A total of 144 GBV survivors accessed integrated support services in addition, 178 individuals initiated ART, and 215 accessed viral load testing and counseling. Participants reported increased utilization of community-based GBV reporting mechanisms and improved linkage to LGBTQ-friendly healthcare services. Community-led, rights-based and multi-level interventions were associated with substantial improvements in knowledge, service uptake, and access to justice among LGBTQ populations in criminalized and resource-limited settings. Integrating peer-led systems with community mobilization and institutional engagement provides a scalable model for strengthening HIV and GBV responses in similar contexts.
Jean NTABALA MUSIRWA
This paper provides a critical analysis of the D.R.C. framework law on national education of 2014 in relation to the sustainable development goal4. After the framework law promulgation in 2014 by the D.R.C. government to align the country to the sustainable development goals, it can be noticed that its practical implementation has failed : French remains the only education medium in primary education and at secondary and university education, national and child environmental languages are not practically studied as required by the framework law. This paper examines therefore the possible causes and effects of that implementation failure and provides appropriate solving ways. Critical Discourse Analysis has been applied to the examined extracts of the framework law. The results indicate, in terms of causes, the lack of a specific language policy in D.R.C. leading to a groping - based language policy ; the lack of necessary documentary resources in vernacular and national languages of D.R.C.; the lack of adequate practical implementation and accompanying measures of the framework law and the community low motivation in vernacular education. These causes lead to the reinforcement and perpetuation of linguistic disriminatory laws and practices; exclusive and inequitable education and imbalanced language perceptions and attitudes of congolese favoring foreign languages and defavoring Congolese languages. The paper ends by suggesting the creation of a national language policy body by the government to (re)define and regularly monitor the country language policy basing on the sustainable development goals requirements ; the promulgation of promoting and reinforcing laws of linguistic and cultural diversity ; and the reinforcement and promotion of real linguistic pluralism discourses among Congolese.
Asiimwe Specioza, Paul Ojambo, Ssejjemba Richard Jjemba, Twizeere Harimah
Faith-based hospitals, as a core component of Uganda’s private-not-for-profit (PNFP) health sector, play a pivotal role in delivering healthcare to underserved populations, particularly in Kampala. However, these institutions face persistent challenges to financial sustainability due to fluctuating donor support, limited government funding and the need to maintain affordable, high-quality care. This article investigates the intersection of cultural competence and financial sustainability in Kampala’s faith-based hospitals, presenting original mixed-methods evidence from surveys of 12 PNFP hospitals, 240 patient exit interviews and 24 key informant interviews. The findings demonstrate that targeted cultural competence interventions encompassing staff training, organizational policy reforms and patient-centered care significantly improve patient retention, diversify revenue streams and enhance donor confidence. Quantitative results reveal increases in outpatient retention rates, fee recovery and donor diversification, while qualitative insights highlight strengthened patient trust, cultural alignment and philanthropic giving. The study integrates Resource Dependence Theory and leading Cultural Competence Frameworks to elucidate how faith-based hospitals can strategically leverage cultural competence for operational resilience and sustainability. Policy recommendations are offered for hospital leaders, donors and government stakeholders to institutionalize cultural competence as a driver of both equitable care and financial viability in Uganda’s PNFP health sector.
Dr. Uday A. Deokate, Govind Kokani, Lalit Bhoye, Muskan Mulla, Vaishnavi Punase, Vijay Lokhande, Vinod Kulkarni
Empagliflozin is an oral hypoglycemic drug belonging to the class of SGLT2 inhibitors. It acts on transporters in the proximal tubules of the kidneys to reduce blood glucose by promoting glucose excretion in the urine. This review examines various analytical method development strategies for Empagliflozin, with a focus on Quality by Design (QbD) approaches.
Mission Debbarma, Muskan Sutradhar, Pallab Chanda, Rupanjal Debbarma, Satyabrata Bhowmik, Shiba Prasad Debnath
Plant health disorders can affect the productivity of crops adversely, so it's important to find them early in farming. This research develops a deep learning-based system for the identification of mango leaf diseases utilizing image data. We built and trained a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) from scratch on the Mango Leaf BD dataset, which has eight types of healthy and diseased leaves. For making the images more generalized, they have gone under the procedure of resizing and normalizing before the data augmentation techniques are used. Standard evaluation criteria like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are utilized to test the model, and it does well on the test dataset. Also, a desktop-based graphical user interface (GUI) is made with Python and Tkinter, which makes it easy to make predictions for one image or a group of images. The system works completely offline, so it can be used in places with few resources. It can also be expanded for use in real-world farming situations.
D. Nanee, Dr. R. Jaishankar
The increased e-commerce has revolutionized the purchasing decision making process by the consumer with online reviews being one of the key factors influencing the decision making process. This paper examines how online reviews affect customer decision-making in Coimbatore City, which is a major commercial center in India. The study is intended to know the impact of various demographics of age, income, and gender on the value attached to online reviews in the process of buying products. In an extensive manner, the analysis of the data obtained through the use of a structured questionnaire uses Descriptive Statistics, Cross-Tabulation, and Correlation Analysis in order to determine patterns and relationships. The results indicate that online reviews have a greater chance of influencing younger consumers and those with higher incomes with price and brand reputation also influencing the decision-making process. The research has valuable information to any business wishing to improve its presence online, and be in a better position to satisfy the demands of its clients in the era of the digital market.
Myrna Prudente
This study evaluated the impact of vermicompost application on the growth and cutback cane point production of two sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) varieties, Phil 99-1793 and VMC 67-252 using 5, 10, and 15 t ha⁻¹ in terms of germination period, germination rate, plant height, number of tillers, number of nodes per linear meter, number of internodes per linear meter, and number of cane points harvested. Results indicated that vermicompost application significantly affected germination period, plant height, number of nodes, number of internodes, and the number of cane points harvested. VMC 67-252 exhibited earlier germination compared with Phil 99-1793 at 10 t ha⁻¹ and 15 t ha⁻¹, respectively, although differences among other vermicompost levels within the same variety were not significant (V2). The same for Phil 99-1793 at 15 t ha⁻¹ except after 30 DAP, that 10 t ha⁻¹ was the tallest. Application of vermicompost at 15 t ha⁻¹ was comparable to plants treated with inorganic fertilizer in terms of height (V1). The greatest number of tillers produced was recorded at 15 t ha⁻¹ (V1) and 10 t ha⁻¹ (V2), comparable to inorganic fertilizer application. Varietal differences were evident, with V1 producing more nodes like internodes. The greatest number of cane points harvested 180 DAP was obtained from Phil 99-1793, exceeding VMC 67-252. Application of 15 t ha⁻¹ of vermicompost produced the greatest number of cane points harvested, with V1 and V2 comparable to inorganic fertilizer application.
Alvin M. Boncales, Eric B. Bulala, Kristine T. Soberano, Mark Angelou A. Balonga
This research examined the cybersecurity literacy and online risk management behaviors of first-year Information Technology (IT) students at three colleges in the Philippines. The study's objectives were to evaluate students' understanding of cybersecurity threats, pinpoint prevalent risky online behaviors, and analyze the correlation between cybersecurity literacy and online risk management practices. A descriptive quantitative research design was utilized, and data were gathered from 250 first-year IT students through a structured questionnaire assessing cybersecurity knowledge and online risk management. The results revealed that, despite students exhibiting a generally high degree of confidence in their ability to manage online risks, certain insecure practices persisted. Many respondents reported infrequent password updates (38% changing passwords only once a year and 29.6% rarely or never updating). The results also revealed that a large proportion of students entered the IT program with minimal formal cybersecurity training (32.4% had not taken any IT-related courses at all), as most respondents came from non-technical Senior High School strands (70%). Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in cybersecurity literacy and online risk management practices between male and female students (p = 0.815). Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant but weak positive relationship between cybersecurity literacy and online risk management (r = 0.27, p = 0.001). The research findings indicated a discrepancy between students' self-assessed cybersecurity preparedness and their actual online behaviors. Specifically, students' expressed confidence did not always correlate with secure practices. Consequently, the study suggested incorporating practical, scenario-driven cybersecurity instruction into the foundational IT curriculum. This integration aimed to boost students' digital resilience and encourage safer online conduct.
Dr. Prashanth M. C.
The convergence of Distributed Ledger Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Extended Reality, and Quantum Computing—collectively referred to as DARQ technologies—is significantly transforming global enterprise ecosystems. This study investigates the opportunities, barriers, and corporate perceptions associated with DARQ adoption in India, with a specific focus on organizational readiness, strategic intent, and risk evaluation among corporate executives and white-collar professionals. The research adopts a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative data collected from 320 respondents across key sectors including information technology, banking and financial services, manufacturing, healthcare, and retail, along with qualitative insights from industry professionals. Statistical tools such as descriptive analysis, multiple regression, and structural equation modelling are employed to examine the relationships between perceived usefulness, organizational readiness, environmental support, adoption intention, and threat perception. The findings indicate strong optimism toward Artificial Intelligence and block chain technologies as immediate drivers of operational efficiency and competitive advantage. Perceived usefulness emerges as the most significant determinant of adoption intention, while organizational readiness significantly influences expected breakthrough outcomes. However, threat perception—particularly related to cyber security risks, workforce displacement, and regulatory uncertainty—negatively impacts adoption decisions. Quantum computing is perceived as a long-term strategic technology with limited short-term applicability. The study contributes to the understanding of emerging technology adoption in developing economies and provides practical insights for policymakers and corporate leaders to facilitate sustainable and secure implementation of DARQ technologies in India.
Dr. Aprell L. Abellana, Windy S. Dioquino
This study was conducted in response to the increasing need for effective curriculum assessment among Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL) administrators in the Department of Education, particularly in relation to data utilization, industry linkages, and emotional competencies. It aimed to examine the influence of Data-Driven Decision Making, Industry Consultation, and Emotional Intelligence on Curriculum Assessment. The study involved 605 administrators, including School Heads, TVL Coordinators, and Subject Heads, from nine Schools Division Offices in DepEd Region X for School Year 2025–2026. Data were collected using validated survey questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. The findings revealed that Data-Driven Decision Making was manifested (M=4.38), with Student Performance Analysis as the highest (M=4.52). Industry Consultation was established (M=4.33), led by Work Immersion Collaboration and Industry Standards Adoption (M=4.40). Emotional Intelligence was high (M=4.45), with Relationship Management as the highest (M=4.48). Curriculum Assessment was found to be effective (M=4.43), particularly in terms of Pedagogical and Instructional Quality (M=4.45). Significant positive relationships were observed between Curriculum Assessment and Data-Driven Decision Making (r=0.711), Industry Consultation (r=0.667), and Emotional Intelligence (r=0.696). Regression analysis identified nine significant predictors that collectively explained 63.5% of the variance in Curriculum Assessment outcomes. The findings indicate that both technical competencies and emotional intelligence significantly influence curriculum assessment effectiveness among TVL administrators. Strengthening these areas through targeted professional development and industry collaboration is essential to improve curriculum implementation and alignment with educational and workforce demands.
A. Akash, Anish Kumar, K. Kalidoss, M. Kaliyammal, Mr. K. Rajesh Kumar
The increasing demand for efficient battery charging systems in electric vehicle (EV) and power electronic applications has led to the development of power factor correction (PFC) techniques. Conventional AC-DC converters suffer from poor power factor, high harmonic distortion, and increased input current, which reduces overall system efficiency. This paper presents the design and simulation of an Active Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter using a MOSFET-based boost topology implemented in MATLAB. The system converts a 230 V AC input into a regulated DC output suitable for charging a 60 V, 60 Ah battery. A MOSFET switch, controlled through a PWM-based feedback loop, ensures that the input current follows the input voltage waveform, thereby improving the power factor close to unity. The proposed system significantly reduces reactive power, input current distortion, and line losses. Simulation results demonstrate improved performance in terms of power factor (up to 0.95), reduced Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and efficient energy transfer to the battery.
Betrand, Chidi Ukamaka, Ekwealor, Oluchukwu Uzoamaka, Ezuruka, Evelyn Ogochukwu, Okechukwu, Ogochukwu Patience, Uchefuna, Charles Ikenna
This study presents the development of an intelligent chatbot system designed for learning the Igbo language, one of Nigeria’s major indigenous languages. In the face of globalization and urbanization, which increasingly threaten the survival of African indigenous languages, there is a pressing need for innovative and accessible tools that support both language acquisition and cultural preservation. The proposed chatbot leverages Natural Language Processing (NLP) and conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) to deliver an interactive and user-friendly learning platform. The system provides personalized learning experiences through conversational interactions, covering key linguistic components such as vocabulary, grammar, and everyday expressions. By simulating natural dialogue, the chatbot enables users to practice reading, writing, and comprehension skills in a supportive, low-pressure environment. Its architecture comprises natural language understanding modules, a knowledge base containing Igbo linguistic rules and vocabulary and a response generation component that produces contextually relevant outputs. This research contributes to the advancement of Computer-Assisted Language Learning for underrepresented languages and offers a scalable framework for developing similar tools for other indigenous African languages. Ultimately, the system promotes broader access to Igbo language education while supporting efforts to preserve its cultural heritage.
Bayo Mohammed, Onimode, Hyacinth C., Inyiama, Muhammad Bashir, Abdullahi
The District Health Information System 2 is a flexible, standard Java-based, free, and open-source online software technology that was proposed in this study as a way to merge four current standalone and different Health Information Systems (DHIS2). This Integrated National Health Information System (i-NHIS) was built using the DHIS2 application software, which runs on a web server, supports Java Servlets, and can be accessed via web browsers over the Internet. By combining numerous fragmented, incomprehensible, worthless, and poorly standardized HISs, the outcomes provide advanced knowledge about national healthcare services. It is made up of a variety of data kinds and detailed information that is used to make decisions, measure, and monitor healthcare delivery processes in Nigeria for overall improvement. The proposed i-NHIS provides more trustworthy, accurate, full, and timely information as well as decision-making tools, hence improving the quality of Nigerian healthcare delivery and services.
Ahmad Suleiman, Isah A.O., M.D. Noel, Osin, Oluwatosin Joseph, S.O. Subairu
Ransomware remains a devastating cyber threat, encrypting critical data, disrupting operations, and extorting ransoms, with global losses exceeding $20 billion in 2024 and projected to reach $265 billion annually by 2031. Conventional detection methods, limited to static or dynamic analysis, falter against advanced, obfuscated, and zero-day variants. This study introduces a hybrid AI model for ransomware detection, employing a late-fusion framework to integrate static and dynamic features. It combines an Enhanced Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) trained on 500 static features from the EMBER dataset with a Conditional Variational Autoencoder 1-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (CVAE–1D CNN) trained on 1,000 dynamic behavioural features from the MLRan dataset. Model predictions are fused via optimized weighted averaging to enhance performance, especially on unseen families. Evaluations reveal superior results: 95.14% accuracy, 89.77% macro F1-score, 94.2% recall, and 95.33% zero-day F1-score, outperforming single-model baselines. Integrating static pre-execution and dynamic runtime features boosts detection accuracy and generalization. The static component's compact 3.8 Megabyte size suits resource-constrained deployments. This hybrid solution provides a robust, scalable defence for multi-family ransomware, strengthening enterprise cybersecurity.
Cris J-Son A. Romero, MAEM, Leo C. Naparota, PhD
This study examined the digital competence and its influence on the academic buoyancy of junior high school students in Godod District, Schools Division of Zamboanga del Norte, for the School Year 2025–2026. Using the survey method and descriptive-correlational design, data were gathered from 290 junior high school students and analyzed through weighted mean, standard deviation, and Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient using JAMOVI. The findings showed that technological access among the respondents was predominantly low, with 73.79% having low technology access and 2.42% having no technology access. The overall level of digital competence was average (AWV = 3.28), with information and data literacy rated highest (AWV = 3.50) and basics and access rated lowest (AWV = 3.11). Students showed high competence in using smartphones (AWV = 4.01), but lower competence in using computers (AWV = 2.97) and performing advanced digital tasks (AWV = 2.60). The remaining domains were all rated average. Likewise, the respondents’ academic buoyancy in English was average overall (AWV = 3.21), with confidence emerging as the highest-rated domain (AWV = 3.37) and composure as the lowest (AWV = 2.99), indicating that anxiety and worry continue to affect students’ academic experiences. Commitment, coordination, and control were also rated average. Moreover, a significant positive moderate relationship was found between digital competence and academic buoyancy (rho = 0.46, p < .001), suggesting that students with higher digital competence also tend to demonstrate greater academic buoyancy.
Dennis M. Meriales, Hernan Ysrael Barluado Peliño
Rapid urbanization in emerging Philippine cities presents significant and complex challenges in infrastructure, governance practices, digital transformation, and citizen participation in promoting sustainable urban development. This study investigates the impact of governance frameworks, digital governance systems, and citizen participation on sustainable urban development using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected from 100 respondents, including local government officials, urban planners, and community members, and analyzed employing descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. Qualitative data from interviews were used to support and explain statistical findings. Results reveal that governance frameworks significantly predict sustainable urban development (β = 0.45, p < 0.01), followed by digital governance (β = 0.30, p < 0.01) and citizen participation (β = 0.25, p < 0.01), while governance structures are participatory and inclusive. The findings underscore the need for integrated governance approaches that combine institutional capacity, technological innovation, and inclusive citizen engagement.
Dr Shaveta Sharma, Ms Binita Mishra
Background: Digital health interventions have transformed pediatric healthcare delivery, expanding access, improving symptom monitoring, enhancing self-management, and supporting family-centered care. Pediatric nurses are at the forefront of implementing and evaluating these technologies. Aim: To provide a comprehensive review of digital health interventions in pediatric nursing care, exploring types of technologies, clinical applications, impacts on outcomes, implementation challenges, and future directions. Methods: Narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed literature on digital health tools used in pediatric nursing, including telehealth, mobile health (mHealth), wearable sensors, remote symptom monitoring platforms, and electronic health record (EHR)-based decision supports. Results: Digital health interventions show promising effects on symptom tracking, self-management, patient engagement, adherence, and access to care. Telehealth expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering new models of care. Mobile apps and wearables support chronic disease monitoring (asthma, diabetes), pain assessment, and post-discharge follow-up. However, challenges remain in equitable access, data security, nurse training, and integration into clinical workflows. Conclusion: Digital health interventions have significant potential to advance pediatric nursing care. Future research should focus on clinical effectiveness, user experience, implementation frameworks, and policies to ensure safe, equitable, and sustainable integration.
Everest Oyom, Sampson NSA
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the diurnal variation of solar radiation, ambient temperature, panel temperature, and relative humidity across selected locations in Nigeria. The objective is to examine how these environmental parameters influence photovoltaic (PV) module performance from both an experimental and solid-state physics perspective. Photovoltaic energy conversion is fundamentally governed by semiconductor processes within a p–n junction, where incident photons with energy hν≥E_ggenerate electron–hole pairs. The efficiency of charge carrier separation and transport is strongly influenced by temperature-dependent parameters such as carrier mobility, intrinsic carrier concentration, and recombination rates. Consequently, environmental variables introduce dynamic operating conditions that directly affect PV output. The results obtained from the locations exhibit a consistent diurnal pattern, with solar radiation increasing from near-zero values in the early morning to peak values ranging between approximately 900–1400 W/m² around midday (12:00–14:00 hrs), followed by a gradual decline toward evening. Correspondingly, both ambient and panel temperatures increase with solar irradiance, with panel temperatures consistently exceeding ambient temperatures by several degrees due to heat accumulation and limited convective cooling. Peak panel temperatures were observed in the range above 40°C, depending on location and module type. Relative humidity showed an inverse relationship with solar radiation and temperature, decreasing during peak irradiance periods and increasing during early morning and late evening hours. This behavior is attributed to atmospheric thermodynamics, where increased temperature reduces relative humidity through enhanced evaporation and air expansion. From a solid-state standpoint, the elevated panel temperatures observed across all locations contribute to a reduction in PV efficiency through increased carrier recombination and reduced open-circuit voltage. Comparative analysis of the different locations reveals notable spatial variations in peak irradiance and thermal behavior, reflecting the influence of local climatic conditions such as cloud cover, humidity levels, and atmospheric clarity. Inland and high-radiation locations exhibited sharper irradiance peaks and higher panel temperatures, while more humid regions showed moderated irradiance profiles and relatively lower thermal gradients. The findings highlight the critical interplay between environmental conditions and semiconductor physics in determining PV performance. The results emphasize that while high solar irradiance enhances photocurrent generation, excessive thermal loading reduces efficiency, thereby necessitating careful consideration of location-specific conditions in PV system design and deployment. This study provides valuable empirical data for optimizing photovoltaic systems in tropical environments and contributes to a deeper understanding of how diurnal environmental variations influence solid-state device performance in real-world applications.
Bior Paul Panchol, Gift Sarafidin, Pasquale T. Moilinga
This study aims to develop a comprehensive checklist of bird species in Juba City and its surrounding areas, assessing both their diversity and distribution. Through meticulous fieldwork using the Time Species Count (TSC) methodology, the research evaluated the impact of urbanization on avian populations within this African urban and suburban landscape. Our findings reveal a significant diversity of bird species, highlighting the presence of both common urban dwellers and rarer species that thrive in less disturbed suburban environments. The study notes a marked difference in species distribution patterns, with urban areas exhibiting lower biodiversity compared to their suburban counterparts. The results underline the detrimental effects of urban growth on avian diversity, with habitat loss and fragmentation emerging as primary challenges. The research recommends the implementation of green urban planning strategies to mitigate these impacts, such as the establishment of bird-friendly zones and the preservation of natural habitats within city limits. Additionally, promoting community awareness about the importance of biodiversity conservation in urban settings is crucial. In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the avian diversity and distribution in Juba City, offering a vital benchmark for future studies and conservation efforts. By fostering a harmonious coexistence between urban development and wildlife, it is possible to sustain and enhance the ecological richness of urban landscapes.
Mu’azu Yunusa Riruwai, Muhammad Bako
The surge of global financial crisis mostly caused by the failure of giant banks, which are commonly known as systemically important banks, spark the interest on studying the factors affecting the financial performance of such giant banks. This paper assesses the moderating effect of financial inclusion on the effects of CAMELS financial indicators on financial performance of domestic systemically important banks (DSIBs) in Nigeria. CAMELS is an acronym denoting capital adequacy, assets quality, management efficiency, earnings quality, liquidity and sensitivity to market risk. The paper used correlational research design to assess the relationship between the variables. Population of the study comprises all the five DSIBs in Nigeria as of 2023 which are; Access Bank, FirstBank, GT Bank, UBA and Zenith Bank. Census sampling technique was used to select all the five DSIBs. Financial reports between 2005 and 2023 of these five banks were used to extracts data on financial ratios based on the CAMELS parameters. Each of the CAMELS parameter was measured by three financial ratios while financial inclusion was measured by five proxies; branches, POS, ATM, BVN/Account No. and ATM/100000 adults. DSIBs financial performance was measured by return on assets, return on equity and return on capital employed. Pooled least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyzed the data and SmartPLS-4 software was used to run the analysis. The study found that capital adequacy, earnings quality, liquidity, sensitivity to market risk and financial inclusion significantly impacted on the DSIBs financial performance while assets quality and management efficiency were found to have insignificant effects on the DSIBs financial performance. Moderating effect of financial inclusion on the effects of CAMELS financial indicators on the financial performance of DSIBs in Nigeria was found to be insignificant. The paper recommends expansion in the level of financial inclusion in Nigeria by opening more bank branches, ATM and POS outlets especially in the underserved communities for better financial services delivery and increased financial performance of DSIBs.
Aliyu Maimuna Umar, Bunza Jafaru Muhammad, Dallatu Muhammad Kabiru, Giwa Jamiah Ikeoluwa, Jidda, Muhammad Lawal, Ogunwale Kolawole Ayobami, Oladele, Blessing Shina, Umar Asiya Imam, Yusuf Habeb Demilola
According to new research, dysbiosis is a crucial link between chronic non-communicable diseases and infectious diseases. This review examines how malaria-induced dysbiosis and hypertension may exacerbate gut dysbiosis and summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Reduced microbial diversity, fewer bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and elevated levels of pro-hypertensive metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the hallmarks of dysbiosis in hypertension. These changes result in increased gut permeability, endothelial dysfunction, and systemic inflammation, all of which raise blood pressure. At the same time, parasite toxins from Plasmodium infection cause severe gut dysbiosis (e.g., hemozoin), systemic inflammation (TNF-α, IFN-γ), and related malnutrition. This dysbiosis linked to Malaria weakens the integrity of the gut barrier and impairs immune regulation, resulting in a leaky gut and a pro-inflammatory phenotype. We proposed that the dysbiotic state brought on by acute or recurrent Malaria may act as a latent risk factor, setting up the host environment for the emergence of hypertension via persistent barrier dysfunction, impaired SCFA signaling, and prolonged inflammation. This intersection implies that novel approaches to reducing the risk of hypertension in malaria-endemic populations may involve microbiome-targeted interventions.
Ajiboye, B.O, Oladipo S.O, Oladosu O.M, Oreitan Q.O, Orisamika A.O, Tajudeen S.O, Tiamiyu A.O
Climate change has emerged as one of the most critical environmental challenges of the 21st century, posing significant threats to natural ecosystems and the livelihoods that depend on them. In Nigeria, particularly in Oyo State, rural households rely heavily on forest resources for income generation, food supply, fuelwood, medicinal plants, and other socio-economic needs. However, increasing temperature fluctuations, irregular rainfall patterns, prolonged dry seasons, and extreme weather events have heightened the vulnerability of forest-dependent communities. The study examined the perceived effects of climate change on forest-dependent livelihoods among rural households in Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 90 respondents for the study. Data were collected with the aid of a well-structured interview schedule, while the inferential statistical tool employed was ordered probit regression. The study described the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, identified the perceived effects of climate change on forest-dependent livelihoods, and investigated the constraints hindering adaptation strategies.The study concluded that climate change has contributed to a reduction in the availability of timber. It was recommended that government agencies, extension officers, and non-governmental organizations organize regular training, workshops, and community outreach programmes on climate change adaptation and sustainable resource management.
Dr. Isah Shitu, Dr. Usman Baba Aliyu, Musa Shaba, Prof. Hassan Ibrahim
The study examines the effect of human capital efficiency moderated by Board members customers on value of non-financial firms in Nigeria quoted in the Nigeria Exchange Group for the period of 2020 to 2024. A total of eighty-six (86) firms were used after meeting up with the filtering criteria used for the study. Longitudinal research design was employed for the study. The study employs secondary data extracted from the Annual Reports and Accounts of the sampled companies. Diagnostic tests were carried out on the statistical procedure used in evaluating the validity and reliability of the analysis. Data were analyzed using Generalized Method of Moments; test for multicollinearity conducted using Variance Inflation Factors and heteroskedasticity test was conducted to ensure the validity and reliability of the research finding and ensure reliable and efficient estimates of the correlation coefficient. While the hypotheses were tested using regression model, the results shows that human capital efficiency moderated by board members continuous education does not positively and significantly moderate the effect of human capital efficiency of non- financial firms for the period under review. The study recommends that non- financial firms should engage in strong human capital investment by encouraging every staff to improve in their capacity either collectively or as individual. Managers of Nigerian non- financial firms should ensure capital development by linking training budgets to value creation metrics and embedding HCE in executive performance appriuisal.
Dr. Abhishek Tripathi, Mr. Anant Singh
This study investigates the effect of sustainable business practices on the financial performance of manufacturing SMEs in India, a sector vital to the country's GDP and employment. As sustainability becomes a key driver of competitive advantage, innovation, and cost reduction, the research focuses on how practices like energy efficiency, waste minimization, ethical labor practices, and responsible supply chain management influence financial metrics such as Earnings Per Share (EPS) in publicly listed companies within the textiles and consumer goods industries. Using a quantitative approach, data was gathered from annual reports, sustainability reports, and ESG disclosures, analyzing variables like the Sustainability Index, Dynamic Workplace, and Community Engagement. The regression analysis reveals that sustainability's overall impact on EPS is minimal: Dynamic Workplace negatively correlates with EPS, suggesting that improvements in workplace dynamics may decrease EPS, while Community Engagement shows a positive correlation with EPS, indicating that increased community involvement can boost financial outcomes. The Sustainability Index, however, does not exhibit a significant relationship with EPS, implying that it may not be a major driver of financial performance for the selected companies.
R. G. Hansamala Udeni Menike
Visual stimulation is a mental reaction from seeing or hearing, caused by lustful feelings—also known as visual lust or viewing lust. This viewing occurs with the mind as well as the eyes. Men enjoy the female body visually, prioritizing a woman's appearance over her inner self in relationships. The Sinhala Epic Poem (Mahakavya) “Kāvsīlūmiṇa” examines how the female body affects visual stimulation, with lust as its main flavor. How has the poet used the female body in the two “Kumari Vanum” praises to create visual stimulation and evoke desire? This study examines descriptive and metaphorical techniques in the “Kumari Vanum”, analyzes how they generate mental images and desire via semiotics, and demonstrates their role as a plot device in Kusa’s decision to marry. Using textual analysis, the semiotic approach follows Charles Sanders Peirce’s model: a sign represents an object and creates an interpretant (mental/emotional effect). Here, Object (Princess Pabavati’s idealized beauty), Sign (poetic descriptions/metaphors), Interpretant (mental image, arousal, Kusa’s marriage decision). Pre-seen signs visualize unfamiliar images; the two princess praises serve this purpose, inducing stimulation that matches the poetic content. Vivid imagery stimulates neurohormonal attraction, explaining the effect.
Mohd Fauzi Abu Hassan, Mohd Razali Md Yunos, Mohd Yuhazri Yaakob, Syahrul Azwan Sundi, Zolkarnain Marjom
Glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GFRE) composites are widely used in structural applications; however, their inherent brittleness and limited impact resistance restrict performance under dynamic loading conditions. To address these limitations while promoting material sustainability, this study investigates the mechanical behavior of GFRE hybrid composites reinforced with waste brass wire particulates generated from electrical discharge machining (EDM) processes. Hybrid laminates were fabricated using a hand lay‑up method, incorporating brass particulate contents ranging from 10 wt% to 90 wt% relative to glass fiber reinforcement, alongside neat epoxy (EP), glass‑only (GFRE), and brass‑only (WW) reference samples. Tensile, flexural, and Charpy impact tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D3039, ASTM D790, and ASTM D256 standards, respectively, and failure morphology was examined using optical microscopy. The results indicate that mechanical performance improves with increasing brass content up to an optimal level of 50 wt%. At this composition, the hybrid composite achieved a tensile strength of 287.55 MPa, flexural strength of 229.19 MPa, and impact energy absorption of 352.45 kJ/m², representing improvements of approximately 25% and 29% in tensile and flexural strength, respectively, compared to GFRE. Beyond this threshold, higher brass contents resulted in reduced performance due to particulate agglomeration and weakened interfacial bonding. These findings demonstrate that recycled waste brass particulates can effectively enhance the mechanical performance of GFRE composites when optimally incorporated, offering a viable approach for developing high‑performance, sustainable hybrid composite materials.
Babita Rani, Monika Sharma, Pramod Sood, Sunaina Mehmi
Background of the study: Pressure ulcers also known as bed sores, are localized damaged to the skin or underlying tissues that usually occurs over a bony prominence as a result of usually long term pressure or pressure in combination with shear or friction. The most common sites are the skin overlying the sacrum, coccyx, heels and hips, other sites can also be affected such as elbows, knees, ankles, back of shoulder or back of the cranium. Pressure ulcers occur due to pressure applied to soft tissues resulting in completely or partially obstructed blood flow to the soft tissues. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of Betadine versus normal saline on pressure ulcers among bedridden patients. Methods: A pretest posttest control group design (two groups) was used to assess the effectiveness of Betadine versus Normal saline on pressure ulcers among bedridden patients admitted in critical care areas of a tertiary care hospital, Ludhiana of DMCH. Total 30 bedridden patients were drawn from the target population by using total enumerative sampling technique and then allocation of subjects was done into experimental group1 (n1= 15) and experimental group2 (n2= 15) by lottery method. In experimental group1, betadine dressing twice a day for 6 consecutive days was done. In experimental group2, normal saline dressing twice a day for 6 consecutive days was done. Data was collected by using patients profile (which include socio- demographic profile and clinical profile) and PUSH tool for healing of pressure ulcers which include 3 components- Surface area, Exudate amount and Tissue type with the help of interview, observation, bio-physiological parameters and records and reports. Data was analyzed by using inferential and descriptive statistics. Results: The findings revealed that for healing process of pressure ulcer which includes surface area, exudates amount and tissue type: Non- significant result were found between experimental group1 and experiential group2 (p>0.05) in surface area, exudates amount and tissue type in all the observations from Day I to Day IV. It was concluded that there was no statistical significant results in mean of surface area within experimental group1 (p=.993) and experimental group2 (p=.996) and there was no statistical difference between the experimental group1 and experimental group2 from day I (p=.183) to day II (p=.176) to day III (p=.190) to day IV (p=.251) to day V (p=.224) to day VI (p=.127).It was concluded that there was no statistical difference between the total score of healing process of experimental group1 and experimental group2 on day I (p=.460) and day VI (p=.392). There was significant difference between the total score of healing process within the experimental group1 (p=.001) and experimental group2 (p=.001). Thus, null hypothesis was accepted. Conclusion: Both Betadine 10% and normal saline 0.9% can be recommended for pressure ulcer dressing in clinical practice.
Ajelara K.O., Alafia, A.O., Ani, G.U.
Aim: This study was conducted with a focus on assessing the susceptibility of the Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in Lagos state to twenty commercial aerosol insecticides brands. Study design: An entomological survey and a conventional bioassay. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between May and December 2025 in the Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Lagos State University, Nigeria. Methodology: Entomological surveys were conducted in the urban and rural areas of Lagos state using 105 structured questionnaire to understand the public opinion on the use of aerosol insecticides in controlling mosquitoes. The efficacy of the twenty aerosol insecticides was assessed using a conventional bioassay on adult Anopheles gambiae by exposing twenty adult Anopheles mosquitoes to 0.5ml of each of the insecticides; after the bioassay, Probit 1.5 software was used to determine the lethal concentrations of the insecticides that can knockdown and bring about mortality of 50% and 99% of exposed insects. Results: Findings revealed that about 96.19% residents of Lagos State prefer aerosol insecticides to other forms of vector control; while 3.81% do not use aerosol at all. The study further revealed that all aerosol insecticides marketed in Lagos State contained pyrethroids as the active ingredient, and Anopheles gambiae populations in the State remained susceptible to them, though toxicity levels varied. The most toxic was found to be Specimen A while the least toxic is V. All twenty test aerosol insecticides were able to cause 100% mortality in twenty exposed Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes after 60 minutes exposure period. Conclusion: The study discovered that aerosol insecticides are both the first choice of Lagos State residents and is equally effective at controlling Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. It is therefore suggested that pyrethrum based aerosol insecticides should be used in place of other toxic chemical insecticides; while putting into consideration safety precautions during and after use.
Dr Nikitha, Dr. Basavaraj P Bommanahalli, Dr. Jeenu J Jayan, Dr. Manika Alexander, Dr. Shwetha Patil
Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV) is an uncommon, progressive complication of chronic non-filarial lymphedema characterized by dermal fibrosis, papillomatosis, and hyperkeratotic verrucous plaques. We report a 56-year-old woman with diabetes and chronic lower limb ulcer who developed cobblestone-like plaques over the right leg. Laboratory findings showed inflammatory markers elevation, while filarial, fungal, and tubercular aetiologies were excluded. Histopathology revealed marked hyperkeratosis, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, dilated lymphatics, dermal fibrosis, and inflammatory infiltrate. D2-40 immunostaining confirmed lymphatic endothelial proliferation. Clinicopathological correlation established the diagnosis of ENV. Early recognition is essential to differentiate ENV from filarial elephantiasis and other mimickers to ensure appropriate multidisciplinary management.
Arpitha G A, Bhumika B K, Brunda U Jajur, Deepa Chandrashekhar Rathod, Usha K
Automatic recognition of human emotions from facial expressions and multimodal signals constitutes a foundational challenge in affective computing and human–computer interaction, with broad applications spanning healthcare monitoring, autonomous vehicle safety, educational technology, and social robotics. Despite remarkable progress driven by deep learning, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and Vision Transformers (ViT), achieving robust emotion recognition in unconstrained, real-world environments remains an open problem. This paper presents a comprehensive synthesis of over twenty-five state-of-the-art studies on facial and multimodal emotion recognition, encompassing CNN-based systems trained on FER2013, CK+, RAF-DB, and AffectNet; transformer-based hybrid architectures; and multimodal fusion systems integrating facial, speech, and electroencephalography (EEG) cues evaluated on RAVDESS, IEMOCAP, CMU-MOSEI, eNTERFACE'05, and MAHNOB-HCI. Building upon these insights, this work proposes a novel Hybrid CNN–ViT Multimodal Emotion Recognition (HCV-MER) framework comprising: (i) a squeeze-and-excitation ResNet combined with a Vision Transformer facial backbone incorporating region-specific attention over eyes and mouth; (ii) a lightweight temporal aggregation unit for video-level inference; and (iii) a cross-modal attention fusion module integrating facial and speech streams. Experimental evaluations target FER2013, RAF-DB, CK+, and RAVDESS using TensorFlow, PyTorch, and OpenCV. Expected improvements over baseline CNN architectures range from five to ten percentage points on challenging in-the-wild benchmarks. The paper further analyzes unresolved challenges including cross-domain generalization, demographic fairness, micro-expression recognition, and privacy-preserving deployment.
Aremu Abdurrahman Bolaji, Kawu Ahidjo Abdulkadiri, Maruf Sherif Temitope, Oderinde Gbadebo Afeez
Background: Spinal surgery outcomes are traditionally measured by fusion rates and complication counts, yet patients’ emotional and psychological well‑being is often neglected, especially in low‑resource settings. This study evaluates the postoperative emotional and psychological profile of Nigerian patients after pedicle screw fixation and incorporates qualitative insights into their lived experiences.
Ariel Antwaun Rolando C. Sison, Criselle J. Centeno, Diony S. Abando, Jon Carlo S. Celis, Milody B. Baldo, Reymund M. Dioses, Vivien A. Agustin
Many plant owners struggle to maintain healthy plant growth because they rely on manual observation and inconsistent care. Problems such as unnoticed leaf discoloration, wilting, poor light placement, and lack of personalized guidance may lead to plant stress and delayed intervention. To address these concerns, this study developed the EmotiPot system, a smart plant pot integrated with an Android mobile application for real-time plant monitoring and care support. The system combines a MobileNetV2-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for image classification, sensor-based monitoring, content-based filtering for personalized care recommendations, and a sliding-window trend-based method for assisted mobility. The CNN model was trained using 7,830 plant images classified into six categories: blackspots, cancer, greening, healthy, not plant, and wilting. The study followed a developmental research design using the Agile Scrum approach in building and testing the system. Results from the updated model showed a validation accuracy of 93.17%, indicating that the CNN was effective in classifying plant conditions. The system also successfully interpreted soil moisture and light readings, generated suitable care recommendations based on active thresholds, and supported manual and automatic movement toward better light conditions with ultrasonic-based obstacle detection. Overall, the EmotiPot system was able to meet its intended functions and showed potential as a practical and intelligent tool for supporting plant care through real-time monitoring, diagnosis, and guided decision-making.
C.S. Okafor, N.C. Maduka, S.K. Ogbuokebe, T.D. Ekwunife
Soft handoff decisions are only made whenever necessary so as to enhance the quality of service (QoS) of the Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) cellular network. Continuous soft handoffs hinder communication quality, increase network signalling overhead, slow down data transfer, and result in poor channel management. This paper empirically characterizes and models a typical WCDMA network with base station identifications of (AN0479K), (AN0052H), and (AN0530K), all located within Onitsha City, Anambra state, based on the parameters for handoff decision, which include Received Signal Strength (RSS) from current Base Station (BS) and neighbouring BS, the distance of the mobile system (MS) to the target BS, and the heading direction. It was observed that the RSS at the MS increases in strength as it approaches any one of the three BSs and decreases in strength as it moves away from any one of the BSs. This assures that there is no unnecessary handoffs in the WCDMA network and also that the Ping-Pong effect is suppressed when the developed model is assessed intelligently.
Darshan M, Ms Muthamma B U
Well-being and mental health of employees have become significant contributors to productivity in today’s global economy. Failing employee engagement, burnout, and the huge lost economics of low productivity are important business concerns. This study examines relationships between well-being, mental health, and performance. A qualitative secondary analysis of secondary data from Google Scholar, SSRN, PubMed, and ScienceDirect is conducted, along with a review of major reports from Gallup, World Health Organization, National Alliance on Mental Illness, and McKinsey & Company. Key theories used to understand employee well-being and its impact on work performance include Job Demands–Resources, Self-Determination Theory, and Conservation of Resources Theory. Employees missing work due to illness is a significant factor in lost productivity, with studies indicating annual lost productivity of around $600 billion in the U.S. alone due to presenteeism (47% of the global workforce is affected by presenteeism) and motivational withdrawal (around $438 billion in global lost productivity due to worker disengagement by 2024, Gallup, 2025). However, the evidence is clear that the crisis is driven by more fundamental organisational issues including poor quality management, unsafe psychological environments, and toxic cultures. Importantly, there is strong evidence that well-designed well-being interventions have a return on investment of 4:1 or more. This paper sets out recommendations for organisational leaders, human resources specialists, and public policymakers based on the existing evidence. Manager development, psychological safety, a broader perspective on measuring well-being, and an integrated approach to supporting mental health are identified as the highest-return organisational interventions to tackle the well-being and productivity challenge.
Al Reem Ghadban Juma Shlaie Al Shamshi, Ariel Gomez, Maatouk Khoukhi, Nihal Hakim, Nolasco Malabago, Rauda Thaaloub Salem Alderei, Reem Ali Maqlam Al Khalifi
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) faces a significant challenge in the form rapid urbanization coupled with cooling systems consumption of up to 60% of the nation’s total energy owing to extreme climatic conditions and climate change. The UAE’s Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry must have a performance metrics and frameworks to manage significant energy consumption challenges and be an active part of the UAE’s ambitious target of 2030 nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEBs). At present, the UAE’s AEC industry relies on “Reference Building Method” (Performance Method) to compares their proposed building to a theoretical “Reference Building” (a baseline version of itself that comply with the codes minimum requirements) to judge building energy performance, which lacks the precision needed for the region's extreme climate. The study deployed multivariate Principal Component Statistical Analysis (PCA) surveys to evaluate the 12 critical Energy Use Intensity (EUI) attributes for UAE University’s building energy performance design analysis. The PCA maps the mental model of the emerging UAE AEC workforce to decide their actual EUI-design competencies. To improve the study’s interpretability and make the factor loadings more distinct, the Rotated Component Matrix (or Varimax) rotation methods were used, and the 12 EUI attributes were categorized into two distinct clusters of competence for building design: Environmental Factors (sustainability) and Architectural Elements (physics). The PCA revealed three critical flaws: first, the low communality score (0.44) for Smart Control proves the emerging UAE AEC workforce (comprising 94.2% building design students) views building automation technology as an additive 'future opportunity'; second, there is an attribute category error where Energy Efficiency is regarded as physical architectural components rather than as part of the “efficient system performance”; and, third, there is a severe siloing effect within the emerging workforce, where renewable energy integration and smart controls are treated as isolated environmental add-ons rather than being integrated with fundamental physical building operations. The researchers recommend for curricular reform to UAEU design programs, technical integration of Smart Building Automation IoT training with HVAC management, redefining EUI variables to bridge the current design competency gap to shift focus from dynamic to real-world building design, operation, and maintenance competencies and reach the 2030 nZEB targets.
Blesiroz Louise M. Palma, Dr. Sherwin B. Toriano, Norika M. Katsumata
Microscopic identification of Entamoeba histolytica in traditional saline wet mounts is frequently compromised by poor refractive contrast and rapid specimen desiccation. This study evaluated 0.1% Methylene Blue-Glycerol as a specialized vital stain designed to enhance morphological visualization and extend the diagnostic window in resource-limited settings. A comparative analysis was conducted on 100 Entamoeba-positive fecal specimens. Each sample was evaluated via 0.85% saline wet mount and 0.1% Methylene Blue-Glycerol. Morphological quality was quantified using a 5-point Likert scale targeting Nuclear Definition, Cytoplasmic Detail, and Contrast Ratio. Statistical significance was determined using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, while inter-observer reliability among three independent microscopists was assessed using Fleiss’ Kappa. The Methylene Blue-Glycerol method yielded a statistically significant improvement over saline across all parameters. Nuclear definition increased by 148.3%, while the contrast ratio improved by 191.7%. Cytoplasmic detail rose by 87.2%, significantly improving the detection of erythrophagocytosis. Specimen longevity extended from a mean of 12 minutes in saline to over 120 minutes in Methylene Blue-Glycerol. Inter-observer reliability was "Almost Perfect" with an overall Fleiss’ Kappa of 0.84. The 0.1% Methylene Blue-Glycerol reagent provides a superior, low-cost alternative for amebiasis screening. By utilizing the cationic affinity of Methylene Blue for chromatin and the optical clearing properties of glycerol, this method standardizes morphological identification and offers a reliable bridge between traditional microscopy and costly molecular diagnostics.
Ajay Prakash K., Alan Eric P., Arijith. M., Dr. R. Pamila, Mohan K.
In an effort to enhance concrete's performance and sustainability, this study analyzes the possibility of partially replacing traditional ingredients with copper slag, a by-product of the copper industry. The primary objective of the study is to determine the way adding copper slag in place of cement and/or fine aggregates affects the workability, durability, and mechanical qualities of concrete, including its resistance to sulfate attack, chloride ion penetration, and freeze-thaw cycles, as well as its compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths. The study also looks at the advantages of using copper slag for the environment, such as a smaller reliance on natural resources, better waste management, and maybe lower carbon emissions from the production of cement. Based on studies, copper slag can enhance the strength and durability of concrete when added in suitable amounts. It also provides a more cost-effective and environmentally conscious substitute for conventional concrete mixtures. The results indicate that by reusing industrial waste materials and reducing the environmental impact of concrete production, copper slag can significantly contribute to a circular economy while supporting environmentally friendly practices in the construction sector.
Fivi Anggraini, Reni Yuliviona, Silvia Safitri
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on marketing performance. In addition, this study also analyzes the indirect effect of entrepreneurial orientation on marketing performance through competitive advantage as a mediating variable. This study uses a quantitative approach by collecting primary data through questionnaires. The study population includes all packaged culinary MSMEs in Payakumbuh City in 2024. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The sample in this study is 315 respondents. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) with SmartPLS to evaluate the direct and mediating relationships between variables. The results show that entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage. Entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage have a positive and significant effect on marketing performance. Competitive advantage is proven to mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and marketing performance.
Abinaya S
Environmental justice and human rights are widely acknowledged as interrelated frameworks for comprehending the disproportionate allocation of environmental detriment and safeguarding. Environmentally harmful activities extend beyond ecological issues since they involve social, political, and economic differences. Environmental degradation and violation of human rights have been studied in relation to each other in this study. The study proposes that pollution, climate change, environmental degradation, land grabbing, and unequal distribution of natural resources adversely affect disadvantaged social groups, such as indigenous populations, rural people, poor urban dwellers, and low-income individuals. In this paper, the issue of environmental justice will be discussed in the broader discourse of equality, dignity, sustainability, and democracy. The ways in which environmental disparity affects the rights to life, health, water, food, shelter, livelihood, and participation will be discussed. Moreover, this paper highlights how the Constitution of India, judicial measures, and environmental legislation have an impact on environmental justice. Particular attention is paid to air and water pollution, forest rights, displacement, and environmental problems faced by socially disadvantaged people. The state, business organizations, and other institutions have both contributed to and worked towards overcoming environmental damage. This paper argues that environmental justice is vital for protecting human rights and achieving sustainable development in India, which requires substantive equality, democracy, and ecological sustainability
Kelechukwu C.N. Dozie, Stephen O. Ihekuna
This paper discusses the Buys-Ballot estimators of the parameters of the quadratic trend model and their characteristics with emphasis on the additive model. The aim is to obtain estimators of the parameters of the series that admit the additive model. Stimulation examples are used to illustrate the characteristics of the additive model while comparing them with those of the multiplicative and mixed models. The method adopted in obtaining the estimators of the parameters are those proposed for the series that admits additive model. The results indicate that Buys-Ballot estimates for the additive model have characteristics slightly different from those of the multiplicative and mixed models. The difference occurs in the standard deviations. The standard deviation of the additive appears linear while those of the multiplicative and mixed models appear curvilinear.
Juliet Sophia, Pavithra Shetty
The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into financial services has transformed how institutions operate, assess risk, and engage with customers. While AI enhances efficiency, reduces costs, and supports financial inclusion, it also raises significant ethical concerns. This study develops a conceptual understanding of these challenges, focusing on key issues such as algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, data privacy, accountability, and their implications for trust and financial stability. Adopting a conceptual research design, the study synthesises recent literature to examine how ethical risks emerge across different stages of the AI lifecycle, from data collection to deployment and monitoring. Through thematic analysis, a multi-dimensional framework is proposed, integrating ethical risk dimensions, lifecycle stages, and governance mechanisms. The study also advances a set of propositions linking ethical factors with outcomes such as user trust, perceived risk, and AI adoption. The findings reveal that ethical challenges are highly interconnected, with fairness and transparency playing a central role in shaping trust and acceptance. The study highlights the importance of governance mechanisms, including explainable AI and ethical oversight, in mitigating risks. Overall, the research provides a foundation for responsible and sustainable AI adoption in financial services.
Alger P. Dura, Cherry Mae B. Icat
Public sector employees face growing demands to perform effectively in challenging and politically influenced work environments. This study examined how ethical leadership and political behavior predict employee performance in a national government agency. Using a sequential explanatory design, the research combined quantitative and qualitative approaches to capture both measurable relationships and lived experiences. The initial quantitative results revealed high levels of ethical leadership, political behavior, and employee performance. Regression analysis showed that both ethical leadership and political behavior significantly predict performance, with political behavior emerging as the stronger predictor. Following the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted. Thematic analysis revealed five major themes: transparency and clear communication, fairness and equal treatment, flexibility and adaptability, integrity and role modeling, and commitment to public service on the Experiences of participants on ethical leadership, political behavior, and employee performance. Employees perceived that ethical leadership builds motivation and accountability through fairness, open communication, and transparency, while political behavior influences opportunities and exposure. Although politics sometimes fosters favoritism and unequal advancement, employees' flexibility, initiative, and resilience enable them to maintain productivity and commitment to public service. The study concludes that ethical leadership strengthens trust and organizational integrity, but political behavior exerts a greater impact on performance outcomes. In the joint display and integration of quantitative and qualitative results, it indicated that the nature of integration was connecting-confirmation, implying that the results of the quantitative phase were confirmed.
Diya Jain, Dr. Deepti Sharma, Pallak Anand
The propensity of large language models (LLMs) to generate factually unsupported yet linguistically convincing text—commonly referred to as hallucination—poses a fundamental obstacle to their adoption in accuracy-critical settings. This paper investigates whether prompt engineering techniques can meaningfully reduce hallucination and strengthen user-perceived factual reliability. A sequential mixed-methods design was employed: a systematic review of fourteen peer-reviewed sources spanning 2017–2026, combined with an original empirical survey of 96 participants [15] who evaluated AI-generated responses across three prompting conditions—basic (A), structured (B), and detailed/context-rich (C). Perceived accuracy rates were calculated per question and condition, and a weighted completeness metric was derived to quantify informational depth across conditions. Results indicate that 56.3% of respondents maintain only partial trust in AI-generated facts and that users systematically prefer brief responses irrespective of their informational completeness—a behavioural pattern termed the brevity-trust bias. Step-by-step instruction was the most endorsed prompting strategy (55.2%), independently corroborating chain-of-thought prompting from the scholarly literature. Objective analysis further shows that basic prompts yielded the lowest weighted completeness scores across all five questions despite dominating user preference. The study concludes with a five-component integrated mitigation framework combining user-side prompting, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), automated fact-checking, and structured user education.
Dr. Mallikarjun Naik, Shreesh Ballary
India, in order to emerge as a global leader, has the requirement to grow the economy in a holistic approach. Sustainable development(SD) is one of the major concerns in monitoring the development of the nation. Promoting sustainable development requires adequate financial resources for investment. In India, over the last decade, green finance has come to the foreground as an initiative to stimulate SD. This study deals with the lineage of Green Finance in India and tries to throw light on the various Green Finance Instruments available in the Indian Financial Market, and assesses the public awareness regarding green finance in India. This study also highlights progress made by green finance, especially with respect to green bonds(GB), as only a few research studies have been carried out on it exclusively. To investigate the progress made, data was gathered from various secondary sources, i.e., from official websites, particularly of RBI and SEBI, and Journals, research articles, and other websites are also referred to. The findings concluded that with increasing awareness of green finance among the public, designing a better information management system and increasing the coordination amongst contributors of Financial System expedites achievement of sustainable growth, as well as research noted various challenges faced in promotion of green finance. The research also reveals that Green Finance has made monumental progress from past decades. As of late 2024 and through 2025, India stands as the eighteenth largest source of aligned GSS+ debt globally and the fourth largest among emerging markets in terms of cumulative green bond issuance.
Dr. P. Meghashyamala, Dr. S. Pratap, HOD, Nakirekanti Mallikarjun
Total Quality Management (TQM) has evolved as a strategic approach for enhancing service quality, operational efficiency, and patient satisfaction in healthcare institutions. In the context of hospitals, TQM emphasizes continuous improvement, patient-centered care, and employee involvement, particularly among frontline healthcare workers such as nurses. This study examines the role of TQM practices in improving nurse behavior and nurse–patient relationships in selected hospitals in Warangal. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires from patients across six hospitals. Statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, and t-test were applied for analysis. The findings reveal that nurse behavior and interpersonal relationships significantly influence patient satisfaction, highlighting the importance of HR practices aligned with TQM principles. The study concludes that effective implementation of TQM enhances service quality and patient trust in healthcare institutions.
Cecilia C. Garson, Gerard Albert Garson, Lilian F. Uy, Rigor Tombale, Roy N. Villalobos
Work Life Balance (WLB) has been noted as an important area of human resource management and is receiving increasing attention from policy makers, organization’s, management, employees and their representatives globally. The concept of work-life balance is growing in importance day by day in today’s fast paced global world. Moreover, it also means that individuals in the workplace can effectively manage its own personal life and responsibilities to be productive and successful at work while ensuring that they have time to live a grounded personal life. In the Public Sector organization in the Philippines, it is one of the mandates of the Civil Service Commission to ensure the physical and mental health being of the employees. In President Ramon Magsaysay State University, the Human Resource Development Office implements programs such as mental health awareness, physical fitness programs and other relevant activities to maintain a healthy work life balance. Using qualitative research this study examined the importance of work life balance in the overall wellbeing of PRMSU employees. It also investigated how the employees achieve work life balance and how the university’s programs improved the overall wellbeing of the employees. The study revealed that Family responsibilities, physical and mental health as well as workloads are the factors that affect their WLB. The study also showed that the work life balance of the school is a way to destress, further it also promotes healthy work environment, improved productivity, and better time management. Overall, the study showed that PRMSU employees have work life balance.
Jane Anita Kolompoy, Jesika Patricia Hadi, Meildy E. Pascoal, Stefanny Zulistya Wenno
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) remains a persistent public health problem in Indonesia, including Manado City, where Paniki Bawah has been identified as one of the higher-burden areas. This study examined factors associated with DHF prevention behavior and explored the contextual conditions that either support or hinder routine prevention practices at household level. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was applied. The quantitative phase used a cross-sectional survey of 56 community respondents selected through simple random sampling, followed by in-depth interviews with 8 purposively selected informants, consisting of 6 community members and 2 health workers, to help explain the survey findings. The questionnaire assessed knowledge, attitude, perception, and prevention behavior. Quantitative data were analyzed using chi-square tests and odds ratios (ORs), while qualitative data were transcribed, coded, categorized, and triangulated with observation notes. Good prevention behavior was reported by 29 of 56 respondents (51.8%). Knowledge was associated with prevention behavior (OR 26.00, 95% CI 3.08-219.39, p < 0.001); attitude was also associated with prevention behavior (OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.28-13.35, p = 0.015); and perception was associated with prevention behavior (OR 8.98, 95% CI 2.68-30.12, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings further showed that preventive behavior was shaped not only by what people knew or believed, but also by infrastructure availability, family support, and the role of health workers. At the same time, fogging and abate distribution were often described as reactive measures introduced after cases had already occurred. In summary, knowledge, attitude, and perception were significantly related to DHF prevention behavior, while enabling and reinforcing factors influenced whether prevention efforts were maintained consistently at household level.
David Masinde, Emmah Ouma, Maureen Winga
Background: Young adults living with HIV face a high burden of mental health disorders that may negatively affect adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Family support has been identified as a key protective factor, yet evidence among young adults in high HIV burden settings in Kenya remains limited. This study assessed the association between family support, mental well-being, and ART adherence among young adults living with HIV in Western Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 289 young adults aged 18–30 years receiving HIV care at Chulaimbo Sub-County Hospital, Kisumu County, Kenya. Family support was measured using a family connectedness scale, while mental well-being was assessed using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and ART adherence using the Wilson 3-item scale and the MMAS-4. Multivariable regression models examined associations between variables. Results: The mean age of participants was 25.2±3.8 years and 80.3% were female. Depression was reported by 17.3% of participants, anxiety by 11.8%, and comorbid depression and anxiety by 24.2%. Overall, 88.9% demonstrated good or excellent adherence. Higher family support was significantly associated with lower depression and anxiety scores (β = −0.69, 95% CI −1.12 to −0.26, p=0.002) and higher odds of optimal ART adherence (OR = 9.30, 95% CI 1.78–48.67, p=0.008). Conclusions: Strong family support is associated with improved mental well-being and ART adherence among young adults living with HIV. Integrating family-centered and mental health interventions into HIV care programs may enhance treatment outcomes in high-burden settings.
Diogo Aniekwe
Cyber threat intelligence empowers diverse organizations to detect and respond to new and evolving threats proactively. However, issues surrounding privacy and compliance restrictions nonetheless hinder practical implementation. This study explores the adoption of Federated Learning (FL) as a privacy-preserving alternative to traditional CTI sharing strategies. FL protects data sovereignty and conforms to privacy regulations by enabling multiple participating organizations to collaboratively train threat detection models together without disclosing sensitive information. The proposed approach promotes confidentiality while preserving threat detection accuracy by incorporating FL with mechanisms such as differential privacy and secure aggregation. This work highlights a conceptual system design for FL CTI sharing, analyzes the trade-offs between accuracy and privacy, and simulates how models can be evaluated for accuracy in a non-IID environment. The findings reveal that while privacy-preserving mechanisms result in acceptable performance degradation, personalized federated learning (FL) models enhance per-client accuracy in a multi-data setting. This study contributes a secure, flexible, and compliant approach to collaborative CTI sharing among organizations in diverse industries.
Dr. Bello Hassan T.
Financial development and capital market performance are widely recognized as mutually reinforcing components of economic growth. However, in Nigeria, this relationship has been constrained by persistent macroeconomic instability, structural inefficiencies, and institutional weaknesses. Despite various financial sector reforms, the Nigerian capital market continues to experience volatility, raising concerns about the effectiveness of financial development in enhancing market performance. This study examines the nexus between financial development and capital market performance in Nigeria during the period 2019–2025. The primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of financial development on capital market performance in Nigeria. Specifically, it seeks to examine how financial development influences market size and liquidity indicators, while also evaluating the roles of key macroeconomic variables such as inflation, exchange rate, and interest rate spread in shaping capital market outcomes. The study employs market capitalization, All Share Index, value of transactions, and turnover ratio as proxies for capital market performance. Due to limited availability of consistent financial development data, real gross domestic product (RGDP) is used as a proxy for financial development.
Aamir Imam, Badruddeen, Ijlal Husain, Juber Akhtar, Khushi Mishra, Md. Hasheem Khan, Mohammad Ahmad, Mohammad Irfan Khan, Mohd. Mohsin
The present investigation focuses on the formulation and comprehensive evaluation of a novel gastroretentive floating tablet based on banana powder, designed to increase the gastric residence time of the drug and prolong the therapeutic action. Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) offer a promising strategy to improve the bioavailability of drugs or nutrients that exhibit preferential absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract or show instability under intestinal conditions. Banana (Musa acuminata), a rich source of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, resistant starch, and fructooligosaccharides, was selected for its documented gastroprotective, prebiotic, and antioxidant properties. Floating tablets were prepared by the wet granulation technique using xanthan gum and acacia gum as hydrophilic matrix forming polymers, sodium bicarbonate as gas generating agent, and starch and talc as pharmaceutical excipients. The developed formulations were systematically evaluated for physicochemical parameters including hardness, friability, thickness, weight variation, in vitro buoyancy and swelling behavior. The tablets exhibited satisfactory mechanical strength (hardness: 5.68 ± 0.15 kg/cm²; friability: 0.62%), uniform thickness (4.12 ± 0.02 mm), and acceptable weight variation within pharmacopoeial limits. Effective buoyancy and gastric retention were confirmed for both short term (52 seconds) and longer term (>12 hours) durations. The swelling index (78% at 6 hours) demonstrated controlled hydration and matrix integrity, supporting sustained release behavior. The findings highlight the potential of a banana-based natural polymer system as a safe, cost-effective, and gastroprotective floating drug delivery platform. This study provides a scientific basis for the development of plant-based gastroretentive formulations with advanced therapeutic and nutraceutical applications.
Ganapathy Raj S., Radha Palaniswamy R., Suriya R.
The increasing demand for sustainable and plant-based cosmetic formulations has promoted the exploration of agro-waste materials as potential sources of bioactive compounds. The present study investigates the extraction of phytochemicals from selected fruit and vegetable peels, namely pomegranate (Punica granatum), orange (Citrus sinensis), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and carrot (Daucus carota), and their application in the formulation of a herbal face cream. The combined peel powder was subjected to Soxhlet extraction using ethanol, followed by preliminary phytochemical screening, antioxidant evaluation using DPPH radical scavenging assay, antimicrobial activity assessment by agar well diffusion method, and chromatographic analysis using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and other secondary metabolites. The extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity, indicating strong free radical scavenging potential. Antimicrobial studies demonstrated inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. HPLC chromatograms recorded at 214 nm and 280 nm revealed multiple peaks corresponding to UV-active phenolic and flavonoid compounds indicating effectiveness to be used as a skin bleach.
Uthayan Thurairajah
Artificial lighting is essential to modern society, enabling safety, productivity, and economic activity after dark. However, a growing body of research shows that light, especially artificial light at night (ALAN)—also acts as a biological signal that can disrupt the body’s internal clock (circadian system). This review critically examines how light exposure affects human health, drawing on key findings from chronobiology, neuroscience, and environmental health. A structured landmark study approach was used to select twelve highly influential studies based on their scientific impact, methodological rigour, and role in shaping current understanding. These studies were grouped into four core domains: (1) discovery of the melanopsin-based non-visual photoreception system, (2) associations between ALAN, night work, and cancer risk, (3) dose–response relationships between light exposure and melatonin suppression, and (4) spectral sensitivity to short-wavelength (“blue”) light. Across these domains, consistent evidence shows that biological responses to light are primarily influenced by three factors: the amount of light reaching the eye (corneal illuminance), the timing and duration of exposure, and the spectral composition of light, particularly blue-rich wavelengths. Importantly, commonly used lighting measures such as lux—designed for visual performance—do not adequately capture these biological effects. This review identifies key gaps between scientific knowledge and real-world application, including inconsistent measurement of light exposure, limited long-term field studies, and insufficient integration of biologically relevant metrics into lighting standards. The main contribution of this work is to synthesise landmark evidence into a clear, interdisciplinary framework that bridges science, engineering, and policy. It highlights the need to move beyond conventional lighting metrics toward biologically informed design and regulation, such as incorporating spectral weighting, exposure timing considerations, and eye-level measurements into standards. Policy and practical implications include revising outdoor and indoor lighting guidelines to minimise harmful nighttime exposure, informing public health recommendations, and guiding the design of LED systems that balance visibility with human well-being. This study is a focused, landmark-based critical review rather than a full systematic review, intended to clarify foundational evidence and accelerate its translation into practice amid the rapid global expansion of artificial lighting.
Dr. Tulsidas Nimbekar, Nisarg Madhukar Parwe, Roshani D. Agrawal
Stimuli-responsive microgels are a versatile class of soft, cross-linked polymeric particles capable of undergoing reversible structural or volume changes when exposed to external triggers such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, enzymes, redox conditions, light, or magnetic fields. Their unique combination of swelling behavior , high water content, tunable porosity, and surface functionality makes them highly suitable for modern biomedical and technological applications. Over the past two decades, significant advancements in polymer chemistry, nanofabrication, and microfluidics have enabled the development of sophisticated microgel architectures including core–shell, hollow, hybrid, and multi-stimuli responsive systems. These engineered microgels are now widely explored for controlled drug delivery, biosensing, imaging, tissue engineering, and environmental remediation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development, chemistry, mechanisms of responsiveness, synthesis approaches, characterization methods, recent technological advancements, and diverse applications of stimuli-responsive microgels. Additionally, current challenges, limitations, and future research directions are discussed to highlight the growing potential of microgels as next-generation smart materials.
Keerthanaa Vijayanand
Safe drinking water remains inaccessible to approximately 2.2 billion people globally, partly because existing assessment frameworks do not adequately capture the uncertainty embedded in water quality data and expert judgment. This study proposes a compounded fuzzy entropy framework that integrates Triangular Fuzzy Number (TFN) representation, alpha-cut interval reduction at a confidence level of 0.8, defuzzification through an optimism index of 0.5, and Shannon entropy-based objective weighting. The framework ranks six drinking water parameters Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, Turbidity, Temperature, and total Coliform against four decision criteria: Environmental Impact, Human Health Risk, Variability, and Treatment Complexity. Working through the full numerical chain from expert ratings to weighted composite scores, Coliform emerges as the most critical parameter (S = 0.2153), followed by BOD (0.2056), DO (0.1721), pH and Turbidity (0.1555 each), and Temperature (0.0961). Health Risk carries the heaviest criterion weight (W = 0.3671), a result that follows directly from the entropy calculation: health-related ratings vary more across parameters than any other criterion, producing maximum discriminatory power. The approach avoids the consistency constraints of conventional fuzzy AHP and does not require full pairwise comparison matrices. Sensitivity tests across alpha in [0.6, 1.0] and lambda in [0.3, 0.7] confirm that Coliform and Temperature rankings are structurally stable, while intermediate ranks show modest sensitivity to the optimism index. The results support a tiered monitoring strategy prioritising microbiological surveillance and organic load reduction ahead of physical parameters.
Nida Fathima, Stany Mariya Joji
Health perceptions and wellness practices are socially constructed and are shaped by generational experiences, socio-cultural contexts, and ongoing technological transformations. These perceptions are not static; rather, they evolve over time as individuals interact with changing social environments and systems of knowledge. This study examines generational differences in health perceptions and wellness practices in Kerala, India, by comparing four distinct cohorts, namely Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z. By focusing on these cohorts, the study aims to understand how historical context and lived experiences influence health-related attitudes and behaviors. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight participants representing these cohorts within a family setting in Puramannur, Malappuram district, thereby allowing for an in-depth exploration of intergenerational dynamics within a shared socio-cultural context. The findings reveal a clear generational transition in health orientations. Older generations rely predominantly on traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and home remedies, reflecting culturally embedded practices and long-standing belief systems. In contrast, younger generations increasingly adopt modern biomedical approaches and digital health technologies, influenced by scientific advancements and greater access to information. Significant differences are observed in areas such as digital health adoption, mental health awareness, lifestyle practices, and patterns of healthcare utilization. The study employs Generational Cohort Theory, Social Constructionism, the Social Determinants of Health framework, and Bourdieu’s concept of habitus to interpret these variations. Overall, the research contributes to medical sociology by offering a localized intergenerational perspective and provides policy-relevant insights for designing inclusive, sustainable, and technologically adaptive healthcare systems.
Dr. V. R Srinivasan, Dr. Vaijayanthi Sivakumar
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and results from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors (1, 2). Although traditional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia are well established, genetic predisposition significantly contributes to disease susceptibility and progression (1, 12). Advances in genome-wide association studies (GWAS)have identified numerous loci associated with CAD, implicating pathways related to lipid metabolism, inflammation, and vascular remodeling (3,13,14). Epigenetic mechanisms and gene-environment interactions further modulate disease expression and contribute to phenotypic variability (9, 22). Polygenic risk scores (PRS), which integrate the cumulative effects of multiple genetic variants, have emerged as valuable tools for risk prediction and early identification of high-risk individuals (10, 16). However, despite these advances, challenges related to clinical implementation, population diversity, and ethical considerations remain significant barriers to translation into routine practice ( 24, 28,29). This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of the genetic architecture of CAD and highlights the translational potential and limitations of precision medicine approaches in cardiovascular care.
Gasim Abbasov, Lala Gurbanzada, Nurlan Khalilov
Azerbaijan's thermal water resources have been comprehensively investigated regarding their geological structure, physical-chemical properties, and economic potential. The primary objective is the scientifically grounded assessment of the therapeutic effects of thermal waters, their application prospects in the tourism sector, and their potential for utilization as energy resources. Research indicates that thermal waters can be utilized in industrial heat energy processes, greenhouse farming, residential district heating, and agriculture. This both lowers energy costs and strengthens energy security by reducing the country’s dependence on hydrocarbon reserves. From an ecological perspective, geothermal energy, as a clean and renewable source, contributes to the reduction of carbon emissions. Regarding tourism, resort zones, health centers, and recreational complexes established around thermal springs accelerate the socio-economic development of regions and reduce seasonal tourism dependency. Balneologically, thermal waters are effective in treating rheumatological diseases, skin problems, and nervous system disorders, thereby stimulating the development of sanatorium-resort complexes. Expanding this field increases public access to health services. As a result of a scientifically based approach and the application of modern technologies, it is possible to utilize the potential of thermal waters more effectively.
Aayushi Ganvir, Jitendra Choudhary, Priti Sanjay Patil
This paper presents the design and implementation of a gesture-controlled omnidirectional robot using mecanum wheels. The system uses ESP32 microcontrollers and ESP-NOW protocol for wireless communication. A gesture sensor (e.g. accelerometer/gyro or hand gesture module) captures user commands which are transmitted via ESP32 to the robot. The robot’s motion (forward, backward, left, right, strafe, rotate) is achieved through independent control of four mecanum wheels. Experimental results show responsive control, low latency, and reliable motion in various terrains. In addition to locomotion, the robot integrates an ESP32-CAM module for real-time video monitoring, a smoke detector for fire or gas detection, and a buzzer for audible alerts in case of abnormal events. The combination of these features enhances both mobility and safety, making the system suitable for surveillance, hazardous environment inspection, and smart monitoring applications. Experimental results demonstrate reliable gesture recognition, stable omnidirectional motion, and effective alert generation with the integrated modules. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first integrated platform combining ESP-NOW-based gesture control, mecanum wheel omnidirectional locomotion, MQ-2 smoke detection, and ESP32-CAM surveillance in a single low-cost robotic system. The proposed system achieves a gesture recognition accuracy of 96.3% and a control latency of 48 ms, outperforming Bluetooth-based alternatives.
A. Brunthahini, PGRNI Pussella
Land suitability evaluation for agricultural crop cultivation is crucial to maximum agricultural productivity with sustainability of the environment. Land suitability evaluation for tea, paddy and rubber plantations in the Ratnapura District in Sri Lanka is conducted in this research using remote sensing and GIS technologies. Significant environmental conditions like slope, aspect, elevation, rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature, soil type and pH were analyzed and reclassified. Fuzzy membership functions and fuzzy overlay techniques were used to generate crop-specific suitability maps. Supervised classification using the Random Forest method was employed for getting the most recent land use map with 81.42% accuracy and 0.7683 Kappa coefficient, confirming good reliability of classification. Mismatch analysis revealed that 19.45% of tea, 31.98% of paddy and 29.06% of rubber plantations are performed in low or not suitable places, reflecting inefficiency in land utilization currently. To this, a crop reallocation study was conducted to identify substitute crops that are suitable for these unsuitable regions. Results showed that a significant proportion of these lands is highly convertible to other crops, for example, 46.58% of tea mismatch lands are convertible to paddy and rubber, while 46.11% of rubber mismatch lands are convertible to tea and paddy. These findings support the use of alternative or mixed cropping systems to enhance land use efficiency and sustainability. The study recommends data-driven planning, environmentally friendly methods such as terracing and best irrigation and regular GIS-based monitoring for agricultural sustainability. Overall, GIS-based land suitability analysis is an effective means of land use optimization and minimizing environmental impacts in the Ratnapura District.
Abhishek Kumar Srivastava, Anamika Tiwari, Dr. Manjusha Goel
Environmental Accounting is an important tool for understanding the role played by business enterprises in the economy in relation to environmental safety and welfare. It provides data highlighting both the contribution of business enterprises to economic well-being and the costs imposed in the form of pollution or resource degradation. Therefore, recent years have witnessed rising concern for environmental degradation which is taking place due to increasing industrial activities. It may be noted here that environmental degradation and pollution spoil human health, reduce economic productivity and lead to loss of amenities. Developing countries like India face the twin problems of protecting the Environment and promoting economic development. A trade-off between Environmental protection and development is required. Green accounting has gained importance in India in recent years, as the country faces numerous environmental challenges, including air pollution, water scarcity, and climate change. In response to these challenges, the Indian government has implemented various policies and initiatives to promote sustainable development and encourage businesses to adopt green accounting practices.
Abdulahi Musa, Ebiye CHARLES, Ibrahim Babangida Umar, WACHUKWU Elendu
This study investigated Green Entrepreneurship and Employment Generation in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. The aim and objectives of the study is to examine the impact Green Entrepreneurship and Employment Generation in Ikwerre Local Government Area (LGA) of Rivers State. Based on the study specific objectives, three research questions were raised and one hypothesis was formulated. The study adopted the survey research design; a sample size 200 respondents were drawn from the target population of 316 green entrepreneurs using the systematic sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a self-constructed structured questionnaire which had been validated and subjected to Cronbach alpha reliability indexes of .859 and .782. The data collection was done after administration and retrieval of questionnaires with the help of trained research assistants. Out of the 200 questionnaires administered, 164 questionnaires were retrieved and used for analysis. The analysis of data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of IBM Statistical Package for Social Science version 26.0. The results indicated that most of the identified green entrepreneurship ventures exist in Ikwerre LGA, are Waste recycling, organic farming, renewable energy businesses and eco-friendly packaging products; also indicates that green entrepreneurship significantly contributes to employment generation in Ikwerre LGA. The study concluded that green entrepreneurship ventures are present and there is a significant relationship between green entrepreneurship and employment generation in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State, particularly in waste recycling, organic farming, renewable energy and eco-friendly packaging; and it significantly contributes to employment generation in the area. It was recommended that government and private investors should encourage investment in eco-friendly transport systems such as electric bikes and fuel-efficient vehicles through incentives and awareness campaigns; the government and NGOs should provide targeted training, soft loans and startup support to further increase youth and women employment in green enterprises and should also organize regular workshops and skill acquisition programmes to improve technical knowledge in renewable energy, waste management and sustainable agriculture .
Abuya, Joshua Olang’o
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) has emerged as a central global health priority under Sustainable Development Goal 3, which seeks to ensure equitable access to quality healthcare services without financial hardship. Despite widespread policy commitments, many developing countries continue to face systemic challenges in achieving UHC due to inefficiencies in healthcare delivery systems and supply chains. Healthcare supply chains play a critical role in ensuring the availability, accessibility, and affordability of essential medicines and healthcare commodities required for service delivery. This study examines the influence of healthcare supply chain capabilities on Universal Health Coverage outcomes in Kenya using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Specifically, the study investigates the effects of inventory optimization, supply chain integration, supply chain analytics, and strategic purchasing on healthcare supply chain performance and UHC outcomes. A cross‑sectional survey design was used to collect primary data from healthcare administrators, procurement officers, pharmacists, and supply chain managers across public hospitals in Kenya. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS‑SEM). The results reveal that healthcare supply chain capabilities significantly influence supply chain performance, which subsequently impacts Universal Health Coverage outcomes including service availability, healthcare accessibility, and cost efficiency. Supply chain integration and inventory optimization were identified as the strongest predictors of supply chain performance. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening healthcare supply chain systems as a strategic pathway for achieving Universal Health Coverage in Kenya. The study contributes to both supply chain management and health systems literature by providing empirical evidence linking healthcare supply chain capabilities to health system outcomes in developing countries.
Pauline Mileji, Peggy Musonda Mutale, Simakando Silongwa
This study examines the human rights challenges faced by children in detention in Zambia from multiple stakeholder perspectives. Guided by the interpretivist paradigm, the study employed a qualitative descriptive design to explore lived experiences and institutional practices affecting detained children. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with correctional officers, parents, and teachers (n = 15), selected using purposive heterogeneous sampling. Thematic analysis, following Braun and Clarke (2006), was used to analyse the data. The findings reveal that children in detention experience systemic human rights violations, including restricted freedom of movement and assembly, engagement in punitive labour, limited access to education, and constrained family interaction. These conditions negatively affect psychological well-being, social development, and reintegration outcomes. Drawing on child welfare theory, the study argues that detention practices in Zambia remain predominantly punitive and inconsistent with international child rights standards. The study recommends strengthening oversight mechanisms, expanding access to education and psychosocial services, and promoting non-custodial alternatives to detention. The findings contribute to ongoing debates on juvenile justice reform in developing contexts.
Keerthanaa Vijayanand
Water contamination from industrial, agricultural, and municipal sources continues to challenge global public health and ecosystem integrity. Conventional wastewater treatment methods exhibit significant limitations in addressing recalcitrant pollutants, including heavy metals, azo dyes, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, and persistent organic compounds. Hybrid bioremediation the strategic integration of enzyme-based systems, engineered microbial consortia, and functional nanomaterials has emerged as a transformative paradigm that overcomes the individual limitations of each approach through synergistic mechanisms. This comprehensive review systematically evaluates the current state of the art across five interconnected domains: (1) enzyme-based bioremediation systems, encompassing free and immobilized oxidoreductases, hydrolases, and the emerging class of nanozymes; (2) microbial consortia including bacteria, fungi, microalgae, and CRISPR-engineered synthetic biology constructs; (3) nanoparticle-assisted treatment using metal oxides (TiO₂, ZnO, Fe₃O₄), zero-valent iron (nZVI), carbon-based materials (CNTs, graphene oxide), and chitosan nanocomposites; (4) synergistic hybrid mechanisms that dramatically amplify pollutant removal with COD reductions of 92–96%, heavy metal removal of 85–97%, and dye decolorization exceeding 90%; and (5) environmental risks, ecotoxicity, and regulatory safety considerations of nanomaterials deployed in open treatment systems. A critical analysis of technology readiness levels reveals that while microbial consortia and free enzyme systems have reached commercial deployment (TRL 7–8), nano-enzyme hybrids and CRISPR-engineered organisms remain at TRL 2–4. The paper proposes a risk-benefit framework for responsible hybrid bioremediation deployment and identifies five priority research directions including biodegradable nanomaterial design, federated digital twin modeling, and regulatory harmonization under REACH and emerging nanowaste governance frameworks.
Bavisha Pankaj, Dr. D. Deva Hema, Pranjal Upadhyay, Skanthah Lakshmi Senthilkumar
Early-Onset Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a major clinical concern due to the continuous neurological degeneration and slight prodromal symptoms. The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in patients with Parkinson’s Disease directly influences both motor and vocal activities. The acoustic degradation in patients’ voices is more pronounced than other motor activities. Vocal parameters such as jitter, shimmer, and harmonics to noise ratio have exhibited high potential for early Parkinson’s Disease detection. However, supervised learning models such as Logistic Regression and Gradient Boosting are unable to capture the non-linear variability in pathological speech. In this regard, a novel framework known as the Hybrid Neuro-Explainable Ensemble Framework (HNEF) is proposed. The framework integrates two supervised learning models, namely Regularized Logistic Regression and Gradient Boosting, using a weighted soft voting approach. The framework can capture linear and non-linear decision boundaries. Moreover, a novel hybrid oversampling technique is incorporated to tackle the common class imbalance in Parkinson’s Disease datasets. The technique combines K-Means-based synthetic minority oversampling and density-sensitive oversampling. The relevance of features is determined via a sequential two-stage pipeline consisting of Recursive Feature Elimination and Mutual Information scoring, thus ensuring the preservation of the most diagnostically relevant vocal features. The prediction pipeline incorporates features of interpretability via the SHAP-based global attribution and the attention mechanism, thus ensuring accountability in the telemedicine and AI-assisted clinical settings. The experimental results, considering the standard PD speech dataset, show the efficacy of HNEF with a classification accuracy of 97.8%, an F1-score of 97.1%, and an AUC-ROC value of 0.99, thus outperforming all the individual baseline models, including SVM, Random Forest, XGBoost, and deep neural networks. The ten-fold cross-validation results show the robustness of the findings with a high accuracy of 97.5% ± 0.5%. The potential of HNEF will be explored for the extension of the system to speech monitoring for tracking disease progression, its integration with multimodal biomarkers including gait and EEG, and its prospective validation with demographically diverse patients for achieving regulatory approval.
ADENIRAN, Taiwo Esther, ADEOTI, Adesoji Isaac, AROWOSEGBE, Taiwo
The effectiveness of biological assets disclosure under IAS 41 in improving financial reporting quality, particularly in emerging markets with weak institutional frameworks and complex valuation environments became o growing concern. Therefore, this study examined the effect of biological assets disclosure on financial reporting quality of listed agro-allied firms in Nigeria using an ex post facto research design and panel data covering the period 2015 to 2024. A disclosure index based on IAS 41 requirements was constructed through content analysis, while financial reporting quality was proxied using accrual-based measures, and the data were analyzed using fixed effects regression. The findings revealed that biological assets disclosure had a negative and statistically significant effect on financial reporting quality, indicating that increased disclosure did not necessarily improve reporting outcomes due to the subjectivity and estimation uncertainty associated with fair value measurement. In contrast, firm size, leverage, and audit quality exhibited positive but statistically insignificant relationships, suggesting that firm-level characteristics did not significantly influence reporting quality. The study concluded that disclosure alone was insufficient to enhance reporting quality and emphasized the need for stronger enforcement, improved valuation guidelines, and enhanced audit oversight. Consequently, the study recommended that regulatory authorities should strengthen compliance monitoring, provide clearer valuation guidance, and promote capacity building among preparers and auditors to improve the credibility and usefulness of biological assets reporting.
G.B. Wurma, M.J. Abubakar, Y.S. Abubakar
The construction sector is crucial for economic growth, yet its efficiency is increasingly jeopardized by insecurity, especially in developing regions. This study examines the effects of insecurity on construction project delivery in Kebbi State, Nigeria, aiming to identify key security challenges and propose effective mitigation strategies. A mixed-method approach was utilized, combining quantitative data from 100 structured questionnaires administered to construction professionals and qualitative insights from 15 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders such as contractors, project managers, and community leaders. The analysis included descriptive statistics, the Relative Importance Index (RII), and regression analysis for quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Results indicate that insecurity significantly hampers construction performance, with project delays (Mean = 4.45) and cost overruns (Mean = 4.32) being the most critical impacts. Other significant effects include workforce shortages, decreased productivity, and material theft. The RII results highlight that banditry (0.89), kidnapping (0.85), and theft/vandalism (0.80) are the primary security threats in the area. Regression analysis reveals a strong negative correlation between insecurity and project performance (β = -0.68, p < 0.05), indicating that higher insecurity levels lead to worse project outcomes. Qualitative findings support these results, emphasizing frequent disruptions, increased security costs, worker anxiety, and inadequate government responses. The study concludes that insecurity is a major factor influencing construction project success in Kebbi State, affecting operational efficiency, financial stability, and workforce morale. Recommendations include enhanced security measures, improved government intervention, community engagement, comprehensive risk management, and stronger collaboration among stakeholders.
Oliver Musa Lavelah
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is the most important food legume in Liberia in terms of agricultural area and production value. National data shows that mongo (mungbean) production in the Philippines peaked in 2023 at a value of ₱232 million, but sharply declined to ₱97 million in 2024. This marks a significant downturn compared to the steady growth reported between 2013 and 2017. Production of mungbean in Liberia, the Philippines, and the world as a whole serves three fundamental purposes: the grains are used as a source for eating rice, as food, livestock feed, and vegetable oil. This research was performed to determine the yield and yield parameters of mungbean, cropping systems when intercropped in three maize varieties, and Mykovam® inoculation. The research was laid out under a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having mungbean (Pag-asa 7), and three open-pollinated varieties of maize (IPB Variety 6, IPB 1910, and Los Baños Lagkitan) intercropped, and Mykovam® inoculation under 14 cropping systems. Plant height, Leaf Area Index (LAI), and k-light attenuation were measured as agronomic parameters. Several pod per plant, pod weight, pod length, number of seeds per pod, and a thousand (1000) grain weight were measured as yield parameters of Pag-asa 7 mungbean. Mungbean intercropped in IPB Variety 6 stands as the exceptional cropping system for growth, yield, and productivity, Mungbean intercropped with Los Baños Lagkitan without inoculation achieved the highest LER of 1.05 which indicates 11.7% better land utilization efficiency and higher productivity, Grain yield of mungbean at 14% MC performed better under mono-crop condition with Mykovam® inoculation with 1.73 Mg ha-1 Highest gross return (GR) in mungbean was obtained in Monocrop Mungbean inoculated with Mykovam® ₱ 123,217 ha-1 making it the most profitable cropping system.
Apsara, Bharath Kumar K.K.
This conceptual paper examines the impact of Emotional Intelligence (EI) on Work-Life Balance (WLB) among married women professionals in healthcare sector. The study proposes a model that links key EI dimensions – motivation, self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy and social skills to work-life outcomes, based on existing literature and theoretical frameworks. It also highlights the role of Emotional Intelligence (EI) as a vital resource for handling stress, lowering work-life conflict, and enhancing general wellbeing. It considers demographic and contextual factors that influences this relationship. It provides valuable insights for enhancing employee well-being in healthcare settings as well as an organized foundation for upcoming empirical research.
Dr. Florin Shelomith Soans, Mr. Phalaksha Bhandary K.
Historically, good governance has been seen as a significant factor, or building block, of a longer-term and sustainable economy; however, the effects of good governance on the experiences of ordinary citizens living in secondary cities in India remain largely unexplored. This research examines how individuals who have benefited from urban development programmes in Mangalore (Mangaluru), Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, perceive their local government, as well as whether those perceptions can be linked to measurable improvements in their economic well-being. Through a stratified random sample of 400 beneficiaries of the Mangaluru Smart City Mission, PMAY-U, DAY-NULM, and related projects (2024-2025), the WGI framework developed by the World Bank was used to assess and adapt six Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI’s) to the local context of Mangaluru. Additionally, a composite governance index was established, as well as an economic development index (EDI) including indicators of income growth, job stability, asset accumulation, and access to credit.A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was employed. Primary data came from a bilingual, pre-tested questionnaire administered in person and through mobile-assisted interviewing between January and March 2025. Secondary data were sourced from the (Karnataka, 2026), Mangalore City Corporation reports, and district statistical handbooks. Reliability was robust (Cronbach’s α > 0.82), and validity was established through expert review and exploratory factor analysis (KMO = 0.89). Responders bore very positive impressions of all three components of local governmental processes ([mean composite rating = 3.68/5). Most highly regarded by the respondents were the constructs: effectiveness of government and control of corruption. Ordered multiple linear regression analysis, after controlling for various socio-demographic variables, shows an increase of one unit in the composite measure of local governance is correlated to an increase of 0.42 units on the Economic Development Index (EDI) (β = 0.42, p < .001) and accounts for 58% of the variance. Effectiveness of government (β = 0.221) and control of corruption (β = 0.236) are both the two strongest predictors of the EDI score. Additionally, a significant positive bivariate correlation exists between the all adaptations of the World Governance Indicator Constructs (correlation coefficient range = r = 0.41-0.68). The study results support the theoretical perspectives (North 1990; Acemoglu & Robinson 2012) of inclusive institutions being important, and similarly extend the Indian literature base (Vashistha & Bishnoi, 2025; Mallick 2023) to secondary urban cities. These findings are also consistent with the current evaluations of the Smart Cities Mission which suggest a need for implementation focused on the citizen beyond infrastructure (Government of India, 2025). In addition, it provides policymakers recommendations that include the use of digital transparency tools, conducting annual social audits, building capacity to urban local authorities and implementing performance-based funding through Smart Cities Mission 2.0. Although the limitations of cross-sectional data and self-reporting exist, the findings offer concrete evidence for improving urban governance in Karnataka's tier-II cities.
Matsayi Lucy Aji, Timothy Rapdon Barnabas
This study examines the impact of marital conflict on the academic performance of public secondary school students in the Jalingo educational zone of Taraba State, Nigeria. Recognizing the critical role of family stability in fostering positive relationships and educational outcomes, the research is anchored in Karl Marx’s Conflict Theory. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was employed to select 200 respondents comprising 40 students each from five purposively selected secondary schools drawn from the SS1 and SS2 student population. Data were collected using a structured instrument titled Marital Conflict and Students’ Academic Achievement Questionnaire (MCSAAQ). Analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), applying descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) and Chi-Square tests to evaluate the hypotheses. Descriptive findings indicated that respondents generally agreed (mean scores above the 2.5 criterion) that emotional instability of parents, inadequate financial support, interference from extended family members, and spousal battering were influential factors affecting students’ academic performance. However, inferential analysis using the Chi-Square test revealed that none of these variables had a statistically significant effect on academic performance at the 0.05 alpha level. The study concludes that marital conflict does not exert a statistically significant influence on students’ academic achievement within the Jalingo educational zone. It recommends further investigation into alternative factors that may contribute to students’ academic outcomes.
Dr Debi Archana Nayak, Dr Sasmita Priyadarsini Dash, Ronel Panda, Subhendu Jena, Sukirti Mohanty
The present investigation was to study the “Effect of plant growth regulators on vegetative parameters and yield of Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.)” was conducted out at the Agricultural Research Station, Binjhagiri, Department of Vegetable Science, SOADU, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during rabi 2023-24 to assess the effect of various plant growth regulators viz. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)@50ppm and 100ppm, Gibberellic acid (GA3) @50ppm and 100ppm, Etherel @150ppm and 200ppm, Maleic Hydrazide (MH) @ 150 ppm and 200 ppm, along with control on growth and yield of Zucchini. The experiment was planned in a randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. The growth regulators were applied twice, i.e., first spray at 2nd true leaf stage and second spray at 4th leaf stage. The study revealed application of NAA @100ppm was found to be the most effective in increasing plant height (47.47cm), leaf area (108.50 sq.cm), number of leaves per plant (11.96), number of primary branches per plant (11.96), number of female flowers (12.08)and number of male flowers (15.23) per plant, femaleness percentage (50.66%),average number of fruit per plant (9.08), the average single fruit weight (1255.35g), fruit length (18.36cm), fruit girth (16.96cm), fruit set percentage (34%), yield per plant (5.62kg), yield per plot (82.74kg) and total yield per hectare (138.27 t). Application of NAA @ 100 ppm as foliar spray also decreased the number of male flowers per plant, lowered male: female flower ratio in zucchini. From the results of the study, it could be concluded that NAA @100ppm was the most effective growth regulators in improving the growth and yield with a maximum benefit-cost ratio (3.85), also net and gross income of Zucchini significantly over control, followed by Etherel @150ppm.
Dr Ritu Sharma
The present study examined the detrimental effects of propoxur (2-isopropoxyphenyl N-methyl carbamate) on the kidneys of Tilapia mossambica (Peters) to assess the acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) enzyme and its toxicity on behaviour. Propoxur is extremely toxic to Tilapia mossambica, with a median lethal concentration (LC) of 0.52 ± 0.01 mL/L. The parameters of kidney AChE were analysed after exposure to a sublethal concentration (0.065 ml/L) for periods of 15 and 30 days. Propoxur significantly (P<0.001) inhibited kidney AChE, with reductions of 25.78% and 44.73% observed after 15 and 30 days of exposure, respectively. The changes in behavioural responses underscore the adverse effects of propoxur on fish. These results indicate that propoxur poses a risk to the environment and, by extension, to humans.
Ade Dwinta, Eko Nursanty, Firda Herlina, Hilma Erliana, J.C. Heldiansyah, Julianti Marbun, Naimatul Aufa, Rais D. Hi Yusuf, Soraya Rosna Samta, Zulkiflee Abd Latif
This community service paper presents the implementation and reflection of a field-based engagement program aimed at improving domestic environmental health among migrant service-worker families in Kuala Lumpur. The target group consisted of long-term migrant families working in the service sector, including domestic work, construction, and other informal urban services, who have lived with their families in the city for many years. Despite their important contribution to urban life, many of these families experience limited housing quality, overcrowding, inadequate ventilation, insufficient lighting, sanitation challenges, and constrained domestic space that affects family well-being. The program was designed and delivered by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in architecture and building engineering. It focused on increasing participants’ awareness of the relationship between housing conditions, everyday health, and family resilience. The activities included field observation, participatory discussion, environmental health education, and practical guidance on low-cost improvements that could be applied in rented or modest living environments. Key topics addressed in the program included airflow and ventilation, natural lighting, hygiene, moisture control, household safety, waste management, and the more effective organization of domestic space. The program showed that community-based interventions grounded in spatial understanding can help migrant families better recognize environmental risks and identify realistic ways to improve their living conditions. The paper argues that community service in architecture and building engineering can contribute meaningfully to healthier domestic environments, especially for vulnerable migrant families in dense urban settings. It also highlights the value of practical, context-sensitive knowledge as a form of empowerment for long-term migrant communities.
Dr. Anita Yadav, Dr. Deepak Sharma, Dr. Rajesh Kumar
Human remains analysis, mass disaster victim identification, and criminal investigations all heavily rely on forensic identification. Because of its distinct form and stability after death, the incisive foramen has become one of the most important anatomical landmarks in dental forensic research. By examining its anatomical structure, diversity, and use in forensic odontology, this paper thoroughly investigates the function of the incisive foramen in forensic identification. This study summarizes current knowledge and explores potential avenues for future research to improve forensic identification techniques using a number of academic articles.
Aparajita Thapliyal
In the contemporary international system, soft power has gained increasing significance as states rely more on attraction than coercion to shape global outcomes. Within this context, culture functions as a key resource in international relations. This study examines India’s soft power through cultural diplomacy, with a specific focus on performing arts particularly classical dance, as instruments of diplomatic engagement. India’s long-standing civilisational traditions provide a strong cultural foundation that enables meaningful international connections.
Gerwine J. Medio, Rodel B. Sanchez
This study was conducted at Iligan City National School of Fisheries to address the shortage of effective, context-based instructional materials in teaching automotive electrical systems. To improve students’ practical understanding of the gear reduction starting system, an Innovated Gear Reduction Starting System Simulator was developed and assessed for its instructional value during the school year 2024–2025. Using a descriptive research design, the study employed researchers-made survey questionnaire to evaluate both the simulator’s effectiveness and student performance. Thirty-one (31) Senior High School students enrolled in the Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) Automotive strand and seven (7) Senior High School teachers participated as respondents. Data analysis involved frequency counts, weighted means, and descriptive interpretation. The findings revealed that the simulator was highly effective as an instructional device, with a weighted mean of 5.0 across function, operation, and diagnostic features. Student performance also showed strong results: 3.9 in identifying parts, 3.7 in explaining functions, 3.67 in analyzing the circuit, and 3.7 in diagnosing faults (all out of 4.0). These figures indicate that the device significantly enhanced students' competencies in servicing gear reduction starting systems. The study recommends the integration of the simulator into the automotive curriculum and encourages replication of its design in other technical-vocational institutions to support skills-based learning.
Dr. Aparnaa Upadhyaya, DDS, MPA, BDS, Dr. Jacqueline Brown, DDS, MaryGrace Hilario RDA
Background: Historically, dental and medical records have existed in separate systems, limiting the ability of providers to access comprehensive patient information¹⁻³. Prior to 2017, our dental clinic relied on standalone paper charts and patient‑completed intake forms for medical histories, medications, and allergies⁴. This fragmented workflow created clinical blind spots and increased the risk of incomplete or inaccurate information¹⁻⁵. Objective: To evaluate how the implementation of Epic Wisdom, an integrated electronic health record (EHR) system, improved patient safety⁵⁻⁷, care coordination⁸⁻¹⁰, and clinical decision‑making³,¹¹ by unifying medical and dental data into a single longitudinal chart⁹,¹². Methods: This original research study uses a mixed‑methods design combining retrospective workflow analysis, clinical case review, and provider‑reported outcomes¹¹. Data were collected from 2015–2024, comparing pre‑integration (paper‑based) and post‑integration (Epic Wisdom) periods⁴. Results: Integration of Epic Wisdom resulted in (1) 100% real‑time access to medical histories, medications, allergies, and laboratory values⁹,¹²; (2) a significant reduction in medical history discrepancies⁴; (3) a major decrease in delayed or cancelled dental procedures due to missing medical information⁵,⁷; and (4) improved interdisciplinary communication through shared charting and messaging⁸⁻¹⁰. A representative case demonstrates how integrated EHR access altered treatment planning, prevented complications, and enabled targeted care⁵,¹¹. Conclusion: Integrated EHR systems significantly enhance dental care quality by improving diagnostic accuracy³,¹¹, reducing risk⁵⁻⁷, and enabling personalized, medically informed treatment planning⁹,¹². Epic Wisdom transformed our clinic’s workflow from isolated paper charts to a unified, data‑driven care model that supports comprehensive oral–systemic health management³,⁸.
Dr. E. A. Said, Mr. Bot Nyam Chuwang, Mr. Ibrahım Yakubu Haruna, Prof. A. M. Babayo, Solomon Caleb Sale
This study investigates the integration of rice husk utilization and sustainable energy systems into the architectural and industrial design of a modern rice milling facility. Rice milling plays a vital role in food production; however, it generates significant solid waste, primarily in the form of rice husk, which constitutes approximately 20% of paddy weight. Conventional disposal practices, such as open-air burning and indiscriminate dumping, contribute to environmental degradation and public health risks. This research addresses these challenges by proposing an innovative design strategy that incorporates rice husk waste into the functional and spatial framework of a rice milling factory. The study adopts a circular economy approach, positioning the facility as an integrated hub for both primary rice processing and secondary by-product valorization. A multi-stage milling system is proposed, emphasizing vertical gravity flow to enhance energy efficiency and improve head rice yield. The research is guided by three objectives: to assess the quantity of rice husk generated in the study area, examine existing disposal practices, and develop an architectural model that facilitates waste integration. A qualitative methodology was employed, including an extensive literature review and case study analysis of comparable industrial facilities. Findings reveal a significant gap in current practices, where secondary production processes are rarely integrated within milling operations. In response, the proposed design incorporates dedicated systems for rice husk storage and processing into value-added products such as ceiling and particle boards. This study contributes to sustainable industrial development by presenting a resource-efficient architectural framework tailored to rice production in Dass Local Government Area, Bauchi State.
Akazue, Maureen Ifeanyi, Obire, Ejenakevwe Vincent, Okumoku-Evroro, Oniovosa
Most people contemplate how energy is maintained in houses and offices. Yet, the problems persist and are difficult to disregard. Increasing electricity costs, safety concerns, weaknesses in linked devices, and the financial losses associated with powering vacant quarters are issues that require urgent attention. This study offers an IoT-based smart supply model that collectively tackles efficiency, computerization, and security, rather than treating them as separate problems. The proposed system runs on an ESP32 microcontroller. It is a commonly used option for work that involves IoT, as it does not fail, it is inexpensive, and well-supported. The PIR motion sensors are responsible for occupancy detection by checking whether a room is in use before any devices are switched on. Current sensors display actual power draw. The different parts are not very useful on their own, but working together creates wonders and solves human challenges. Security handling is achieved via AES encryption, which protects metering and control data as it moves through the system. AES is not a new skill. However, applying it consistently to the residential system is still not as common as it perhaps should be, considering how much can be exposed through home energy data. The results showed occupant detection to be 95% accuracy, and energy consumption fell to about 35% compared to a system running without automation. In summary, the study integrated a real-time occupancy detection module and security encryption standards for an IoT-based Metered System.
Ajay Sanehi, Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Inequalities in digital access and engagement continue to shape educational opportunities within secondary schooling contexts. This study examines variations in internet usage among senior secondary school students by analysing differences across locality (rural-urban) and institutional type (government-private). Grounded in the digital divide framework, the research explores how structural and contextual factors influence patterns of online engagement among adolescents. A descriptive survey method was adopted, and data were collected from 304 senior secondary school students using the Internet Usage Scale developed by Saini and Kaur (2017). The instrument demonstrated acceptable internal consistency as indicated by Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics to determine overall usage trends and independent samples t-tests to assess group-based differences. The results indicate that internet usage is not uniformly distributed across educational contexts. Urban students reported significantly higher engagement levels compared to rural students, reflecting infrastructural and resource-based disparities. Similarly, students enrolled in private institutions exhibited greater usage intensity than those in government schools, suggesting institutional differences in digital exposure and support systems. These findings suggest that digital inequality in school education is multidimensional, shaped by geographic and institutional conditions rather than individual factors alone. The study contributes to ongoing debates on educational equity by emphasizing the need for context-sensitive digital policies that address structural gaps in access, quality of connectivity, and digital learning environments.
Engil Joy P. Pagapulaan
Operational leaks remain a major concern for distribution companies due to their effects on efficiency, cost management, regulatory compliance, and environmental sustainability. This study examined the factors influencing operational leak prevention in a distribution company in Misamis Oriental, guided by Stakeholder Theory, which emphasizes ethical and transparent practices to protect stakeholder interests and organizational legitimacy. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were gathered from 200 employees through an adapted five-point Likert scale questionnaire. Statistical tools included descriptive statistics, factor analysis and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Findings revealed high employee perceptions across all variables, indicating that structured operational controls and sustainability-driven practices are actively implemented. Results showed that riskbased compliance auditing, integrated sustainability initiatives, and effective employee training work synergistically to minimize operational leaks. Canonical loadings (CCA) further demonstrated that consistent auditing enhances inventory control, reduces spoilage, and minimizes operational errors, supporting the rejection of the null hypothesis. The study highlights the importance of sustainable audit methods in improving operational efficiency, reducing errors, and promoting responsible resource utilization. Overall, the findings provide both empirical and practical insights for distribution companies in emerging markets aiming to improve sustainability and operational performance. Future research may explore additional factors such as organizational culture, employee engagement, and technological integration using longitudinal or mixed-method approaches.
Dr. H. S. Nagalakshmi, Dr. Prakasha Raje Urs, Dr. Santhosh Kumar B. N.
Borewell accidents involving children remain a critical safety concern due to the confined space, poor visibility, and delays in initiating effective rescue operations. Traditional rescue techniques are often slow, hazardous, and heavily dependent on manual effort, which contributes to low survival outcomes. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces an IoT enabled borewell child rescue system featuring a compact robotic device equipped with real time monitoring and remote operation capabilities. The system incorporates a microcontroller-based control unit, sensors for tracking depth and position, a live streaming camera for visual assessment, and a motorized rescue arm designed to safely retrieve the trapped child. Wireless communication supports instant control and continuous feedback, minimizing human risk and significantly reducing rescue time. Experimental evaluations show improved precision, quicker response, and enhanced safety compared to traditional methods, demonstrating the system’s potential for reliable and efficient borewell rescue operations.
Dr. Jitendra Nawange, Dr. Priyanka Sinha, Dr. Runa Paul, Sana Firdouse, Shalini Uikey
Fungal infections are common health problems, particularly in tropical and developing regions where warm and humid conditions favor their growth. The present study was conducted to investigate the occurrence and identification of fungal agents responsible for tinea capitis in the Jabalpur region of Madhya Pradesh, India. Dermatophytosis, commonly known as ringworm, is a superficial fungal infection caused by keratinophilic fungi that invade keratinized tissues such as skin, hair, and nails. A total of 10 clinically suspected cases of tinea capitis were included in the study. Scalp scrapings were collected under aseptic conditions and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. The samples were incubated at 28°C for 7–14 days. Identification of fungal isolates was carried out using macroscopic observations of colony morphology and microscopic examination through Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) staining. KOH examination was also performed as a preliminary diagnostic method. Out of the 10 samples, 7 cases (70%) were positive for fungal infection, while 3 cases (30%) were negative. The majority of the study population consisted of females aged 16–30 years. The predominant fungal isolates were dermatophytes such as Trichophyton spp. and Microsporum spp. In addition, non-dermatophyte fungi including Aspergillus spp. and Rhizopus spp. were also identified, indicating their role as opportunistic pathogens. A strong correlation between KOH examination and culture results confirmed the reliability of these diagnostic techniques. The duration of infection ranged from 2 months to 4 years, with chronic cases showing higher positivity. The study concludes that dermatophytosis is prevalent in the study area and requires early diagnosis, proper treatment, and improved hygiene practices for effective control.
Joyceline Mbwomshunyu, Nsagha Dickson Shey, Vivian Enow Ayamba Eta
Background: Blended learning represents an innovative pedagogical approach combining online and face-to-face instruction, increasingly adopted in nursing education globally. Understanding nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, and associated factors toward blended learning is essential for successful implementation in resource-limited settings. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and associated factors towards Blended learning in selected Nursing Schools in Buea. Methodology: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from the 1st of December, 2023 to 31st July, 2024 in three nursing schools in Buea, Cameroon. Using multi-stage sampling, 385 nursing students were recruited. Data were collected using structured a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Chi-square tests determined associations between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge and attitudes, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Descriptive statistics summarized data, and Pearson correlation assessed relationships between variables. Results: The mean age of participants was 22.55 years. Overall, 335 (87.0%) students demonstrated adequate knowledge of blended learning, while 375 (97.4%) exhibited positive attitudes toward this pedagogical approach. Chi-square analysis revealed significant associations between knowledge and sex (p=0.001), academic institution (p=0.023), and religion (p=0.036). Similarly, attitudes were significantly associated with academic level (p=0.012) and prior technology experience (p=0.008). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive correlations between knowledge and attitudes (r=0.674, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified female gender (AOR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.45-3.78, p<0.001) and enrollment in private institutions (AOR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.12-3.21, p=0.017) as independent predictors of adequate knowledge. Conclusion: Nursing students in Buea demonstrated adequate knowledge and overwhelmingly positive attitudes towards blended learning. However, significant disparities exist based on gender, institutional affiliation, and technological exposure, necessitating targeted interventions to ensure equitable adoption of blended learning approaches in nursing education.
Dr. James Macharia Chege, Dr. Winnifred Mwikali, Mark Kivuva, Prof. Francis Wokabi
While previous studies have captured the issues of decline in agricultural production and land degradation in the Kenya coastal region as described by Gichobi and Kungu (2020) and Omondi (2010) little attention has been paid to understanding the direct and long-term effects of the precolonial state's land policies on coastal Kenya. The objective of this study was to land use patterns in pre-colonial Kwale County, Kenya. The aim was to reconstruct pre-colonial land use trajectories in Kwale County. The methodology used was the historical qualitative approach, it employed the Elite Theory (Vilfredo Pareto) and Articulation of the Modes of Production Theory (based on Marxist framework by Jean Copans), providing a framework to analysis the impact of structure-power relations on access to land. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. The archives contained the precolonial government administrative reports, government reports, land records and legal texts, whereas forty oral interviews were conducted. They were sampled using the purposive sampling and snow-ball sampling methods. For secondary sources research includes monographs, journal articles and dissertations dealing with land governance and food security systems. The findings have also revealed that Mijikenda community of pre-colonial Kwale County was organized in common ownership of land, co-operative efforts and firm cultural values which influenced their farming, pastoral and forestry practices. These methods were sustainable, spiritual, fostered social unity and protected the natural resource and maintained food security with a larger picture of very strong social and political organization. The pre-colonial land management practices of the Mijikenda people in Kwale County represented a paradigm of ingrained community system linking livelihoods, governance, spirituality and land care in maintaining agricultural production, community solidarity, and traditions. The study will therefore be beneficial to local administrators, government, development organizations in their pursuit for sustainable land governance in Kwale County, an issue closely related to endemic food insecurity and injustices in the region. The study adds region based analysis in the already available literature on the subject thus boosting land-rights campaigns and offering research material for studies on the nexus of land tenure, development and food security.
Cagaline Baguma, Frank Munganga Buhendwa, Jean Ntabala Musirwa
This paper explores the language perceptions and attitudes as perceived by the population of Bukavu town in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the impact of such perceptions on language vitality and on the town socioeconomic development. The purpose is to reflect on the present and future linguistic situation of the town and relate the shown perceptions and attitudes to the town socioeconomic development. A questionnaire was addressed to 1,266 people selected from the three Bukavu communes. The results indicate, on one hand, growing negative attitudes towards local languages and Kiswahili (the regional language) and growing positive attitudes towards French and English. This is a good indication that even though Kiswahili is still the commonly used language in the town today, it is also already in a state of vulnerability considering its users perceptions and attitudes. Such vulnerability and endangerment go also for all other local languages; Mashi, Kirega, Kifuliru, Kihavu, Kitembo. This negatively impacts on the town socioeconomic in the sense that there is a very low involvement rate of the people into informal innovative and creative sectors despite the very high unemployment rate in the formal sector. On the other hand, French and English are in a safety state in Bukavu which implies a very promising future. This is a good indication of Bukavu openness to international economic transactions which positively contribute to the town socioeconomic development. The study limited to one town (Bukavu) and its surroundings. For the reliability purpose, it should be replicated to include the whole country to check if the situation can be applied to the whole country.
Anya Vincent Nkene Abeh, Ndille Ndille Njume
The political transition to pluralist democracy in Cameroon during the 1990s prompted constitutional reforms, including the 1996 revision that created the Constitutional Council to ensure electoral regularity and resolve state institutional conflicts. This study examines the legal and policy frameworks governing the Constitutional Council's jurisdiction over electoral matters. Using a qualitative methodology, this study systematically reviews international conventions, treaties, and national laws. The findings reveal that five international legal instruments, five national legal instruments, four international policy frameworks, and one national policy guideline contain provisions that empower the Constitutional Council as an election arbiter. International frameworks such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights do not elaborate on electoral dispute resolution mechanisms, whereas the AU Declaration on the Principles Governing Democratic Elections in Africa and the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance provide more specific guidance. The study concludes that despite the existence of comprehensive legal and policy frameworks, the Electoral Code remains the most frequently applied instrument for resolving electoral disputes, while international policy frameworks lack enforceable mechanisms. It is recommended that Cameroon harmonise its domestic electoral laws with binding international standards and strengthen institutional mechanisms to ensure effective and timely resolution of electoral disputes by the Constitutional Council.
Christine N. Tulanan, James L. Paglinawan
The increasing globalization of higher education has intensified student mobility, with many Filipino students pursuing advanced degrees abroad to access specialized programs, advanced research facilities, and global career opportunities. However, limited research has examined the lived experiences of Filipino students in scientific disciplines, particularly in chemistry, where gaps in laboratory training and research exposure remain evident. This study aimed to explore the motivations, challenges, coping strategies, and developmental outcomes of Filipino students studying abroad, as well as to assess how undergraduate preparation in the Philippines influences their readiness for international graduate education. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, data were collected through semi-structured virtual interviews and analyzed via reflexive thematic analysis. Findings revealed that students are driven by local limitations in specialization and research infrastructure, while encountering socio-cultural and emotional challenges such as homesickness, language barriers, and cultural adaptation. An “instrumentation gap” in laboratory skills was identified despite strong theoretical foundations. Nevertheless, students demonstrated resilience through support systems and adaptive strategies, leading to transformative growth and a strong commitment to national contribution. These findings highlight the need for reforms in curriculum design, research infrastructure, and global engagement to enhance competitiveness and promote brain circulation.
A. Karunamurthy, S. Kavinkumar
Employee productivity assessment is a critical challenge in organizational management, yet traditional methods often lack objectivity and scalability. We propose a data-driven approach that employs machine learning to classify employee productivity into High, Medium, or Low categories based on performance metrics such as task completion, working hours, attendance, and efficiency. The proposed system uses a Random Forest classifier, which aggregates predictions from multiple decision trees trained on randomized subsets of data and features, thereby improving robustness and accuracy. The methodology involves preprocessing employee data, splitting it into training and test sets, and training the model to predict productivity levels. Experimental results demonstrate that the system provides actionable insights for decision-making, enabling organizations to identify and address productivity bottlenecks effectively. Moreover, the Random Forest approach outperforms conventional methods by handling non-linear relationships and reducing overfitting. The significance of this work lies in its potential to transform subjective productivity evaluations into an automated, data-centric process, fostering fairer and more efficient workforce management. This study contributes to the growing body of research on machine learning applications in human resource analytics, offering a practical solution for modern enterprises.
Kandula Siri Chandana, Vanitha Kakollu
The process of drug discovery involves a number of factors and can be described as complicated, time-taking and costly. EGFR has become one of the main targets for further investigation in oncological diseases research. To discover new medicines, it is necessary to discover active chemicals against EGFR. This work proposes the use of machine learning to predict bioactivity based on molecular fingerprints extracted from the SMILES string of a compound. The used dataset contains data from the ChEMBL database. The dataset was preprocessed into binary classes of bioactive molecules. We implemented a variety of machine learning models such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosting, and XG Boost. The best performance among all tested models was provided by Random Forest. The obtained accuracy was 87%. The implementation of the model was done using Streamlit web framework.
Adediran Oluwaseyi Segun, Akinola Victor Ayomide, Bathnna Bernice Stephen, Nwangburuka Samuel, Nzenwata Uchenna Jeremiah, Oyewumi Abiodun John, Oyewumi Oluwatobi
Large-scale database systems form the backbone of the main processes in financial services, healthcare, e-commerce, and government infrastructure. As these systems grow in magnitude, speed, and complexity, organisations must detect anomalies such as security breaches, fraudulent transactions, performance degradation, and data corruption. Financial institutions incur annual fraud losses exceeding $1.2 trillion, and performance anomalies can trigger cascading system failures. Traditional rule-based and purely statistical approaches struggle to manage the complexity and dynamism of modern databases, often causing brittle detection rules, high false-positive rates, and alert fatigue among operations teams. This systematised literature review (SLR) provides an overview of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques for detecting anomalies in large-scale database systems and transactions. In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 model, evidence from over 43 studies published between 2015 and 2025 was synthesised. Initially, 1,247 articles were identified across IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Scopus, ProQuest, and ResearchGate, and these were then systematically screened and evaluated using rigorous inclusion criteria and a validated 10-criterion quality assessment framework. The reviewed studies achieved a mean quality score of 7.8 out of 10, with 74% rated as high quality. The review discusses four research questions: the types of anomalies, ML methods, implementation issues, and implications. The major conclusions show that the unsupervised and semi-supervised paradigms predominate (75% of reviewed approaches), as in production settings, there is sparse labelled data on anomalies. Models based on deep learning, namely LSTM-based autoencoders (29 of 43 studies), Isolation Forest models (34 of 43 studies), and Graph Neural Networks, are superior in terms of detection, F1-scores above 0.90, and inference latency of less than 50ms. Best practice has shifted to hybrid multi-tier approaches that combine Isolation Forest for rapid screening with LSTM autoencoders for more detailed analysis, achieving a 30-50% reduction in false positives over single-model baselines with sub-100ms response times to detect fraud in real time. Continued gaps in research include extreme class imbalance (anomaly rates below 0.1 per cent), hard realtime processing, insufficient model explainability in operational and regulatory conditions, and a lack of standardised, database-specific benchmarks. This review offers scientists and clinicians guidance, based on evidence, for designing effective, interpretable, and production-ready anomaly detection systems, and it makes specific recommendations on overcoming challenges and the direction the research should take.
Destiny, Nkechi Ohagwu, Ewuziem Godwin Chukwuemeka, Nneamaka Stella Nwankwo, Obumkelu-Chinedu Miracle Chukwuemezugo, Ofojekwu, Ursula Nnedimma, Ugwuani Miracle
Background: Malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Nigeria. Despite ongoing control efforts, the burden remains high, necessitating continuous evaluation of disease patterns and management practices. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical presentation, and management practices of malaria among under-five children in ESUTH, Parklane. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Parklane, among 150 children aged 0–59 months with laboratory-confirmed malaria. Data were obtained through structured questionnaires and medical record review and analysed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The prevalence of malaria was 74.7%, with the highest burden observed among children aged 12–35 months (80.9%). Fever was present in all cases (100%), while other common symptoms included vomiting (69.6%), cough (64.3%), and diarrhoea (53.6%). Severe malaria accounted for 25.0% of cases, with manifestations such as convulsions and prostration. The mean packed cell volume was 27.8 ± 6.5%, indicating a high prevalence of anaemia. Microscopy was the most frequently used diagnostic method (58.7%), followed by rapid diagnostic tests (41.3%). Artemisinin-based combination therapy was the predominant treatment (73.3%), with injectable artesunate used in severe cases. Overall, 85.3% of patients recovered, although a minority experienced complications or required referral. Conclusion: Malaria remains highly prevalent among under-five children in this setting, with significant clinical and haematological consequences. Strengthening preventive strategies, improving early diagnosis, and ensuring prompt treatment are critical to reducing disease burden and improving outcomes.
Basake Julius, Keneth Okello Otieno, Ojambo Paul
It is generally accepted that management competence is a key element in enhancing decision-making effectiveness within healthcare institutions, especially in private not-for-profit hospitals where managerial decisions directly influence service delivery, accountability, and utilization of limited resources. This paper explores how management competence and decision-making effectiveness are related in St. Francis Hospital Nyenga in Uganda. The research was inspired by the continuing concern that, despite the availability of trained and experienced managers, there seemed to be no evidence of the presumed benefits of managerial competence in institutional decisions. This article thus aimed to establish whether management competence was a significant factor in decision-making effectiveness and how the relationship was mediated by institutional circumstances. The research used both quantitative and qualitative methods, and a descriptive-correlational case study design. Data was collected from a sample population of 167 respondents, including members of the Board of Governors, top managers, middle managers, finance and accounting staff, and patients. The study received 140 returned questionnaires and 10 interview responses, yielding an overall response rate of 89.82%. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis, while thematic analysis addressed qualitative data. The findings revealed a very weak explanatory model, with F(1,138) = 0.209, p = 0.649, R = 0.039, R² = 0.002, adjusted R² = -0.006, and a standard error of estimate of 0.63051. The study also observed that the relationship between management competence and decision-making effectiveness was weak and not statistically significant, with a correlation coefficient of -0.020. The article found that management competence was not statistically correlated with decision-making effectiveness in St. Francis Hospital Nyenga. Results indicated that structural and institutional factors, such as centralized governance structures, constrained decision-making discretion, and financial restrictions, played a stronger role in influencing decision-making outcomes than personal managerial ability. The article contends that management competence is most valuable when supported by practical autonomy, robust internal systems, and governance arrangements that integrate responsibility with decision-making authority.
P. Sivananthan, S.M. Ihsan
This study examines the managerial role of principals in curriculum implementation in Tamil-medium secondary schools in the Nikaweratiya Education Zone of the Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka. The study was conducted using a descriptive survey design within a mixed-methods research approach. A purposive sample of 16 principals and deputy principals and 60 teachers was selected. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study focused on key dimensions such as curriculum planning, implementation, resource management, instructional supervision, and strategies used to address implementation challenges. Findings indicate that principals generally demonstrate a moderate to high level of involvement in curriculum management, particularly in areas such as planning, monitoring of instruction, and coordination of curriculum activities. However, lower levels of effectiveness were observed in providing feedback, supporting professional development, and promoting innovative teaching practices. Teachers, in several areas, reported lower levels of satisfaction compared to principals’ self-assessments, revealing perceptual gaps between the two groups. The study also identified challenges such as limited resources, workload issues, and inconsistent coordination among stakeholders. While principals reported taking multiple measures to address these challenges, a significant proportion of teachers perceived these actions as insufficient or not systematically implemented. Overall, the study concludes that although principals play a crucial role in curriculum implementation, there is a need to strengthen collaborative leadership, improve communication between principals and teachers, and enhance support systems such as feedback mechanisms and professional development opportunities. These improvements are essential for ensuring more effective curriculum implementation and improving the quality of education in the study area.
Buthaina Suwailam Al Harthi, Marjan Ilbeigi
This study investigates how human perception and preference in modern interior design are influenced by ma-terial texture. It looks at how texture characteristics including authenticity, gloss, roughness, and pattern com-plexity affect tactile and visual perceptions as well as emotional reactions. Using a quantitative method, infor-mation is gathered via an online survey where respondents assess various materials according to their aesthetic value, environmental friendliness, and biophilic qualities. Because of its warmth, sustainability, and uplifting emotional impact, the results show a high preference for natural and nature-inspired materials, especially wood. The study also emphasizes the connection between user pleasure and sensory perception, highlighting the important role texture plays in perceived spaciousness, com-fort, and overall interior experience. Ultimately, the research proposes a user-centered perspective for material selection, integrating sensory and emotional factors into design decision-making.
Jade Gallemit Suguitan, MBA, Leo C. Naparota, PhD
This study aimed to determine the level of members’ satisfaction with the products and services of microfinance institutions and their effectiveness in Dapitan City during Calendar Year 2024. Using the descriptive-correlational research design, the study involved one hundred (100) respondents. The data were analyzed using the weighted mean, standard deviation, and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient. The results showed that the respondents were very satisfied with the products offered, specifically loan application and loan features, as well as with the services offered, including customer service and non-financial services. Moreover, the respondents perceived the effectiveness of the products and services of microfinance institutions as moderate in terms of personal status and business status, and to a great extent in terms of financial status. “The study revealed that there was no significant relationship between the level of satisfaction with microfinance institutions’ products offered and the effectiveness of their products and services.”In light of these findings, future researchers are encouraged to undertake longitudinal studies to examine the long-term impact of microfinance services.
Bosede Olajoke Ishola, Catherine Olatorera Olaleye, Dorcas Atinuke Adedokun, Oluwatobi Joel Toyobo, Simeon Ayoade Adedokun
Lung cancer remains the leading contributor to the global cancer burden, accounting for the highest mortality rates among both men and women, and underscoring the urgent clinical need for automated, accurate, and computationally efficient diagnostic systems. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have transformed medical image analysis for lung cancer detection, yet their performance remains sensitive to hyperparameter configuration. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms (MHAs) offer a principled automated alternative for CNN hyperparameter tuning, and their integration with chaotic maps further enhances global search capability. This systematic review synthesizes 82 peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2026, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and organizes findings along three dimensions: imaging modality (computed tomography, chest X-ray, and histopathology), optimization strategy (swarm-based, evolutionary, chaotic-enhanced, transit search-based, and Particle Swarm Optimization [PSO]-hybrid), and performance benchmarks. The review documents mathematical formulations of 12 chaotic map variants, comparative accuracy benchmarks, and the progression from standard CNNs to sinusoidal chaotically enhanced transit search-based frameworks and, most recently, XAI-integrated lightweight designs. Peak accuracy of 98.88% for malignant classification was reported for the Sinusoidal Chaotic Transit Search Optimization Algorithm-based CNN (STSOA-CNN), while the 2025-2026 cohort extended the CT benchmark to 99.99% using Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization. Meta-analytic aggregation across 23 quantitatively reported studies reveals a mean accuracy of 97.1% (SD = 2.3%) for MHA-optimized CNN approaches, compared with 93.6% (SD = 3.1%) for unoptimized baselines. Persistent limitations, including dataset heterogeneity, class imbalance, absence of external validation, and limited representation of resource-constrained settings, were identified, and a structured research agenda for the field is presented.
Dr. Binod Kumar, Dr. Leena S More (Deshmukh)
This paper presents a Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture for workforce segmentation. The proposed framework combines multiple machine learning models—Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)—using a softmax-based gating network to dynamically assign weights to expert predictions. The system is evaluated on large-scale HR datasets along with real-time chatbot-generated appraisal data. Experimental results demonstrate superior performance with 92.1%+ accuracy, high cluster separability (Silhouette Score = 0.95), and significant improvements in HR efficiency, participation, and fairness. The framework supports inclusive, data-driven talent management in industrial environments.
Ananthu.S, Anaswara. B, Ruban P
The growing global need for energy together with negative effects of fossil fuel combustion has been driving humanity to switch to renewable energy resources. This research paper is dedicated to modelling and assessing the use of renewable energy, with an emphasis on reliable prediction, optimization, and performance assessment methods. The types of renewable energy, such as solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and other forms, will be considered in light of their generation capability, effectiveness, and implementation within the energy industry. This paper covers a wide range of modelling techniques, from traditional mathematical modelling to modern machine learning and artificial intelligence-based approaches that can help to forecast energy generation and demands. Also, assessment tools and performance indices (energy efficiency, economic sustainability, environmental impacts, reliability) will be reviewed with a focus on hybrid energy systems and advanced smart grids. Moreover, challenges of renewable energy intermittency, storage solutions, grid connectivity, and regulatory frameworks will be addressed, with particular attention paid to innovations in energy storage technologies and digital energy systems.
Mejicano F. Quinsay, Jr.
This study investigated the effect of multimedia-based lessons on the academic performance of junior high school learners in Araling Panlipunan. Anchored on Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning, the study examined whether the integration of multimedia resources could improve learners’ achievement compared with instruction without multimedia exposure. A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test design was employed involving 50 Grade 10 students from Baquilan Resettlement High School during the school year 2025–2026. The participants were selected through convenience sampling from two sections, Matatag and Masikap. Data were gathered using a validated researcher-made 50-item test administered during two grading periods: the first quarter without multimedia exposure and the second quarter with multimedia-based instruction. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, with Shapiro–Wilk, Mann–Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests used to determine differences in scores. Results showed that students’ performance improved in both quarters; however, greater gains were observed during the quarter with multimedia exposure. In the first quarter, the weighted mean increased from 21.74 to 31.30, while in the second quarter it rose from 28.40 to 37.34. Significant differences were found between the pre-test and post-test scores in both quarters and between the post-test scores of students exposed and not exposed to multimedia, with all tests yielding a p-value of 0.001. The findings indicate that multimedia-based lessons can enhance students’ academic performance in Araling Panlipunan. The study recommends the integration of multimedia-based instructional materials to promote more engaging and effective classroom learning.
Arun Kumar Ankeshwarapu, Dr. B. Venkat Raman, Madhu Kumar Bolle, Vamshi Krishna Velpula
Crop damage caused by wildlife intrusion is a major challenge for farmers near forest boundaries. Traditional monitoring methods are labor-intensive and ineffective under poor visibility conditions. This paper proposes a multi-modal wildlife intrusion detection system that combines visual object detection and environmental sound classification. The system utilizes the YOLOv12 model for real-time animal detection from surveillance video and YAMNet for identifying animal sounds. By integrating visual and auditory sensing, the proposed framework improves detection reliability in low-light or occluded conditions. Experimental evaluation demonstrates improved detection accuracy compared to single-modal approaches. The system can be deployed on edge devices such as Raspberry Pi or Jetson Nano, enabling real-time monitoring of agricultural fields.
Philip Adeoluwa Soyemi
Elma Shaw’s Redemption Road (2008) is a post-conflict Liberian novel that weaves individualized trauma and public institution-building through a stylistic reading. It is accessible and formally strategic, using invariable focalizations, flashback-driven time manipulations, and embodied dialogues. Enacted in the spatial setting of the Liberian capital, Monrovia, during the reign of Charles Taylor, the narrative depicts the protagonist’s attempt to reconcile competing imperatives—survival, accountability, repair, recovery, and healing—in a socio-political atmosphere dominated by continuous impunity and instability. Over the years, it has become a prominent text in West African post-war struggles fiction and contemporary canons. The study relies on stylistic frameworks associated with Geoffrey Leech and Mick Short, Michael Toolan, and M.A.K. Halliday (with Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen). Using close reading approach and quantitative indexes computed from the text, the analysis shows how narrative voice, syntax, imagery, and dialogue generate a patterned alternation between acceleration (fragmentary war scenes) and deliberation (legal / ethical dialogue), ultimately positioning “truth” and “forgiveness” as stylistically mapped rather than sentimentally asserted. Shaw’s stylistic rendering functions as an ethics of representation: it refuses simplistic catharsis by making reconciliation contingent on truth-telling, embodied testimony, and institutional critique, thereby aligning the novel with post-conflict debates about accountability and repair.
Md Rakibul Hasan, Moryom Akter Muna
Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV, yet adherence remains suboptimal. Alcohol misuse, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and gastrointestinal (GI) dysbiosis have been proposed as overlapping barriers. This systematic review aimed to evaluate how these factors independently and interactively affect PrEP adherence among HIV-negative populations in the United States. Methodology: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 2016 and March 2025 on PrEP adherence, alcohol use, PTSD, and the gut microbiome. Eligible studies included peer-reviewed human research in English that examined PrEP adherence in relation to at least one of these factors, while non-human and non-US studies were excluded. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data, with disagreements resolved by consensus. Data were analyzed descriptively in R version 4.3.1, and findings were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity across studies. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Hazardous alcohol use was associated with a 55–60% increase in GI complaints, and adherence rates reduced to 54–60%, versus >80% in non-drinkers. PTSD prevalence among PrEP users ranged from 28–43%, with severity 40–50% higher among alcohol users; trauma-related avoidance and cognitive impairment were key drivers of missed doses. Microbiome analyses suggested reduced Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium and elevated Enterobacteriaceae were associated with reported intolerance and discontinuation. Structural inequities, stigma, and racial disparities further compounded nonadherence, particularly among Black and Latinx MSM. Conclusions: Alcohol misuse, PTSD, and GI dysbiosis appear to interact as a syndemic that may undermine PrEP adherence. Addressing these barriers requires integrated, trauma-informed, and microbiome-sensitive interventions to improve HIV prevention outcomes.
Dr. Eyo, Bassey Ekpe., Dr. Owan, Harold-Joe Eban., Ebe, John Ashiwel
This study examines the effect of online filing of tax returns on tax compliance in Nigeria using evidence from the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) Headquarters in Abuja. Adopting a cross-sectional survey design, primary data were collected from 83 FIRS staff and 72 Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The study employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple regression to estimate the relationship between components of the online tax system—online registration (ORT), online filing of tax returns (OFTR), and online payment (OTP)—and tax compliance (TC). Results indicate that OFTR exerts a positive and statistically significant effect on TC among FIRS respondents (β = 0.249, p < 0.05), while its effect is statistically insignificant among SMEs (p = 0.098). The overall model explains approximately 79% of the variation in tax compliance (R² ≈ 0.793). Diagnostic tests reveal acceptable autocorrelation but high multicollinearity among predictors. The divergence between institutional and taxpayer perspectives suggests constraints on usability, digital literacy, and infrastructure. The study recommends targeted taxpayer education, user-centered platform design, and ICT investments to enhance compliance outcomes.
Imam Mehedi Hasan, Jannatul Ferdous, Md. Abdullah Al Moinuddin Rabbi, Most. Arjina Khatun
The experiment was carried out at Soil Science Research Field, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh to evaluate different rates of vermicompost, and inorganic S (Sulphur) fertilizer for wheat production in rabi season 2022-23 and 2023-24 at the Soil Science Department Research Field, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. There were six systematically combined rates of vermicompost and sulfur during the study viz. T1: Control (No fertilizer), T2: 4 t ha⁻¹ VC + 0 kg S ha⁻¹, T3: 3 t ha⁻¹ VC + 3 kg ha⁻¹, T4: 2 t ha⁻¹ VC + 6 kg S ha⁻¹, T5: 1 t ha⁻¹ VC + 9 kg S ha⁻¹, T6: 0 t ha⁻¹ VC + 12 kg S ha⁻¹ which were designed in randomized complete block with three replications. The results asserted that application of 2 t ha⁻¹ vermicompost with 6 kg ha-1 sulfur fertilizers improved significantly grain yield and wheat morphological and physiological characteristics such as plant height, number of tillers per hill⁻¹number of spikes per spike, thousand grain weight, number of grains per spike, spike length and harvest index. The results of the experiments also indicated that vermicompost fertilizer can improve soil productivity and soil quality. The application of such fertilizers also enhances water retention in the soil. Therefore, for sustainable wheat production in the region, a combined dose of 2 t ha⁻¹ vermicompost and 6 kg ha⁻¹ sulfur can be practiced to achieve optimal crop performance while fostering long-term soil fertility.
Jimver O. Ocampo, Rheychold J. Daymiel
This study explored the lived experiences of drug offenders who underwent rehabilitation programs in selected areas of Mindanao, Philippines. It aimed to describe their rehabilitation experiences, examine the challenges they encountered during and after treatment, and generate insights to inform more responsive recovery interventions in the regional context. The study employed a qualitative research design using a Husserlian transcendental phenomenological approach. Data were gathered through in-depth, semistructured interviews with participants who had completed formal rehabilitation programs, selected using snowball sampling. Thematic analysis was conducted following Braun and Clarke’s (2006) framework, as cited by Daymiel (2025), involving the extraction of significant statements, the formulation of meanings, and the clustering of statements into themes. Five emergent themes were identified: (1) From Compulsion to Self-Realization, (2) Relational-Spiritual Reorientation, (3) Sustained Recovery and Accountability, (4) Inner Transformation Through Psychological Struggle, and (5) Post-Rehabilitation Social Reintegration and Identity Reconstruction. Findings revealed that rehabilitation initially elicited resistance and emotional distress but gradually fostered acceptance, self-awareness, and personal responsibility. Family separation and spiritual reflection emerged as powerful catalysts for change, while recovery was understood as a lifelong process requiring discipline beyond institutional care. Despite internal transformation, reintegration remained difficult due to stigma, employment barriers, and social mistrust. The study concludes that effective rehabilitation in Mindanao requires holistic, community-based systems that integrate psychological care, family involvement, spiritual support, and structured aftercare to sustain long-term recovery and reintegration.
Joyceline Mbwomshunyu, Nsagha Dickson Shey, Vivian Enow Ayamba Eta
Background: Despite growing recognition of blended learning benefits in nursing education, implementation in resource-constrained African contexts faces substantial barriers. Understanding perceived effectiveness and implementation challenges is essential for successful adoption in Cameroonian nursing schools. Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted from December 2023 to July 2024 in three nursing institutions in Buea, Cameroon. The quantitative component recruited 385 nursing students and 90 instructors using multi-stage sampling, while the qualitative component involved purposive sampling of 12 class delegates. Structured questionnaires assessed perceived effectiveness and barriers, while semi-structured interviews explored implementation experiences. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 for quantitative analysis and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Chi-square tests determined associations between variables at p<0.05 significance. Results: Among students, 373 (96.9%) perceived blended learning as effective for enhancing flexibility, 367 (95.3%) for improving access to learning materials, and 354 (91.9%) for developing technology skills. However, only 12(3.1%) perceived blended learning as effective for replacing face-to-face clinical instruction. Major barriers included internet connectivity issues (reported by 89.6% of students and 92.2% of instructors), electricity supply challenges (78.4% students, 85.6% instructors), inadequate technological resources (81.3% students, 88.9% instructors), insufficient technological literacy (63.6% students, 71.1% instructors), and instructor unwillingness to adopt new methods (52.7% students, 43.3% instructors). Qualitative findings revealed four major themes: infrastructure deficiencies, pedagogical concerns, resource limitations, and resistance to change. Chi-square analysis showed significant associations between perceived effectiveness and academic level (p=0.018), prior technology experience (p=0.003), and institutional affiliation (p=0.029). Conclusion: While nursing students and instructors perceive blended learning as effective for enhancing flexibility and resource access, substantial barriers related to infrastructure, resources, and human capacity impede implementation. Successful blended learning adoption in Cameroonian nursing education requires comprehensive interventions addressing technological infrastructure, faculty development, resource provision, and institutional support systems.
Ezeike Edith Chinyere, Magbagbeola Omolabake Elizabeth, Olaniyi O. Taiwo, Oyetunji Felicia Odunayo
Introduction: Malaria fever has been found to be one of the major cause of morbidity and mortality especially in sub-Saharan African. However, malaria attacks can be prevented through consistent use of ITNs, but study had shown that its utilisation had been very low. Objective: This study aim to examine the perceived effectiveness of the insecticide-treated nets in the prevention of malaria among students at the Oyo State College of Nursing Sciences, Eleyele, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: The study utilised a descriptive cross-sectional design. The population size was 270 of the 200 and 300 levels of OYCNSE. Taro Yamane’s formula was used to determine 177 sample size. Participants were selected using a random sampling (balloting) technique. A self-constructed questionnaire with Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Coefficient of 0.774 was used to collect data. Results: The response rate was 100%, but 175 out of 177 questionnaires were analysed. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data using SPSS Version 26, and the results were presented with tables, frequencies, and simple percentages. The findings show that 169(96.6%) have heard about Insecticide treated nets before, and 139(79.4%) knew the primary purpose of ITNs use. 130(74.3%) owns ITNs, 106(81.5%) of those that owns ITNs use it, while only 75(42.9%) of them always sleep under ITNs. Most militating factors against ITNs use in the prevention of malaria are excessive heat production 147(84%), air flow reduction 134(76.6%), and chemical irritation and allergies 133(76%). However, 130 (74.3%) had a poor perception of the effectiveness of ITNs in preventing malaria. The Pearson chi-square test showed that no difference exist between level of education and utilisation of ITN (X2(2) = 0.581, P=.748). Conclusion/Recommendation: The findings highlight a clear gap between knowledge and practice, emphasizing the need for nursing education and public health interventions to move beyond awareness creation to practical, behaviour-centered approaches. Therefore, Nursing students in Oyo State College of Nursing Sciences, Eleyele must be equipped with skills to demonstrate correct ITN use, address misconceptions, and act as role models and advocates in malaria prevention.
Dr. Ravi Kumar, Mr. Anurag Chandravanshi
The increasing generation of fly ash from coal-based power plants poses significant environmental challenges, necessitating sustainable utilization strategies. This study explores the use of modified fly ash cenospheres as eco-friendly and cost-effective materials for wastewater treatment, particularly automobile wash effluent containing high levels of COD, suspended solids, oil, and grease. Various modifications of cenospheres, including chitosan coating and TiO₂ functionalization, were synthesized and characterized using SEM, EDAX, AFM, XRD, FTIR, and surface area analysis. Electrochemical behavior and physicochemical properties were also evaluated. The performance of modified cenospheres was assessed through electrocoagulation and jar test experiments under optimized conditions. Among the samples, chitosan cross-linked cenosphere (CCP) exhibited superior removal efficiency, faster sedimentation, and higher floc formation compared to other variants. Maximum pollutant removal was achieved at optimized pH and contact time. The findings demonstrate that modified cenospheres, particularly CCP, are effective and sustainable materials for wastewater treatment, offering a promising solution for small-scale industrial applications.
Ndille Ndille Njume
The creation of the Constitutional Council of Cameroon in 2018 as the final arbiter of electoral disputes generated significant public debate regarding its effectiveness, particularly following the broadcast of its 2018 hearings on state media. This study examines perspectives from the general public and key electoral stakeholders on the effectiveness of the Constitutional Council in resolving electoral conflicts. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through an online survey of 219 participants and semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with 35 stakeholders including political parties, ELECAM, the Ministry of Territorial Administration, civil society organizations, and members of the Constitutional Council. The findings reveal predominantly negative public perceptions, with majorities viewing the Council as lacking independence, transparency, and fairness, and as ineffective in resolving disputes and delivering justice in cases of electoral fraud; meanwhile, stakeholder interviews produced mixed views, as some defended the Council's adherence to the rule of law while others criticized its limited independence due to presidential appointments, questioned the impartiality of certain members, noted that political parties poorly mastered litigation procedures, and identified restrictive timelines and flawed electoral laws as barriers to effective justice. Although the Constitutional Council has established mechanisms for handling electoral disputes, both public opinion and stakeholder assessments indicate significant dissatisfaction and reveal structural and legal limitations that undermine confidence in the institution.
Dr. Bhaskara Raju Vatchavai, Dr. Dhabal Kumar Satapathy, Dr. Srinivasu Matta, Mohan Eswar Raju Thotakura, Vinay Sai Vella, Yasaswini Yedlapalli
In Ayurveda, the traditional medicinal plant Moringa Oleifera—also known as horse radish tree is highly regarded for its healing qualities. This study aims to evaluate moringa oleifera extracts' antibacterial and anti-inflammatory qualities in vitro. The anti-inflammatory potential was assessed using the membrane stabilizing and protein denaturation methods. The antibacterial effectiveness against particular strains of bacteria and fungus was examined using the agar well diffusion method. Initial phytochemical testing revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids; these substances might be in charge of the biological activities found. The extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. The organism's significant anti-inflammatory qualities supported its traditional use in treating inflammatory illnesses. Additionally, the extracts demonstrated strong antifungal and antibacterial activity towards common strains of fungus and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Since it is used to boost a woman's milk production and is occasionally recommended for anemia, it is referred to as "mother's best friend" in the Philippines. Examining the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory qualities of several Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in vitro was the aim of the present one study.
Fiza Khan, S.M. Khan, Shadaan Afreen
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a perceptual phenomenon marked by tingling sensations that typically begin in the scalp or neck and are accompanied by a sense of calm and relaxation. Although ASMR content is widely used to reduce stress and anxiety, empirical research on its physiological effects remains limited. The present study examined the impact of ASMR exposure on electrodermal activity, measured through skin resistance, across two sensory conditions: audio-only and audiovisual. Sixty students were randomly assigned to either condition and exposed to ASMR stimuli for 15 minutes. Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) was recorded at baseline and at five-minute intervals. Results showed a significant increase in skin resistance over time in both groups, indicating a decrease in sympathetic arousal and a shift toward a more relaxed physiological state. The pattern of change was comparable across conditions, with no significant differences observed between the audio-only and audiovisual groups. These findings suggest that ASMR, regardless of modality, can produce measurable physiological relaxation. The results support its potential as a simple, accessible, and non-invasive tool for stress reduction, particularly in student populations.
Binu Thomas, Jaseela M.P.
The family Oxalidaceae, comprising around five genera and 565 species, is predominantly found in tropical and subtropical regions, with species distributed globally, including temperate zones. The genus Oxalis includes about 500 species, most of which are native to South Africa and South America. These species are typically herbs, with some being woody, and exhibit a range of habitat adaptations, growing from sea level to altitudes over 3700 meters. In India, Oxalis comprises 10 species, including O. acetosella L., O. corniculata L., O. pes-caprae L., O. debilis Kunth. and others. Historically, Oxalis was placed in the family Geraniaceae in works such as the Flora of the Presidency of Madras and the Flora of British India. This review focuses on the phytochemical properties of seven common Oxalis species found in India (O. corniculata L., O. acetosella L., O. pes-caprae L., O. latifolia Kunth., O. tetraphylla Cav., O. triangularis A.St.-Hil. and O. debilis Kunth.), highlighting their bioactive compounds with potential medicinal applications. The species are known for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, supporting their use in traditional medicine. The present analysis primarily focused on an overview of the phytochemistry and pharmacognosy of selected Oxalis spp. to understand their therapeutic potential.
Apolmi G., Igwilo, M. O, Obiefuna Joy Ngozika, Oladimeji R.U, Onoja A.
This research investigated the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial efficacy of aerial extracts derived from Buchholzia coriacea (wonderful kola), with a particular focus on the assessment of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The plant materials were collected, subjected, dried, extracted utilizing ethanol, acetone, and water. Preliminary phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of bioactive compounds, inclusive of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, phenols, and glycosides, with the ethanol extract demonstrating the greatest diversity and concentration of these compounds. Quantitative assessments revealed that flavonoids (24.37 mg/100 g) and alkaloids (21.33 mg/100 g) represented the most prevalent constituents, thereby suggesting substantial pharmacological potential. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity was conducted against selected bacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp.) and fungal (Candida spp., Aspergillus spp.) isolates employing disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methodologies. The findings exhibited pronounced inhibitory effects, particularly with respect to ethanol and acetone extracts, which displayed zones of inhibition akin to those of standard antibiotics. Notably, the ethanol extract exhibited the highest level of antimicrobial potency, particularly against E. coli (27.00 mm) and Candida spp. (25.00 mm). The MIC evaluation further substantiated the efficacy of the extracts, with the ethanol extract revealing robust activity (0.10–0.50 mg/mL) against the majority of the test organisms. In contrast, the aqueous extracts exhibited relatively diminished antimicrobial activity. These findings underscore the significant impact of solvent polarity on both extraction efficiency and antimicrobial efficacy.
Obasikene Catherine, Okafor Chisolum, Shirley Chukwurah, Uguru Isreal
Background: Hepatic steatosis is a major global health burden, often progressing to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for fibrosis assessment, but its invasiveness limits its widespread use. Portal vein Doppler velocimetry and Serum biomarkers, such as the Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), which provides biochemical insight, offer a non-invasive alternative for detecting hemodynamic changes associated with fibrosis. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between portal vein Doppler velocimetry parameters and serum biomarkers of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatic steatosis, compared with apparently healthy controls in Nnewi, Nigeria. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study of 180 participants (90 with hepatic steatosis, 90 healthy controls) was conducted at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. Doppler parameters, including Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), End Diastolic Velocity (EDV), and Portal Vein Pulsatility Index (PVPI), were measured. Serum biomarkers (AST, platelet count, APRI score) were analysed. Results: Hepatic steatosis patients showed increased portal vein diameter (1.7 mm; 95% CI: 1.39–2.01) and PVPI (0.10; 95% CI: 0.081–0.119), with reduced PSV (−4.9 cm/s; 95% CI: −7.07 to −2.73) and EDV (−2.3 cm/s; 95% CI: −3.28 to −1.32) (p < 0.001). PSV decreased and PVPI increased with steatosis severity (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001). AST and APRI were higher, while platelet counts were lower (p < 0.001). PSV correlated inversely with APRI (r = −0.243, p = 0.022). Conclusion: Portal vein Doppler velocimetry demonstrates significant alterations in hepatic steatosis and correlates with serum biomarkers of fibrosis. It represents a promising, cost-effective, non-invasive tool for fibrosis assessment in resource-limited settings.
Kristine Marie T. Ronario
This descriptive-comparative research examined the physical education (PE) teaching programs and practices of State Universities and Colleges in CALABARZON. The evaluation employed five key variables, which were backed by interviews with PE teachers. The results indicated that successful PE programs must align with established standards and guidelines, meet PE goals, foster overall fitness, foster teamwork and cooperation, and have systematic monitoring and evaluation of students. When it comes to leadership, teachers are expected to be masters of activities, well-rounded communicators, and logical in their approach to teaching. They are supposed to encourage the less-active students, make learning fun and acknowledge differences. In terms of overall class procedures, educators need to keep proper records of progress, record attendance effectively, oversee proper activities in case of students with medical excuses and offer differentiated learning experiences. The use of technology in PE, the creation of technology-limited students’ modules, the regular application of warm-up and cool-down activities, and the use of proper assessment rubrics were also highlighted. PE teachers are expected to offer ample space to conduct activities, maintain sufficient lighting and ventilation, frequently check equipment and facilities, demonstrate activities clearly to avoid injuries, keep track of the medical condition of students, and have basic first-aid knowledge to provide a safe and healthy environment. Regarding student behavior, students ought to treat teachers with respect, cooperate to learn new skills, deliver performances, and have fun during PE lessons. The study recommends that the instructional model and action plan developed, particularly Tantang’s Model, be adopted by PE teachers to create effective learning experiences and improve physical education instruction.
Karnajit Mangang, Maishnam Rustam Singh
The paper aims to highlight the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among various populations in Northeast India. This region, including Nagaland, Assam, and Manipur, shows significant rates of G6PD deficiency. Populations such as the Angami Naga of Nagaland (27.06%), Muslims of Manipur (21.32%), Mizos of Mizoram (17.5%) and the Rabha and Mikir populations of Assam exhibit a high frequency of G6PD deficiency, exceeding 15%, with an overall regional prevalence of 6.58%. The overall frequency of G6PD deficiency is higher among the tribal populations (8.40%), while non-tribal populations show 4.50% and mixed populations 4.88%. These differences are statistically significant, as indicated by chi-square values of 27.8176 (p<0.00001) and 17.1894 (p=0.000034) respectively. The frequency trends reflect a complex interplay of genetic factor and environmental pressures, particularly malaria in the region.
Abba Paul Ogor, Augustina Dooshima Orshio, Ayu Agbecha, Isaiah Iorver Kende, Sesugh Daniel Terver
Prostate diseases remain a major public health concern worldwide, particularly among aging male populations. This study investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of prostate disease in men attending the Urology Clinic at the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, using serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels as a diagnostic marker. A total of 100 male participants aged 50 years and above were recruited for PSA testing, while 200 participants completed structured questionnaires on demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Serum PSA levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Elevated PSA was defined as ≥4.0 ng/mL. Elevated PSA levels were observed in 60% of participants tested, with the highest prevalence among the Hausa (33.3%) and Tiv (30%) ethnic groups, and in men aged 60–69 years (55%). Questionnaire data indicated that 66% of respondents reported a history of prostate disease, and 61% had a family history of the condition. Bacterial infections (45%) and diabetes mellitus (30.5%) were the most frequently reported comorbidities. The findings demonstrate a substantial burden of prostate disease among men in Makurdi, highlighting age, family history, and comorbidities as key risk factors. Routine PSA screening, particularly among high-risk groups, is recommended for early detection and intervention.
Chai Zi Chen Daniel, Karuppiah Servai Prabakaran
Sinonasal malignancies are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all cancers and approximately 3–5% of head and neck malignancies¹,². Among these, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common histological subtype³. However, primary involvement of the nasal floor represents an exceptionally uncommon subsite with limited representation in published series. We report a case of a 68-year-old male presenting with nonspecific nasal symptoms, ultimately diagnosed with keratinizing SCC arising from the nasal floor. The disease demonstrated early structural destruction despite localized radiological staging. The patient underwent wide local excision with immediate reconstruction followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, achieving good oncological control and acceptable cosmetic outcome. A structured review of available literature highlights the scarcity of reported nasal floor SCC cases and underscores the diagnostic challenges associated with this entity. This case emphasizes the need for heightened clinical suspicion, early biopsy, and individualized multidisciplinary management. The limitations of current staging systems in addressing subsite-specific morbidity are discussed as a potential area for future research.
Ayomide V. Akinola, Jerusha A. Akpojovwo, Juliet E. Idume-David, Maxmilian C. Ugwunna, Oluwatosin E. Labode, Opeyemi T. Olatunji, Toyyibat M. Yisau, Uchenna J. Nzenwata
The proliferation of autonomous agentic artificial intelligence systems necessitates robust privacy-preserving mechanisms to facilitate secure collaboration in distributed environments. This systematic review investigates the synergistic integration of federated learning (FL), differential privacy (DP), and secure multi-agent coordination in agentic AI systems. Through a comprehensive analysis guided by the PRISMA methodology, we examine how FL enables decentralized model training while preserving data locality, and how DP fortifies these systems against privacy inference attacks through controlled noise injection. Our investigation reveals critical security vulnerabilities including adversarial poisoning and backdoor attacks, while identifying emerging cryptographic solutions such as homomorphic encryption and secure multiparty computation. The findings demonstrate that the convergence of these technologies provides a foundational framework for privacy-respecting autonomous AI systems, though significant challenges remain in scalability and real-world deployment.
Ashiru A.W., Famakinwa O.A., Kumoye E.A., OJIE B.N.
Cellulase enzymes play an important role in the degradation of cellulose into simpler sugars and are widely used in several industrial applications such as biofuel production, food processing, textile processing, and waste management. This study investigated the production and characterization of cellulase from fungal isolates obtained from corn cob substrate. Agricultural wastes such as corn cobs are rich in cellulose and can serve as suitable substrates for cellulase-producing microorganisms. The fungal isolates were cultured and screened for cellulase production using cellulose agar medium. Identification of the isolates revealed the presence of Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus oxysporum. Enzyme production was evaluated by measuring the diameter of hydrolysis zones formed around fungal colonies. The results showed that both fungal species were capable of producing cellulase; however, Aspergillus oxysporum demonstrated higher cellulolytic activity compared to Penicillium chrysogenum. The relatively higher enzymatic activity observed suggests strong potential for application in biofuel production and agricultural waste bioconversion industries, where efficient cellulose degradation is required. The findings highlight the potential of these fungi for cellulase production and their possible industrial applications.
Achukwu Chinyere Evangeline, Kasimu Malami, Nnamdi, Nneka Juliet, Oigene Sunday Michael
Introduction: Giving birth is an empowering experience for women and their partners when they have the opportunity to make choices that influence the outcome of this significant life event. Despite efforts made by Nigeria to improve antenatal and postnatal care provision, the perinatal death rate remains high. Consequently, many women continue to experience intense, long-lasting grief, and poorer physical and mental health outcomes due to the loss of a baby after birth. This study assess the psychological and social burdens experienced by women who delivered through Caesarean Section (CS) and lost their infants, while also assessing their Health-Related Quality of Life (HrQoL). Methodology: A mixed-method research design was adopted. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 31 women in Gboko who lost their babies after a CS within six (6) weeks post-partum. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and structured questionnaires. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, while quantitative data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Results: The findings revealed high levels of psychological distress, significant social challenges, and poor HrQoL among the participants. Thematic analysis identified core themes of emotional pain, trauma, abandonment, hopelessness, and self-harm. Social burdens included isolation, relationship strain, and emotional distress. Physical domains such as mobility, self-care, and pain/discomfort were also negatively affected. Furthermore, moderate to severe depression and anxiety were reported by the majority of respondents. While support from spouses, families, peers, and healthcare providers was acknowledged, significant gaps in care remain. Conclusion: Recovery for these women requires educational interventions combined with a holistic supportive approach. It is insufficient to heal the surgical incision alone; healthcare systems must provide active lactation suppression support, grief counseling, and family therapy to address the strain on marital relationships and the fear of future pregnancies.
Dr. Lakshmi K., Smit Patel
This paper presents a real-time customer behavior analysis system using Big Data Analytics and machine learning techniques. The rapid growth of digital platforms, mobile applications, and transactional systems has led to the generation of large volumes of customer data, which traditional processing methods struggle to handle efficiently. The proposed framework integrates Apache Kafka for real-time data ingestion, Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for scalable storage, and Apache Spark for high-speed data processing. Machine learning models including K-Means Clustering, Logistic Regression, and Association Rule Mining are applied for customer segmentation, purchase prediction, and product recommendation. The study addresses a key research gap by developing a unified, end-to-end pipeline that combines real-time processing with multiple analytical models and clearly defined evaluation metrics. Experimental results on a dataset of 500,000 customer records show that Logistic Regression achieves the highest accuracy of 90%, outperforming Decision Trees (88%) and K-Means (85%). The results demonstrate that the proposed approach enables improved customer targeting, enhanced retention strategies, and more effective data-driven decision-making.
Rhushikesh Pingale, Rushikesh Patil, Sangram Chavan, Siddheshwar Wanve, Sonali Jondhale, Sushant Sole, Sushma Ghadigaonkar
Cellular senescence, a hallmark of ageing, is characterised by irreversible proliferative arrest and the secretion of inflammatory mediators that influence tissue microenvironments. While senescence is protective in development, wound healing, and tumour suppression, the chronic accumulation of senescent cells accelerates inflammation, fibrosis, and organ dysfunction. Senotherapeutics, a novel pharmacological class that encompasses Senolytics and Senomorphics, aims to selectively eliminate senescent cells or suppress their harmful secretory activity. This review, based on seminar discussions and recent literature, outlines the mechanisms of senescence, associated biomarkers, links to chronic diseases, and current advances in Senotherapeutic strategies. Preclinical evidence and early clinical studies suggest their potential to extend health span in humans and animals.
Dr. Bello Hassaan T
The study adopts a qualitative and policy-analytical approach, drawing on recent financial market trends, regulatory developments, and institutional reforms within Nigeria. It synthesizes evidence from monetary policy actions, capital market initiatives, fintech expansion, and sustainable finance instruments to evaluate the structural strengths and weaknesses of the financial ecosystem. The analysis focuses on identifying policy gaps and proposing strategic reforms to enhance resilience, efficiency, and global competitiveness. The findings indicate that while Nigeria’s financial markets demonstrate strong potential driven by fintech growth, sustainable finance instruments, and digital currency innovation, macroeconomic volatility and regulatory fragmentation remain significant risks. Strengthening monetary stability, expanding digital infrastructure, harmonizing regulatory frameworks, promoting financial literacy, enhancing cybersecurity, and incentivizing sustainable finance are critical for sustained development. With coordinated policy implementation, Nigeria can consolidate its position as a leading financial hub in Africa, fostering economic diversification, financial inclusion, and long-term inclusive growth.
Nitesh Prasad Sah
Clinical trials have undergone substantial transformation over the past decade, driven by innovations such as decentralized trial models, adaptive designs, and the incorporation of real-world data. While these developments have enhanced efficiency and patient accessibility, they have simultaneously introduced complex regulatory challenges. Existing regulatory frameworks often struggle to adequately address these evolving methodologies, particularly in ensuring data integrity, patient safety, and consistent oversight. This review critically examines the current regulatory landscape governing modern clinical trials, highlighting key challenges and gaps in existing systems. Real-world examples are discussed to illustrate regulatory limitations and practical implications. The paper further explores future directions aimed at strengthening regulatory oversight while maintaining flexibility for innovation. A balanced approach is essential to ensure that advancements in clinical research do not compromise ethical standards or patient safety.
Duru, Ndubuisi Ebere, Eze, Chinonso Blessing, Jacob, Joy Nkeiruka, Obiako, Benjamin Chukwudi, Okonkwo, Chukwuebuka Augustine, Okwara, Anulika Perpetua O., Okwara, Blasius Okechukwu, Ugbala, Amaechi
Background: Implant failure following intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures, though uncommon, presents a significant surgical challenge, particularly when the distal fragment of a broken nail is retained within the medullary canal. Conventional extraction techniques are often technically demanding, may require specialized instruments, and can increase operative morbidity. This challenge is further amplified in resource-constrained settings where advanced tools may not be readily available. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 56-year-old male who presented with a 7-month history of right thigh pain, deformity, and abnormal mobility following previous surgical interventions for femoral shaft fracture. Radiographic evaluation revealed atrophic nonunion with broken intramedullary implants (Kuntscher nail and Rush pin). During surgery, conventional extraction techniques successfully removed the proximal components; however, the distal fragment proved difficult to retrieve. A corkscrew device, obtained from a hip arthroplasty set, was introduced into the lumen of the retained nail fragment, achieving secure purchase and enabling controlled extraction. This was followed by exchange intramedullary nailing and bone grafting. Intervention: Minimally invasive extraction of the retained distal nail fragment using a corkscrew technique, followed by definitive fixation with interlocking intramedullary nailing and autologous bone grafting. Outcome: Postoperative recovery was uneventful. The patient commenced early mobilization and progressed from non-weight bearing to full weight bearing by 12 weeks. Follow-up radiographs demonstrated satisfactory callus formation, and the patient reported resolution of pain, restoration of limb length, and return to functional ambulation. Conclusion: The corkscrew extraction technique is a simple, cost-effective, and minimally invasive method for removing retained distal fragments of broken intramedullary femoral nails. It is particularly valuable in resource-limited settings and should be considered a reliable alternative when conventional extraction methods fail.
Bashir, A. Fatima, Muhammad, B., Muhammad, I. R.
This study evaluated the response of feeding concentrate supplementation and varying levels of hydroponic maize fodder (HPMF) on growth performance, nutrient intake, nutrients digestibility, and nitrogen balance of growing Yankasa rams. The objective was to determine growth rate, nutrients intake, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen balance. Nine (9) rams (average initial weight: 16 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments with three animals per treatment in a completely randomized design. The control diet consisted of concentrate (13.4% crude protein), while the other treatments included 30% and 60% HPMF. The experiment lasted 90 days. Feed samples were analyzed for proximate and fibre composition. Body weights were recorded at the start and at two-week intervals. Digestibility and nitrogen balance were determined using total faecal and urine collection methods. Feed intake and live-weight changes were recorded to determine weight gain. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results showed significant (P < 0.05) differences in feed intake, weight gain, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. Rams fed the control diet had superior growth performance, while those on 60% HPMF recorded higher feed intake. Nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance were also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the control group. It was concluded that HPMF can be included up to 60% with concentrate supplementation; however, optimal performance is achieved with concentrate-based diets.
Chibueze Juliet Chimakasiemobi, Ozoemena Chibueze Romanus
Rise husk ash, a by- product from the burning of rice husk during the parboiling process, is a great threat to the environment causing damage to the land and the surrounding areas in which it is dumped. Nigeria being a major rice producing country, creates about 5.2million tons of rice and 1.2 tons of rice husk annually, most of which is disposed in nearby rivers or lands of the rice mills. Though, finding and giving a suitable application of this by product may have a great impact on reducing pollution, reuse and economic benefits for the society. In this paper, the potentiality of Rice Husk Ash is discussed as a sustainable building material. The objectives of this paper are to identify the physical properties of rice husk ash, to examine the various application of rice husk ash as a sustainable building material and to investigate the use of RHA as a sustainable building material in Enugu urban area. The study observed that 63.5 percent of building developers and owners of industries uses rice husk ash as additive in block production and 21.5 percent of them use it as waterproof agent in building foundation. Based on the findings of the study, the study recommends that rice husk ash stabilized concrete block can be a potential alternative which will be sustainable not only by its cost and energy efficiency, but also by turning agricultural waste into block producing material.
D. Rajitha, Prof. K. Raji Reddy
The risk and returns analysis of the pharmaceutical industry is important in the process of making investment decisions. It allows investors to determine, whether the pharmaceutical stocks are viable in terms of returns when compared to the risks of the stocks, and hence informs investor decision making. The pharmaceutical industry is also viewed as a defensive industry because the demand of medicine is usually relatively stable even in times of economic decline, offering clues on the stability and its capacity to withstand the recession. Additionally, the analysis of the correlation between pharmaceutical stocks and the general market would help investors to have a successful portfolio diversification. By knowing the trend of the pharma stocks against the rest of the sectors, investors will be able to streamline their investments and minimize the risk factor, as a whole. Performance evaluation is another area of application of the risk and return analysis that will be used to ascertain whether the pharmaceutical sector is outperforming or underperforming the entire stock market within a specified timeframe. Lastly, the appraisal of the financial performance of the pharmaceutical industry is insightful information to both policy makers and researchers. It emphasizes the role played by the sector in economic development, job creation, and national building, making it possible to develop evidence-based policies and planning of the healthcare and industrial sectors. This study examines the risk-return behavior of the pharmaceutical sector in India over a ten-year period from 2015–16 to 2024–25. The pharmaceutical industry plays a critical role in the Indian economy and has gained increased attention from investors, particularly in the post-pandemic period. The primary objective of this research is to analyze the performance and risk characteristics of the sector in relation to the broader market. The study employs both descriptive and analytical research methodologies. Key financial metrics such as the Sharpe Ratio, Beta (β), and correlation coefficient are used to evaluate risk-adjusted returns, systematic risk, and the relationship between the pharmaceutical sector and the market index. Additionally, rolling returns are calculated to assess consistency and variability in sector performance over time. Secondary data has been collected from reliable financial databases and stock market reports for the specified period. The findings of the study provide insights into whether the pharmaceutical sector offers superior risk-adjusted returns and how sensitive it is to overall market movements. The results are expected to assist investors, portfolio managers, and policymakers in making informed decisions regarding investment in the pharmaceutical sector.
Biswarup Samanta, Sunil Kumar Samantaraya
Cloud Computing refers to the on-demand availability of IT resources via Internet. It delivers different types of services to the customer by “pay-per-use” basis. So it saves time & cost. Many industries, enterprises are moving towards the cloud due to its efficiency in services. There are various research challenges present in this context i.e. Service Level Agreement, Privacy, Inter-operability & Reliability. The main objective of cloud computing is to maximize its value by minimizing complexities. Aim of the Research: The aim is to focus the major Role of Cloud Computing in Enterprise Systems and to develop a Cloud-ERP system, which will help to achieve excellence and also to take competitive advantage. A memorable growth will be seen in terms of Data Centers, and Cloud Usage.
Bhawna Singh, Dr. Shikha Tiwari
In the present Tech age, social media has emerged as a powerful platform influencing learning processes. This paper presents a theoretical exploration of social media as a pedagogical catalyst in fostering environmental awareness. Moving beyond the concept of social media as merely a communication tool, this study considers social media as a dynamic educational infrastructure that mediates environmental learning through constructivist interaction, transformative reflection, and social learning processes. The framework proposes that digital engagement shapes cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions of environmental awareness, contributing to ecological citizenship and responsible environmental action. Furthermore, the study supports integration of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) to enrich the ethical and cultural grounding of digital environmental pedagogy. The paper identifies moderating variables such as digital literacy, media literacy, psychological well-being, and institutional support, which influence the depth of environmental learning.
Gimbason M. D., Jibrin I.E, Jibrin M. D
Substance abuse among adolescents remains a critical public health concern in Nigeria, with significant implications for social and developmental outcomes. This study examined the socio-demographic effects of substance abuse among adolescents in Kokona Local Government Area (LGA), Nasarawa State. A cross-sectional survey design was employed involving 400 adolescents aged 10–19 years selected through [insert sampling technique]. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-square (χ²) test of independence to examine the relationship between socio-demographic factors (such as age, sex, and family background) and substance abuse among adolescents. while SPSS Version 26.0 Findings revealed that socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, educational level, peer influence, and family socio-economic status significantly influenced substance abuse patterns (p < 0.05). Substance abuse was found to adversely affect academic performance, increase school absenteeism, and contribute to behavioral and psychological problems among adolescents. The study concludes that socio-demographic factors play a significant role in shaping substance abuse behaviours and outcomes. It recommends targeted interventions focusing on adolescents’ social environments and strengthening preventive health education programs.
Sibanda Nothando
This study utilizes a qualitative survey of 28 public officials from 25 Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) to investigate why sophisticated digital government projects in Zimbabwe are not providing effective services. The conclusions and recommendations are based on the notion that the disclosure of differences and challenges would help Zimbabwe to align policy design and implementation early. However, supply and demand-related factors are blocking digital government readiness. The data revealed five major themes: digital skills shortages (Mutsagondo and Charewa, 2025) and technophobia (Munyoka and Maharaj, 2019); fragmented institutional coordination (Madire, 2017; Mutsagondo and Khumalo, 2023); political economy limitations (Munyoka and Maharaj, 2019); centralized governance and local innovation challenges (Madire, 2017; Mutsagondo and Charewa, 2025); and finally, citizen-centric design failures (Munyoka, 2019). These conditions exacerbate institutional decoupling whereby formal policies are only given symbolic endorsement but not implemented in practice. In response, this study develops a Context-Sensitive Implementation Framework (CSIF) and a readiness assessment instrument to identify and explain key implementation needs and facilitators. The approach also offers ideas on how to address Zimbabwe’s implementation problem, for example by better engaging and facilitating local communities and aligning local practices with formal policies.
Bllzabeth Francee B. Labrador, LPT, MAEd, Kriscentti Exzur P. Barcelona, PhD
In a globalized world, English speaking proficiency remains relevant, as it allows people to communicate effectively in various professional fields. However, a knowledge gap exists in the collective influence of speaking anxiety, language exposure, and quality of instruction on oral fluency. This study aimed to determine the influence of the variables among 280 first-year college students at a city college in Misamis Oriental. The sample size was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula with a 5% margin of error. The study was anchored on FLA theory, which explained learners’ emotional responses to second language use. A quantitative design was employed by collecting data using validated questionnaires and an oral fluency assessment rubric, which were subjected to CFA prior to use; a pilot test with 30 students confirmed acceptable to excellent reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.725–0.857). Descriptive statistics, CCA, and stepwise multiple regression analyses were employed. The results revealed that speaking anxiety had a significant negative influence on oral fluency, indicating that higher levels of anxiety are associated with lower speaking performance, while language exposure and quality of instruction did not show a significant effect. These findings emphasize the critical role of affective factors on oral fluency. The result indicates that oral fluency is a complex and multidimensional skill shaped by interaction of various factors. The study recommends instructional approaches that reduce speaking anxiety and promote supportive learning environments to enhance fluency, as well as further exploration of psychological and cognitive variables to better understand their combined impact on oral fluency.
Fitriah Dwi Mulyani, Hadi Tama Waskito, Hally Hanafiah, Pandu Adi Cakranegara, Teresha Agrivinna Philberta, Tony Kristhiofan
This study examines how an incumbent department store retailer in an emerging market reconfigures its physical store network to sustain profitability under omnichannel pressure. Drawing on a longitudinal single-case study of PT Matahari Department Store Tbk between 2019 and 2024, the research analyzes the relationship between store rationalization, space productivity, and financial performance amid sustained digital disruption and shifting consumer behavior. Using archival data from audited annual reports, sustainability disclosures, and institutional sources, the study traces changes in store count, cost structures, and profitability over time. The findings show that periods of physical store expansion were associated with declining profitability despite stable revenues, while subsequent store closures coincided with improvements in net profit driven primarily by cost realignment rather than demand growth. Interpreted through Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the results suggest that store rationalization constitutes a deliberate process of asset reconfiguration involving sensing deteriorating space productivity, seizing opportunities to realign the store portfolio, and transforming the role of physical stores within an omnichannel system. By foregrounding space productivity as the mechanism linking asset reconfiguration to performance outcomes, this study challenges decline-oriented narratives of store closures and advances understanding of how incumbent retailers in emerging markets adapt physical retail space to sustain financial resilience in omnichannel environments.
Jed I. Bete
This action research examined the impact of Project GUIDE (Guaranteeing Upkeep of Instruction and Daily Engagement) on classroom supervision and teacher attendance at Davao City National High School. Using a qualitative action research design, data were gathered from 14 participants composed of teachers and department heads through open-ended surveys and document analysis of attendance logs and monitoring reports. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that prior to the intervention, supervision was fragmented, sporadic, and manual, resulting in delayed detection of teacher tardiness, weak accountability mechanisms, and compromised classroom discipline and student safety. Following the implementation of Project GUIDE, results indicated a notable shift toward a structured and real-time monitoring system that strengthened accountability, improved teacher punctuality, and enhanced classroom order and safety. The intervention fostered a stronger sense of professional responsibility among teachers and enabled school leaders to respond more efficiently to instructional concerns. The study concludes that structured hourly monitoring enhances instructional supervision and institutionalizes accountability in school settings, although further research is needed to examine its direct impact on instructional quality and student achievement.
Dr. S. Brindha, Dr. S. Ravichandran, Sajith Balaji Sarvesh
Stress is a subjective sensation that is difficult to accurately define. Stress can have a variety of biological and psychological consequences on one's health, which can be defined and quantified. We only get half of the information if we focus solely on what someone says and ignore what their demeanor tells us. In this project, we will use random forest and decision tree algorithms to detect mental stress. The existing system does not work in real time and is inaccurate and inefficient in terms of loading and implementation durations. Furthermore, the appropriate test-train split ratio is not applied during testing and training. The OCIR proposed method is implemented in real time and has a high level of accuracy. In comparison to the current system, the suggested solution has incredibly fast loading and execution times. The OCIR proposed method can be improved for more complex use cases and is highly effective and scalable.
Dr Usha Kamale
Stress management is becoming more and more crucial in today's fast-paced technological environment, particularly for IT professionals. Long working hours, strict deadlines and high expectations are common aspects of the work environment in the IT sector, and these can raise stress levels. Unmanaged stress has an adverse effect on professionals' health and well-being as well as their productivity and job happiness. A data set comprising of 2343 sample values taken from Kaggle is used for detecting the stress levels
Ogala Ehimen, Prof Diepriye Okodoko
Background: Nursing students experience significant academic and psychosocial stress, which may adversely affect their academic performance and overall well-being. Aim: This study examined the relationship between stress, coping strategies, and academic performance among nursing students in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 250 undergraduate nursing students (N = 250) selected using stratified random sampling from two accredited institutions in Bayelsa State. The response rate was 83.3%. Data were collected using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Brief COPE inventory. Academic performance was measured using students’ self-reported Grade Point Average (GPA) on a 5.0 scale for the most recent academic semester. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: A high proportion of students reported moderate to high levels of stress, with academic workload, examinations, and clinical postings identified as major stressors. Problem-focused and religious coping strategies were the most commonly utilized. Stress showed a significant negative relationship with academic performance (r = –0.45, p < 0.001), while adaptive coping strategies demonstrated a significant positive association with GPA (r = 0.38, p < 0.01). Regression analysis indicated that stress and coping strategies were significant predictors of academic performance (R² = 0.42, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Stress significantly impairs academic performance among nursing students; however, the use of effective coping strategies, particularly adaptive and religious coping, can mitigate its adverse effects. The findings highlight the need for institutional interventions, including stress management programs and accessible psychological support services.
Dr. Vijaya Baskaran R, Mr. Ranjith S V
This study examines students’ cognitive and affective responses to the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 in Indian higher education, addressing the gap between policy intent and student-level experiences. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional design, data were collected from over 700 postgraduate and doctoral students through a structured questionnaire. The study assesses cognitive dimensions: awareness, understanding, perceived usefulness, and challenges and affective dimensions including attitudes, emotional responses, motivation, and satisfaction. Descriptive results indicate moderate to high cognitive engagement, with perceived usefulness scoring the highest, while awareness and understanding remain relatively lower, reflecting gaps in clarity. Affective responses reveal cautious optimism, with moderately positive attitudes and motivation but moderate emotional engagement and satisfaction. Reliability and validity measures confirm the robustness of the constructs. ANOVA results show significant differences across institutional types, highlighting disparities in policy implementation. Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) findings reveal that cognitive responses significantly and positively influence affective responses. Perceived usefulness and understanding emerge as strong positive predictors, whereas perceived challenges negatively impact students’ attitudes and motivation. The model demonstrates satisfactory explanatory and predictive power. The study offers important implications for policy and practice. Enhancing student awareness through structured communication, improving institutional support systems, and addressing infrastructural constraints can strengthen both cognitive and emotional engagement. Promoting student-centric pedagogies and reducing implementation barriers are critical for improving acceptance of NEP 2020. Overall, aligning cognitive understanding with supportive institutional practices is essential for effective and inclusive policy implementation in higher education.
Angelie C. Abing, Dr. Ines V. Danao. RSW, MSSW
The Supplementary Feeding Program (SFP) is recognized as a vital community-based intervention that promotes improved nutritional status among young children while fostering parental involvement in early childhood development. This study examined the operationalization of the SFP in practice, the extent of family participation, and its effects on children’s growth outcomes in a barangay under the National Child Development Center (NCDC) in the locality of Misamis Oriental, using a qualitative case study design. Key participants, including parents or caregivers, a Child Development Worker (CDW), a Barangay Nutrition Scholar (BNS), and a Barangay Health Worker (BHW), were purposively selected to provide comprehensive insights. Data were gathered through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and document analysis conducted within the community. The collected data were transcribed, validated through member checking, and systematically analyzed to generate codes, categories, and seven themes emerged from the data collected. Supplementary Feeding Program (SFP) significantly contributed to improvements in children’s health, behavior, and school participation in terms of (1) Collaborative Engagement, (2) Engagement in Nutrition and Sanitary Practices, (3) Physical Health Enhancement, and (4) School Engagement Improvement reflect the participants’ experiences and interpretations. These were the types of how the Supplementary Feeding Program was structured, the amount of parenting activity, and the influences on the nutritional status and growth in children. It brings attention to how parents, caregivers, and barangay staff were involved and faced challenges to make the program work. In addition, the themes give better insight into how the feeding program benefits children’s development, encourages parental buy-in, and facilitates collaboration in the community. They also indicate pre-existing problems and possible weaknesses in the application of the Supplementary Feeding Program in the barangay. The study highlights parental involvement the importance of strengthening parent’s participation, enhancing continuous nutrition education, and reinforcing support from local government units and partner organizations to ensure sustainable and effective program implementation. These findings may inform interventions, policies, and programs aimed enhancing the nutritional well-being of the children enrolled in the centers.
Azubike Ifeoma Esther, Dikko Mathias Zuma, Wale-Odunaiya Enitan Grace
The study examines the Sustainable Development in Africa: focusing on Africa’s Landscape, Challenges and Opportunities in achieving the SDG 6 in FCT, Nigeria. Specifically, this study explains the challenges of implementing SDG 6 in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), FCT. It looks at the importance of clean water, sanitation and hygiene in Nigeria and the LGA. Using both the quantitative and qualitative method of data collection, it studies the WASH policy and laws in Nigeria. It adopted the development theory and establishes the link between the importance of Goal 6 and sustainable development. The data for this work were gathered from both primary and the secondary sources. Structured interviews were also conducted with experts in this field. The content analysis technique was used to analyze the data gotten from the secondary source while the SPSS statistical tool was used to analyze the primary data. The findings revealed that universal access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene for all has not been fully implemented in in this locality. It also discovers that there is no development plan for the water sector hence the difficulty in implementation. Therefore, the study recommends that the government should review the existing water polices, end open defecation and ensure effective institutions. Also, there should be massive sensitization and advocacy of the residents in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), FCT.
Dowoh Kenneth Kazum
Tax revenue remains an essential source of government funding for sustainable economic growth. However, Nigeria faces significant revenue losses primarily due to widespread informality and low tax compliance. This study examines taxpayer behavior, the influence of the informal sector, and institutional factors that lead to revenue leakages from both institutional and behavioral perspectives. It employs an exploratory research approach grounded in institutional theory and behavioral tax compliance models to analyze taxpayers’ attitudes towards taxation. Findings indicate that low institutional trust, complicated tax systems, perceived corruption, and weak enforcement promote informality and evasion. Behavioral elements such as perceived fairness, social norms, and tax morale also influence individuals' and small businesses' compliance choices. The study suggests that enhancing institutional credibility, streamlining tax processes, and boosting behavioral incentives are vital for reducing revenue loss and broadening Nigeria’s tax base. Policy recommendations emphasize digital tax administration, transparency reforms, and taxpayer education initiatives.
Uchenna Azuka-Obieke Ph.D
The study investigated the influence of teachers’ teaching styles on the academic outcomes of senior secondary school students in Eti-Osa Local Government Area, Lagos State. It focused on three instructional approaches—lecture, discussion, and demonstration—as well as their combined effect on students’ performance in English Language and Mathematics. A total of 150 Senior Secondary Two (SS2) students from selected public schools participated in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and achievement tests, and analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that the lecture method moderately enhanced students’ understanding and syllabus coverage, but limited active participation and critical thinking. The discussion method significantly improved comprehension, confidence, and participation, while the demonstration method enhanced retention and practical application of lessons. Importantly, the combined use of lecture, discussion, and demonstration methods had the strongest positive effect on academic outcomes, highlighting that integrating teacher-centred and learner-centred approaches caters to diverse learning preferences, sustains interest, and improves examination performance. The study concluded that effective teaching is most successful when multiple instructional strategies are employed, rather than relying on a single method. Consequently, it is recommended that teachers adopt a balanced mix of teaching styles, schools provide professional development for instructional strategies, the Lagos State Ministry of Education promotes learner-centred practices, and parents support active student engagement to optimize academic achievement.
Venson B. Sarita
Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) form the backbone of local economies in the Philippines, particularly in rural provinces like Davao Oriental. However, limited evidence exists on how these enterprises integrate technology into their operations. This study explored the current state, challenges, and best practices of technology integration among 16 MSMEs in Davao Oriental using a structured survey. The results revealed that most respondents were micro-enterprises operating in the services and retail sectors, with the majority being less than three years old. Foundational digital tools such as computer systems and point-of-sale (POS) systems were widely used, while advanced technologies like cloud computing and cybersecurity were underutilized. Key challenges identified included high costs, poor internet connectivity, and limited digital literacy. MSMEs favored strategies such as training, outsourcing IT services, and hiring experts over direct government support. The study underscores the need for inclusive, sector-specific, and capacity-building interventions to bridge digital gaps. Policy recommendations include infrastructure investment, training programs, financial incentives, and public-private collaboration. These findings provide a basis for localized digital transformation policies that empower MSMEs to participate more fully in the digital economy.
Anfitri Sihombing, Idrus Jamalulel
The rise of digital technology has transformed remote work for Indonesian employees, offering flexibility and productivity while introducing challenges. This study uses narrative analysis through E-Interviews with 18 remote workers in major cities to explore how technology shapes work dynamics. Key themes include productivity, flexibility, work-life balance, and digital inequalities. While digital tools enhance efficiency, they also blur work-life boundaries and highlight connectivity challenges. The study concludes with recommendations for addressing digital burnout and unequal access, providing insights for companies and policymakers to improve the remote work experience in Indonesia.
Dr. Kruti Vaibhav Dave, Mahesh D
India operates as the second-largest global internet market because it has more than 900 million active internet users, which makes it crucial for studying digital marketing effects on customer behavior and brand loyalty. The digital advertising budget of India reached ₹49,000 crore during FY2025, which represented 44 percent of all advertising costs and made digital advertising the number one advertising channel instead of television for the first time in commercial history. This paper examines the multidimensional impact of digital marketing on consumer behaviour and brand loyalty, combining global theoretical frameworks with India-specific empirical evidence through a descriptive-analytical secondary research methodology. The research study investigates digital marketing effects on consumer behavior through academic research. This includes the Consumer Decision Journey and Stimulus-Organism-Response theory and Oliver’s four-stage loyalty model and Aaker’s brand equity framework, and industry data from Ipsos, IAMAI, Nielsen, Statista, and Meltwater. The research examines how digital marketing influences consumer behavior during the stages of awareness, consideration, purchase, and post-purchase in the consumer journey. The study discovered five main findings which demonstrate that digital marketing has created a complete transformation in how Indian consumers make their purchasing decisions. The digital age requires brands to build loyalty through trust, authentic relationships, and emotional bonds instead of depending on precise audience targeting methods. The digital environment of India needs businesses to create methods which work specifically for Indian markets. Nano and micro-influencers create better customer loyalty than celebrities do. The privacy-loyalty paradox together with the Gen Z loyalty challenge represent the two most important conflicts. These will determine the path of digital marketing in India.
Francess Ighodaro Osahenoma, Phoebe Nwamaka Kanikwu
Menstruation remains a source of fear, embarrassment, and misinformation for many adolescent girls, with poor knowledge and unhygienic practices leading to infections, school absenteeism, and social stigma. This study assessed the effect of health education on menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in Akpekpe Secondary School and Iyekhei Girls Secondary School, Auchi, Edo State. A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design was adopted involving 220 adolescent girls aged 10–19 years who had attained menarche. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. A structured health education intervention focusing on menstrual physiology, hygienic absorbent use, frequency of pad changing, and disposal methods was implemented between the pre- and post-test phases. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with Chi-square test employed at 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that before intervention, only 27.3% had good knowledge while 72.7% demonstrated poor knowledge. Post-intervention, good knowledge increased to 86.4%, and hygienic practices improved from 43.2% to 86.4%. Chi-square analysis (χ² = 118.42, df = 1, p = 0.000 for knowledge; χ² = 67.42, df = 1, p = 0.000 for practice) indicated highly significant effects. Environmental and institutional factors such as inadequate water and disposal facilities were identified as barriers. The study concluded that structured health education significantly improves menstrual hygiene knowledge and practices. It is recommended that menstrual hygiene education be integrated into school health programs, teachers and nurses be trained for continuous guidance, and adequate sanitary facilities be provided in schools.
M. Ramana Raju
Adolescence is the phase of transformation in an individual's life between childhood and adulthood. He would generally be considered careless, reckless, and thoughtless, even regarding his life and career, particularly at this stage. This stage of personality development is the most significant, characterized by intense psychological, emotional, and attitudinal changes that contribute to self-identity. This transformation would, of course, be the result of internal or external forces, albeit inadvertently. Literature is undeniably a “mirror” of society. It has been a powerful representation of both personal and social issues in any and every society. Matthew Arnold, one of the eminent Victorian poets and critics, observes, “Literature is a criticism of life,” in his influential essay "The Study of Poetry" (1880), reflecting the values, conflicts, and realities of society. Literature, as a reflective and interpretative medium, addresses not only the pervasive issues of a society but also the subsequent repercussions. contemplating the ways and means of redress, either directly or indirectly. It plays a vital role in embodying and articulating the complexities of adolescent identity. Literary texts from different genres, i.e., playwriting, fiction, and poetry, emphasize the identity crisis from different perspectives. This study examines the representation of adolescent identity in literature with respect to the selected texts, i.e., DNA by Dennis Kelly and The Wolves by Sarah DeLappe. It employs thematic analysis of the physical, psychological, or societal experience from both plays that shapes the adolescent identity. It explores that literature is a vital source of representing the self-identity of adolescents, addressing the related conflicts every now and then. This study concludes that adolescent identity is not a fixed essence but an embodied process shaped by the interplay of physical experience, psychological struggle, and social forces.
Aisha Abdulwahab Alhakem, Muhamad Fairos B. Mohamad Shah
This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) features in Figma on time efficiency in graphic design project management. As digital transformation accelerates, AI-enabled tools are increasingly used to enhance workflow performance, automate tasks, and improve collaboration in project-based environments. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Resource-Based View (RBV), this study adopts a quantitative approach to investigate the relationship between Figma AI features and time efficiency. Data were collected from 130 respondents using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using statistical techniques, including descriptive analysis, correlation, and regression. The findings reveal a statistically significant positive relationship between Figma AI features and time efficiency, indicating that functionalities such as automation, real-time collaboration, and component reuse contribute to faster task completion, reduced delays, and improved workflow coordination. The results highlight the growing importance of AI-driven tools in enhancing project performance within graphic design environments. The study contributes to existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the role of AI in improving time efficiency and extends theoretical insights related to technology adoption and resource utilization. From a practical perspective, the findings offer valuable implications for designers, project managers, and organizations seeking to optimize workflows through digital tools. However, the study is limited by its cross-sectional design and focus on a single platform, suggesting the need for future research across multiple tools and contexts.
Dixitha A., Dr. G. Deepalakshmi
Artificial Intelligence (Al) is transforming human resource management, particularly within the information technology (IT) sector. This study investigates the factors influencing recruitment efficiency by analyzing the effects of Al adoption and perceived transparency on recruitment outcomes. Using structural equation modeling, we examined data from IT professionals to determine how Al integration and organizational transparency influence satisfaction and, subsequently, recruitment efficiency. Our findings indicate that both Al adoption and transparency have significant positive impacts on satisfaction and recruitment efficiency, with satisfaction acting as a critical bridge. These results provide strategic implications for HR leaders aiming to optimize recruitment processes through technology.
A. A. Nusrath Fathima, P. Sivananthan
This study investigates the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on students’ learning outcomes in a 1AB school in the Piliyandala education zone. The research focuses on understanding how physical fitness influences academic performance, attention, and motivation among students. A mixed-method approach was used, including BMI measurements, questionnaires, and structured interviews. The sample consisted of 145 students and 44 stakeholders including teachers, parents, and health officers. The findings reveal that students with higher BMI levels demonstrate better attention and academic performance, whereas underweight students show reduced concentration and increased fatigue. The study also highlights the positive role of physical activities and school-based programs in improving both health and learning outcomes. Overall, a significant relationship between BMI and academic performance is identified.
Ahmed A. M. AlAfifi
This study aims to investigates the impact of Green Management Accounting Tools (GMA) on Audit Quality of industrial Omani corporation listed in Muscat Stock Exchange. Life Cycle Cost Accounting, Green Target Costing, Environmental Performance Accounting, and Environmental Reporting and Disclosure were used as a proxy for green management accounting. The study employs a panel data set of thirty non-financial listed Omani corporations from 2018 to 2023. The study revealed that a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between green management accounting tools and audit quality, and each tool contributes to varying degrees to improving audit quality, reflecting the growing role of the environmental dimension in supporting the credibility of financial information and enhancing the confidence of financial statement users. The study recommended integrating green management accounting into accounting and auditing policies and developing training programs for accountants and auditors on implementing green accounting in the local business environment. and enhancing regulatory body’s role in monitoring companies' compliance with environmental standards and sustainable reporting. The study contributes to establishing scientific bases for improving the financial and environmental performance of companies, thereby achieving a balance between economic efficiency and environmental responsibility, in accordance with Oman Vision 2040.
Jiemarie D. Paderes, Virginia Lourdes Yacapin
This study examined how social influence and school reputation affect students’ perception of a school’s brand image, with social media influence considered as a moderating variable. The study focused on understanding how peer influence, institutional reputation, and online exposure contribute to students’ evaluation of a school. While social media is now widely used in promoting schools, there is still limited research that looks at how it interacts with social influence and school reputation in shaping brand perception, especially in the local context. A quantitative descriptive–correlational design was used, involving 210 Grade 12 students from selected schools in Bukidnon. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and Canonical Correlation Analysis. The results showed that school reputation significantly predicts perceived brand image, while social influence does not significantly effect. It was also found that social media influence does not significantly moderate the relationship between social influence and perceived brand image, as well as the relationship between school reputation and perceived brand image. Overall, students seem to rely more on the school’s reputation when forming their perception. Future researchers may consider including other factors such as school facilities, tuition costs, and academic programs to better explain students’ choices.
Dr. Chandan Sharma
Indian society has given importance on money and wealth from the ancient time itself. The Vedic literature identifies four main objectives of human life—dharma, artha, kama and moksha. To fulfill the other three objectives, earning of artha was given importance. By the term artha includes wealth, means of livelihood, financial security and economic prosperity. The other scriptures like Upanisads, Bhagavat Geeta, Manu Samhita, Bhagavata, Kautilya’s Arthasastra, Thirukural in Tamil etc. also deals to great extent the monetary aspects. The modern economic theory mainly emphasizes on efficient utilization of resources to maximize individual satisfaction. Money plays an important role in maximizing production, consumption and satisfaction. In the race of product maximization certain problems like income inequality, environmental degradation, health hazard, tragedy of commons etc. emerge. To solve these problems concept of money need to be discussed in the view of ancient Indian texts. The present study tries to analyze the Indian perception of money and wealth available in scriptures of ancient times; also tries to find the differences between ancient and modern concepts of money. After discussion it is found that the ancient Indian scripture discusses about the nature of money, ways of earning money, it’s spending, tips for better management of money so that maximum social welfare could be achieved.
P. Sivananthan, S.H.S. Faalina
This study examines the influence of family factors on secondary school students’ completion of compulsory education in Muslim schools within the Kelaniya Education Zone. Despite the implementation of compulsory education policies in Sri Lanka, student dropout at the secondary level remains a significant concern. The study specifically focuses on how family-related factors such as economic status, parental education, parental motivation, domestic structure, and home environment affect students’ educational continuation. A mixed-method research design was employed, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 56 students and interviews conducted with parents, principals, and community representatives. The findings reveal that family economic hardship is the most significant factor contributing to school dropout, followed by low parental motivation and limited parental education. Additionally, large family size, single-parent conditions, and lack of a supportive home learning environment were identified as major barriers to completing compulsory education. The study concludes that family background plays a critical role in shaping students’ educational outcomes. It recommends increasing financial support for disadvantaged families, enhancing parental awareness of the importance of education, and strengthening school–family–community partnerships to improve student retention.
Celso L. Tagadiad, PhD, Lorie Jean C. Camacho
This study aimed to discover the significance of students' academic goal orientation as a mediating variable in the relationship between language-learning strategies and language-classroom anxiety among learners. The primary variables of the study included Academic Goal Orientation, Language Learning Strategies, and Language Classroom Anxiety. Results indicated that Academic Goal Orientation was described at a high level, while both Language Learning Strategies and Language Anxiety were also described as high. The researchers employed a quantitative, non-experimental research design to examine the relationships among the variables systematically. The respondents of the study were the grade 12 senior high school students from selected schools in Panabo City. Data were gathered using standardized survey instruments and were analyzed to determine both direct and indirect effects among variables. Statistical tools used in the analysis included the weighted mean, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis, and the MedGraph technique, incorporating the Sobel z-test. Findings revealed that significant relationships existed among academic goal orientation, language learning strategies, and language classroom anxiety. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed that students' academic goal orientation fully mediated the relationship between language learning strategies and language classroom anxiety. This implies that students' goal orientation plays a crucial role in explaining how language-learning strategies influence anxiety levels in the language classroom. Overall, the results highlight the importance of fostering positive academic goal orientation to enhance effective language learning and reduce anxiety. These findings have valuable implications for teachers, curriculum planners, and future language research.
Almayra T. Ali
This study investigated the direct and indirect effects of classroom anxiety and growth mindset on student performance, with social connectedness and ego resilience as mediating variables, using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. A total of 200 Junior High School learners from a public school participated by completing validated scales measuring classroom anxiety, growth mindset, social connectedness, and ego resilience. Academic performance was assessed using students’ general average grades. The model demonstrated excellent fit indices, validating the hypothesized relationships. Findings revealed that classroom anxiety negatively affected student performance both directly and indirectly through social connectedness. Growth mindset had a direct positive effect on performance and ego resilience, but not on social connectedness. Moreover, while ego resilience showed a significant direct effect on performance, it did not mediate the relationship between growth mindset and academic outcomes. Social connectedness emerged as a key mediator, significantly linking both classroom anxiety and growth mindset to student performance. These results highlight the importance of addressing emotional and social factors in educational settings. Reducing classroom anxiety, fostering supportive peer relationships, and cultivating a growth mindset are essential strategies for improving academic achievement. The study underscores the value of holistic approaches to student development, integrating cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions of learning.
Dr E Elamathiyan, Dr. M Muthu Deepa, Dr. S Deepalakshmi
Literature is a world where readers can receive different kinds of experiences and perspectives and it always connects the nature with all living beings. Without the songs of nature, literature cannot exist. A vital tool which cannot be separated from the life of human beings is literature. Mamang Dai, a celebrated poet, novelist and journalist from Arunachala Pradesh portrays her views as “Is the Earth growing old” in her poem Hello Mountain. Her birth in Adi Community supplies the ideas for her writings. Her writings are rich in depicting the ecological consciousness and advocating the readers in preserving the nature. She always finds a way to create awareness among the readers through her pen. Mamang Dai could not digest the exploitation of world in the name of civilization and modernization. She has a special vision in viewing the interconnectedness of humans with nature. Her writings has a deep belief that everything has a life. This paper is an attempt to bring out the ecological consciousness which is abundant in the works of Mamang Dai The Legends of Pensam and Escaping the Land
Aranillo, Angela G., Buenviaje, Justine Beamae D., Cammayo, Mikka Ella C., Lope, Daniel B.,, Mirasol, Russel R., Ms. Leah E. Perez
This research paper explores the potential of used coffee grounds in enhancing the repellent efficacy of lanzones (Lansium domesticum) peel in the formulation of eco-friendly mosquito coils. To addresses the increasing demand for sustainable control methods amidst the rising dengue cases, this study utilized an experimental design wherein the mosquito coil was formulated using 75% coffee grounds and 25% lanzones peel, and was subjected to standard phytochemical analysis at the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) to determine the presence of bioactive compounds that are known for mosquito-repelling properties. Results showed positive detection for all seven bioactive compounds: sterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, confirming that the integration of coffee grounds significantly enhanced the chemical composition of the lanzones-based coil thereby suggesting that spent coffee grounds can enhance the repellent properties of Lanzones peel, making the resulting coil an effective alternative mosquito repellent. The study thus confirms the rejection of the null hypothesis and demonstrates the potential of organic waste materials, like lanzones peel, in developing sustainable mosquito control solutions. To advance the study and foster further innovation, future researchers may focus on the appropriate drying and pulverizing of the lanzones peel and used coffee grounds, investigate the use of other binding agents for better stabilization, optimize the use of appropriate molders, conduct assessments that compare the enhanced coils with commercial products, and perform field trials for practical applicability evaluation.
Abrar Muslim, Ammar Munira, Aula Chairunnisak, Indira Syam Hartono
Indonesia possesses abundant coal reserves that can be utilized as an alternative feedstock for ethylene glycol (EG) production. This study presents the preliminary design of an EG plant based on a coal gasification route, offering an alternative to the conventional ethylene oxide hydration process. In this process, coal is converted into synthesis gas (syngas) via gasification, followed by syngas conditioning and catalytic conversion into ethylene glycol. The proposed plant has a production capacity of 50,000 tons per year and operates for 330 days annually, 24 hours per day.The plant is planned to be located in Separi Village, Tenggarong Seberang District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, covering an area of 16,000 m². The organizational structure adopts a line-and-staff system with a total workforce of 149 employees. Water for the process is supplied from the Mahakam River, while electricity is provided by the State Electricity Company (PLN) and supported by an on-site generator with a capacity of 10,420 kW. Economic evaluation indicates that the project is financially feasible, with a pay-out time (POT) of 3.57 years, a break-even point (BEP) of 25.71%, and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 24.01%.
Martin Adavize Bello
The proliferation of smartphones has significantly transformed communication, social interaction, and access to information, particularly among young adults. While these technologies offer numerous benefits, concerns regarding excessive and problematic smartphone use have emerged, especially in relation to psycho – Spiritual wellbeing. This study, investigates the level of smartphone use among young Catholic faithful and explores appropriate psycho-spiritual strategies to address its negative implications. The study adopts a descriptive research design with a quantitative approach. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire administered to 71 young Catholic participants across selected parishes in Kogi State. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of SPSS (version 23). Findings suggest that excessive smartphone engagement and potential psychological strain. However, the study also acknowledges the positive potential of smartphones as tools for evangelization and spiritual growth when used appropriately. The study contributes to the limited empirical literature on the intersection of technology, psychology, spirituality and culture within African Catholic contexts.
Adedayo, R. Olumuyiwa, Ajibare, Abike Yemisi, Arogundade, Damilola Adetutu, Joshua, Grace, Ogunjobi, Olanrewaju Pius, Olalekan Oluwaseun Matina
Crop production is crucial to humanity as it provides food security which is the most fundamental for energy, growth, and health thereby preventing malnutrition, providing the essential raw materials for industries, generating employment of various kinds to supporting vast populations particularly in rural areas thus reducing poverty and hunger, driving economic growth and development by creating jobs, generating income and supporting related sectors while also playing a vital role in environmental sustainability. Sustainable farming practices protect soil, conserve water, enhance biodiversity, mitigate climate change and community well-being through resource management and rural development. In essence, agriculture underpins human survival, societal development, and economic stability, making it indispensable for global well-being. Therefore, it will be of great importance to include digital farming tools that use a data-driven approach to increase productivity, efficiency and sustainability in agriculture which is crucial for meeting the food demands of a growing population while minimizing environmental impact among small-scale farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. This paper looks at the meaning of digital farming and its relevance in crop production, examples of digital farming tools, how small-scale farmers can be benefited using digital farm tools. It was suggested among others that small-scale farmers should be encouraged to start with clear goals and pilot farm before embarking on the use of digital farming tools, government should prioritize training and support for small- scale farmers through agricultural extension services or farmer networks because digital literacy can be a major barrier to its adoption, ensure reliable technical supports, establishment of farmer groups or digital platforms like WhatsApp groups or online forums to share experiences, learn best practices, and access timely information on weather, markets and agronomy.
Bassam Ahmed Mohammed
Teaching and learning have become digitalized through the fast adoption of digital technologies in modern education. Digital illustration is one of these innovations that can be seen as an effective pedagogical approach that enhances creativity, critical thinking, and visual literacy. This paper explores how digital illustration can be used to foster cognitive skills and involvement of learners in the art education. Basing its argument on the visual culture and educational theory, the research underscores the new possibilities that digital platforms offer students to experiment, express, and communicate in a manner that is consistent with the cultural and technological realities. The mixed-methods methodology was used, which incorporated quantitative surveys and qualitative classroom observations and analysis of artwork. The sample consisted of students of secondary school and university art which allowed comparing the perspectives of various levels of study. The data was collected in three areas, including (1) creativity and originality of student work, (2) critical thinking expressed by reflective discussions and problem solving assignments, and (3) engagement and motivation during the process of illustration. The results show that digital illustration positively contributes to the level of creative confidence among students and results in a higher number of original and conceptually intense artworks. It also builds a robust critical thinking by prompting visual interpretation, sound judgment, and associations to the broader cultural and social settings. Additionally, the incorporation of digital technologies enhances art education to be more interactive, collaborative, and in line with the operations of creative industries nowadays. Keywords: Digital illustration; Art education; Visual literacy; Creativity; Critical thinking.
Bassam Ahmed Mohammed
Teaching and learning have become digitalized through the fast adoption of digital technologies in modern education. Digital illustration is one of these innovations that can be seen as an effective pedagogical approach that enhances creativity, critical thinking, and visual literacy. This paper explores how digital illustration can be used to foster cognitive skills and involvement of learners in the art education. Basing its argument on the visual culture and educational theory, the research underscores the new possibilities that digital platforms offer students to experiment, express, and communicate in a manner that is consistent with the cultural and technological realities. The mixed-methods methodology was used, which incorporated quantitative surveys and qualitative classroom observations and analysis of artwork. The sample consisted of students of secondary school and university art which allowed comparing the perspectives of various levels of study. The data was collected in three areas, including (1) creativity and originality of student work, (2) critical thinking expressed by reflective discussions and problem solving assignments, and (3) engagement and motivation during the process of illustration. The results show that digital illustration positively contributes to the level of creative confidence among students and results in a higher number of original and conceptually intense artworks. It also builds a robust critical thinking by prompting visual interpretation, sound judgment, and associations to the broader cultural and social settings. Additionally, the incorporation of digital technologies enhances art education to be more interactive, collaborative, and in line with the operations of creative industries nowadays.
Fr. Emmanuel Jongwe
Marriage is one of the most complex institutions in human society. The Church recognises marriage as a sacrament, a sacred covenant instituted by God. It was elevated by Christ to a sign of His own union with the Church and governed by divine and Church Law. Civilly, marriage is recognised as a legal contract between two persons, governed by the state and dissoluble according to its terms. This distinction brings some pastoral challenges. These challenges include less value being given to the sacramental marriage because couples believe they have “security” with the civil marriage. In civil circles a marriage can be dissolved by the court; the court cannot force people to remain in their marriage if they do not see it workable. The civil law does not wrong anyone by doing so. It operates in its proper sphere, as Canon 1059 rightly acknowledges. The pastoral problem arises, however, when Catholics internalise the civil law’s contractual understanding of marriage as the whole story. As Nzekwe and Iroegbu (2010) rightly observe, the African understanding of marriage has always carried something of the covenantal character that the Church affirms, a bond between families, communities and the living and the dead. Canon 1055 captures the Church’s vision with precision: marriage is a covenant by which a man and a woman establish between themselves a partnership of the whole of life, ordered to the good of the spouses and the procreation and education of children and raised by Christ to the dignity of a sacrament between the baptised. The Second Vatican Council, in Gaudium et Spes (1965, n.48), deepens this understanding by describing the marital covenant as a “community of life and love” willed by God himself, sealed by a mutual and irrevocable gift of self. Pope John Paul II, in Familiaris Consortio (1981, n.11), further affirms that Christian spouses are not only a sign but a participation in the covenant love of Christ for his Church. It is this covenantal depth that the contractual framework of civil law cannot contain, and it is the pastoral task of the Church to help the faithful understand the difference.
B. N. Kapur, Brahamjit Singh, Dharmesh, Hemant Kumar Jaiswal, Sharmistha Roy, Vikas Verma
Breast cancer in women under 40 years of age represents a growing global oncological burden characterized by disproportionately advanced stage at diagnosis and inferior survival outcomes. Population-based data consistently demonstrate that 55–75% of young women worldwide present with stage III or IV disease, irrespective of geographic or economic setting. This pattern reflects a systemic failure of current screening paradigms, which are predominantly mammography-based and explicitly exclude average-risk women below 40 years of age. Breast self-examination has failed to demonstrate mortality benefit or meaningful stage migration, leaving a prolonged interval of unmonitored risk during young adulthood. This article synthesizes global data on stage at diagnosis in young breast cancer, examines biological and health-system determinants of late presentation, and evaluates the Brahams Protocol (BP) as a structured pre-clinical detection framework designed to operate prior to symptom onset and formal clinical staging. Persistent dominance of advanced-stage disease in young women is shown to be structurally determined rather than biologically inevitable, underscoring the need for paradigm-level innovation in early detection.
Asti Bhawika Adwitiya, Khoiriyah, Sri Kantina
This study aims to develop and utilize digital flipbook media to improve the receptive language skills of early childhood education students at Aisyiyah Early Childhood Education Centers throughout Jember Regency. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The research subjects consisted of 62 early childhood education teachers and 5 children as a small-scale trial. Data collection techniques included questionnaires, observations, and tests with quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the needs analysis showed that 85.5% of Aisyiyah PAUD teachers had never used digital flipbooks in learning, while 50% of teachers only occasionally used Android devices based on digital media, and 43.5% of teachers often used video media downloaded from YouTube. The validation results show that the digital flipbook media was deemed highly valid by subject matter and media experts with an average score of 90%, practical for use by teachers with a practicality rating of 88%, and effective in improving children's receptive language skills with a 32% increase in pretest-posttest scores. The digital flipbook media was developed using Canva Pro with audiovisual features, animations, and attractive illustrations in accordance with the characteristics of early childhood. These findings confirm that the use of digital flipbooks can increase children's participation, motivation, and understanding of instructions, as well as serve as an alternative innovative digital-based learning media at the early childhood education level.
Amrutham Shruthy S.S, Sharmila S
Mental health is a crucial aspect of human well-being and is significantly influenced by the quality of interpersonal relationships. While positive relationships contribute to emotional stability and psychological growth, negative and unhealthy relationships can have serious consequences on mental health. One such negative influence arises from interactions with toxic people, whose persistent behaviors create emotional distress, psychological strain, and long-term mental health challenges. Toxic people are characterized by patterns of manipulation, constant criticism, lack of empathy, emotional invalidation, and controlling behavior, which collectively undermine the emotional well-being of those around them. The present paper aims to examine the concept of toxic people and analyze their impact on mental health conditions. It explores how prolonged exposure to toxic individuals in various social contexts, including family, academic, workplace, and personal relationships, contributes to psychological distress. The paper highlights the mechanisms through which toxic behavior affects mental health, such as chronic stress, emotional exhaustion, and the internalization of negative self-beliefs. These psychological processes often lead to mental health conditions including anxiety disorders, depression, low self-esteem, stress-related disorders, emotional burnout, and trauma-related symptoms. This study adopts a qualitative and conceptual review approach by synthesizing existing psychological and mental health literature related to toxic relationships and emotional well-being. Through this analysis, the paper emphasizes that toxic relationships are not isolated incidents but ongoing patterns that can deeply influence an individual’s emotional regulation, self-perception, and social functioning. The findings suggest that individuals who are empathetic, emotionally sensitive, or socially dependent may be more vulnerable to the harmful effects of toxic interactions. Furthermore, the paper discusses the importance of mental health awareness, early identification of toxic behavior, and the adoption of effective coping strategies such as boundary setting, emotional self-care, and seeking social or professional support. By increasing awareness of the psychological impact of toxic people, this paper aims to encourage healthier interpersonal relationships and promote mental well-being. The study concludes that recognizing and addressing toxic behavior is essential for preventing mental health deterioration and fostering supportive social environments.
Ch Anil Kumar
In the rapidly evolving world, inventory control and product traceability play a vital role in ensuring the smooth functioning of the supply chain. In this paper, we propose a realtime data analytics-based Traceability and Inventory Management System. It uses IoT devices, RFID and barcode scanning, and cloud computing to put in place a continuous inventory management system which operates at various points along the supply chain. It increases transparency, eliminates human error and supports decision-making via predictive analytics. It avoids overstocking and stock-outs through real-time notifications and alerts. Moreover, the traceability aspect allows full product traceability from source to customer, aiding compliance and quality assurance.
Camiso, Cyrel D., Capin, Jinky M., Manuel, Pearl Jam C., Mara-asin, Janrey B., Paculanang, John Loyd L., Sibugan, Junmark Q.
This single case study investigates the motivations, experiences, and challenges faced by gay men students at Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences, and Technology (MONCAST) who use hormonal pills for gender expression and identity affirmation. Through in-depth interviews with five participants, the study explores their reasons for hormonal intake, along with the physical and emotional effects they experience. Motivations include the influence of social media, peer support, bullying, discrimination, and a strong desire to achieve femininity and self-confidence. Participants reported noticeable physical changes such as softer skin and breast development, as well as emotional shifts like increased sensitivity and mood swings. Despite financial struggles, lack of medical supervision, and societal stigma, hormonal pills were viewed as empowering tools to align their appearance with their gender identity. The study emphasizes the importance of inclusive healthcare, educational support, and awareness programs, and is grounded in Social Constructionism, Self-Discrepancy Theory, and Gender Affirmation Theory to advocate for safe, inclusive environments for LGBTQ+ youth.
Dr. Andrew Kipkosgei, Dr. Peter Cheruiyot, Raymond Cheruiyot
For many years, the cost of borrowing and lending money in Kenya was left to the forces of supply and demand. The coming into force of the Banking (Amendment) Act, 2016 marked the end of operation of these forces. This caused ripples within the banking sector with bankers arguing that it as a wrong move, leading to its subsequent lifting in late 2019. This study, therefore, sought to determine the trend impact analysis of Interest rate cap on profitability of commercial banks in Kenya. This study adopted a longitudinal research design where secondary data was collected with the help of a data extraction form from all the 42 commercial banks licensed and operating in Kenya for the years 2014-2021. The researcher used Microsoft-excel 2021 and STATA to process the data collected. Data was analyzed using trend impact analysis regression analysis and results presented using tables and figures. The findings revealed that profitability overall mean for all the banks for all the years combined were 0.43 with a standard deviation of 0.25. The beta coefficients for profitability, was found to be 0.678 and the p-values of the t-statistics for the coefficients estimated was found to be 0.000,. The study concludes that profitability was impacted by interest rate cap and that the overall impact was a negative trend on interest rate cap of commercial banks in Kenya. The study recommends that; there is need for central banks to review their policy so that commercial banks can enjoy free market and hence make profit.
Ndille Ndille Njume
The Constitutional Council of Cameroon, established in 2018, is the highest body that hears electoral petitions arising from presidential, legislative, and senatorial elections. These petitions are formal complaints lodged by candidates and political parties to challenge fraud, irregularities, violations of the electoral code, and candidate ineligibility. This study examines the trend of the Constitutional Council's rulings on electoral petitions from 2018 to 2023, covering the 2018 presidential and senatorial elections, the 2020 legislative elections, and the 2023 senatorial elections. The research is based on an analysis of official data drawn from the Constitutional Council's annual reports and compendiums of rulings, reviewing petitions filed during both pre-electoral and post-electoral phases. Over the five-year period, the Council received 155 petitions and delivered 107 rulings, of which only 19 were favourable to petitioners, 87 were unfavourable, and one was withdrawn. The 2018 electoral year recorded 41 disputes, the 2020 legislative elections saw 96 petitions, and the 2023 senatorial elections had 18 petitions. Most petitions challenged candidate eligibility or sought the cancellation of election results. The main reasons for unfavourable rulings were that petitions were unfounded (42.5%), lacked legal standing (18.5%), were time barred (15%), lacked grounds for appeal (11.5%), or fell outside the Council's jurisdiction (7%). Notably, the 2020 pre-electoral phase saw a higher rate of favourable rulings, mostly benefiting the Social Democratic Front, while the 2023 petitions were entirely unsuccessful. The findings indicate that electoral petitions have been largely unsuccessful, with most petitioners failing to secure favourable outcomes. This trend has generated public scepticism about the fairness and transparency of the adjudication process and raises important questions about whether petitioners face technical and procedural barriers that limit their ability to present effective cases before the Constitutional Council.
Adah Patrick Eneojo, Adah William Arome, Dr Emmanuel Bola Jonah K, Ishola Abdulrasaq Babatunde, Moses Luke, Olorunmaiye Theophilus, Orogbemi Idowu Temitope
Uptake of the Basic Minimum Package of Health Services (BMPHS) in Kogi State has been limited by supply‑side constraints, demand‑side barriers, and place‑based vulnerabilities concentrated in riverine and rural LGAs. The IMPACT rollout (2022–2025) combined Decentralized Facility Financing (DFF) with bundled Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) supports to strengthen facility responsiveness, stabilize commodities, and expand outreach. We used a quasi‑experimental, mixed‑methods design on a facility‑month DHIS2 panel (2019–2025; n = 96 PHCs). Quantitative inference triangulated three counterfactual generators: augmented two‑way fixed‑effects Difference‑in‑Differences (DiD) for average effects, Interrupted Time Series (ITS) segmented regression to decompose immediate (level) and sustained (slope) impacts, and facility‑level counterfactuals via synthetic control and matrix completion for robustness. Multilevel mixed‑effects models estimated heterogeneity; causal mediation (bootstrap, 5,000 sims) quantified pathways (cold‑chain uptime, outreach frequency, commodity availability). Qualitative interviews and supervision records explained fidelity and contextual moderators. Costing used activity‑based methods with probabilistic sensitivity analysis. DFF plus CQI produced both rapid operational gains and durable system strengthening. Primary policy‑relevant estimates: DiD DPT3 +6.2 percentage points, ITS immediate level change α₂ = +3.7pp, and ITS slope α₃ = +0.12 pp/month. Mediation attributed ~41% of the DPT3 gain to improved cold‑chain uptime; outreach and commodity availability explained large shares of ANC1 and IPTp3 gains. Results are robust across lagged‑outcome DiD, matrix completion, generalized synthetic control, event‑study checks, and autocorrelation corrections. Cost‑effectiveness benchmarks show program‑level ICERs consistent with high probability of value for money for composite BMPHS gains. To maximize equitable BMPHS gains, prioritize cold‑chain resilience, predictable and timely disbursements, and earmarked outreach financing for high‑environmental‑risk LGAs. Embed both the ITS level (α₂) and slope (α₃) as complementary KPIs in routine dashboards: α₂ signals rapid operational fixes; α₃ signals durable system strengthening. Scale‑up should pair DFF with CQI, protected commodity lines, and context‑sensitive outreach modalities to sustain and equitably distribute gains.
Krina Gondaliya, Tasneem Kagzi
The Identification of changes within two different images from satellites or other sources of remote sensing is a basic issue in earth observation that seeks to recognize any semantically significant distinctions between two images. Methods using supervised learning approaches provide good performance on RSCD tasks, however, they suffer from generalization issues. In this paper, we present UniRSCD, a unified architectural paradigm for semantic change detection that integrates class-prior color statistics, dual-branch feature fusion, and lightweight decoder design into a single end-to-end trainable framework. UniRSCD leverages an encoder network that is built on ResNet34 and executes simultaneously over the image pairs while using a special color signal stream to combine several difference features at different scales, along with an attention mechanism based on RGB statistics prototypes. Our extensive evaluations on the benchmark dataset SECOND show that the average class IoU of our approach reaches 38.7% and its F1 score is 53.5%, outperforming the previous SOTA open-vocabulary change detection method OmniOVCD by +11.6 IoU and +11.7 F1. In particular, the IoU scores of buildings and playgrounds are 61.3% (+16.1) and 64.4% (+37.4) compared to OmniOVCD, respectively, showing the effectiveness of prior-aware class disambiguation in spectral land-cover categories.
Mia Joy Inocencio
Plastic pollution remains a growing global concern, requiring efficient and sustainable solutions. Enzymes such as PETase and MHETase from Ideonella sakaiensis offer natural mechanisms for plastic degradation but need further enhancement for large-scale applications. This study aimed to improve the structural stability and substrate-binding performance of PETase and MHETase by engineering their homologous variants through in silico methods. Homologous proteins were identified via multiple sequence alignment, and functionally relevant residues near the active site were selected for site-saturation mutagenesis. The resulting variants were evaluated through molecular docking to assess binding energy and interaction profiles, while molecular dynamics (MD) simulations examined their behavior over time using RMSD, and RMSF. Among the MHETase variants, GLY103ALA (–9.5 ± 0.2 kcal/mol), PRO44PHE (–8.4 ± 0.1 kcal/mol), and GLY165HIS (–8.2 ± 0.1 kcal/mol) showed significantly enhanced ligand-binding affinity compared to wild type (–6.3 ± 0.1 kcal/mol). These variants also showed improved dynamic stability, as indicated by reduced ligand RMSD values (GLY103ALA: 0.22 ± 0.01 nm; PRO44PHE: 0.24 ± 0.01 nm; GLY165HIS: 0.25 ± 0.01 nm) compared to the wild type (0.36 ± 0.02 nm), along with stable backbone RMSF values (~0.10 ± 0.01 nm) relative to the wild type (0.18 ± 0.02 nm). For PETase, the GLY35GLN variant demonstrated the most favorable performance, with a lower binding energy (–6.0 ± 0.1 kcal/mol) compared to the wild type (–5.2 ± 0.1 kcal/mol). It also exhibited the lowest ligand RMSD (0.28 ± 0.02 nm) compared to wild type (0.41 ± 0.03 nm), and showed reduced structural fluctuation in RMSF (0.20 ± 0.01 nm) relative to wild type (0.26 ± 0.02 nm), indicating enhanced dynamic stability. These results suggest that even minor mutations can significantly improve enzymatic efficiency in microplastic (MP) degradation. Overall, the results show that in silico mutagenesis and simulation can help find enzyme variants with better binding and stability, making them good candidates for future lab testing and possible use in breaking down microplastic waste.
Alex Mugala, Harrison Daka, Margaret Mwale-Mkandawire
This study explored the modalities employed by the Higher Education Loans and Scholarships Board (HELSB) to recover student loans in Zambia guided by the Human Capital Theory. A case study research design was adopted, with respondents selected through expert purposive sampling. The study involved one Ministry of Education official and seven HELSB staff members. Data were collected using interview guides designed to capture both qualitative and quantitative information, with qualitative data analyzed thematically. Findings revealed that HELSB recovers loans primarily by retrieving beneficiary records from NAPSA and ZRA databases and by leveraging payroll systems, including the Public Service Management Division (PSMD) and individual or private employers. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made: HELSB needs to insure the loans because loan insurance considerably reduces the educational debt's financial risk. In order to guarantee that these requirements are laid out explicitly in the agreement deed, HELSB must make sure that borrowers are well-informed about their obligations to repay their loans at the time of application. To aid in the tracing down of beneficiaries whose loans have matured, HELSB needs to establish closer relationships with higher educational institutions, student organisations/unions, and alumni networks. They should also work more closely with employing agencies and employers to ensure timely repayment and recovery of loans. In an effort to increase the employers' compliance levels, HELSB management ought to devote additional resources to leading compliance visits.
Dr. Diksha Kapur, Dr. Kamalpreet Kaur Sohi, Ms. Mandeep Kaur
This study investigates the socio-emotional determinants of transphobia among young adults aged 18 to 22, focusing on the roles of peer influence and alexithymia. Despite increasing visibility and legal recognition of transgender individuals, transphobia remains pervasive, particularly within cultures governed by rigid binary gender norms. Drawing from cognitive, discursive, and socio-cultural frameworks, this research explores how emotional regulation deficits and social conformity mechanisms contribute to discriminatory attitudes. A sample of 101 university students participated in the study using standardized tools: the Genderism and Transphobia Scale (Hill & Willoughby, 2005), the Peer Pressure Questionnaire–Revised (Saini & Singh, 2010), and the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (Preece et al., 2018). Correlational and regression analyses revealed that peer influence significantly correlates with and predicts transphobic attitudes, while alexithymia, though positively associated, did not emerge as a statistically significant predictor. The combined model explained 7.1% of the variance in transphobia. These findings underscore the critical role of social environments in shaping prejudice and highlight the need for educational interventions that address peer group norms and promote emotional literacy. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how socio-emotional mechanisms interact to perpetuate stigma against gender-diverse populations and calls for further interdisciplinary research to inform inclusive policies and psychosocial interventions.
P. Sivananthan, R. Rajadharshini
In Sri Lanka, Science is an essential subject within the school curriculum. It plays a significant role in preparing students for the world of work and in developing their foundational technological knowledge. Therefore, Science should be taught effectively. For this purpose, various modern technological devices are used in teaching and learning. This study was conducted with the primary objective of identifying the level of use of modern technological devices in the teaching and learning of Science. Specifically, it aimed to examine the availability and usage level of such devices, the contributions of teachers in effectively utilizing modern technological tools in Science instruction, and the relationship between the use of these devices and students’ achievement in Science. This study employed a cross-sectional survey design. 18 Tamil-medium secondary schools in Division 02 of the Nuwara Eliya Educational Zone, Sri Lanka were selected. Using purposive sampling, 24 science teachers and 18 principals were selected. 69 students from grades 10 and 11 were selected through stratified random sampling. Data collected through structured questionnaires, interviews and document analysis were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and Pearson’s correlation coefficient and content analysis. The results of the study revealed that modern technological devices in schools are not at a satisfactory level for effective use. Furthermore, the average level of use of such devices in science teaching in the second semester of 2025 was very low (31%). Although teachers were found to have a relatively high level of use of technological devices as aids during lesson planning (average 3.5–4.4), their contributions to using these devices to effectively achieve lesson objectives, improve students’ understanding of scientific concepts, encourage active participation, make learning more engaging, and promote self-learning were at a low level (average 2.5–3.4). In addition, the correlation coefficient (r = 0.594) indicates that there is a moderate positive correlation between the level of use of modern technological devices and students’ achievement in science subjects. Based on these results, it is recommended that school administration should recognize the importance of modern technological devices in teaching and learning, ensure their availability, and implement appropriate strategic planning to effectively integrate these tools into the teaching-learning process.
Charan Rao Pawar R., Muthamma B. U.
The rapid growth of financial technology (FinTech) has significantly transformed the way individuals manage their investments and financial planning. This study examines user perceptions and adoption of FinTech wealth management platforms among individuals in Bengaluru, with a focus on awareness, usage behaviour, and key influencing factors. The research adopts a quantitative and descriptive approach using structured questionnaires to analyze user interactions with digital financial services. The findings indicate that FinTech adoption is primarily driven by younger, tech-savvy individuals, reflecting a growing preference for digital financial solutions. While awareness and usage of platforms such as Upstox, Paytm Money, Zerodha, and Groww are relatively high, user perceptions regarding trust, security, and ease of use remain moderate. Convenience and low cost emerge as the key drivers of adoption, whereas factors such as lack of knowledge, complex interfaces, and security concerns act as significant barriers. The study concludes that enhancing financial literacy, improving platform usability, and strengthening security measures are essential to promote greater confidence and long-term adoption of FinTech wealth management platforms.
Chibueze Juliet Chimakasiemobi, Ozoemena Chibueze Romanus
The study was carried out on the use of bamboo culm and earth materials in building construction in provision of affordable housing for domestic buildings at Mburumbu, Nkanu East Local Government Area, Enugu State. The purpose of the study was to determine the status of the use of bamboo culm and earth materials in construction at Mburumbu, Nkanu East; identifying the factors limiting the use of bamboo culm and earth materials in construction at Mburumbu, and examine the strategies that will improve the use of bamboo culm and earth materials in construction at Mburumbu, Enugu State. Three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A population of 80 respondents, comprising of 20 engineers and 60 craftsmen was used for the study. A structured questionnaire was developed by the researcher and was used as an instrument for data collection. The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation, while t-test statistic was used to test the three hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that there are limitations in the use of bamboo culm for building construction at Mburumbu in Nkanu East L.G.A, Enugu State. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the use of bamboo and earth materials in building construction should be introduced as part of the curriculum for construction education at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels in order to sensitize the students of their potential uses and benefits. The government should also formulate a policy for adapting bamboo and earth materials that require minimal amounts of capital, foreign exchange, make use of available raw materials and skills in small-scale operations. Viable suggestions were also made for further research works.
Christian D. Naquila, Dr. Reagan B. Ricafort
This study addresses the inefficiencies of the manual faculty promotion evaluation process at Mindanao State University–Maigo College of Education, Science and Technology (MSU-MCEST), which follows the 2005 Revised Integrated Scheme for Ranking and Promotion (ISRP). The traditional paper-based approach is time-consuming, prone to human error, and requires extensive administrative effort. To address these challenges, the study developed an automated decision-support system using a Vector Database–Backed Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework. The system integrates Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and semantic vector embeddings to transform unstructured 201 files into structured evaluation reports. A service-oriented architecture was implemented using XAMPP for the web interface and Python FastAPI for machine learning services, with ChromaDB enabling efficient similarity search and retrieval. Evaluation using 100 faculty records (700 document pages) achieved a classification accuracy of 97.14% (F1 = 0.966) and reduced processing time from three days to four hours. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between automated and manual scoring (p > 0.05). ISO 25010 evaluation results indicated high system acceptability (Mean = 3.653). The findings demonstrate that the proposed system improves efficiency, accuracy, and transparency in faculty promotion pre-evaluation while maintaining compliance with institutional policies.
Hemant Kumar Thakur, Jay Kishore Mhatre, Om Hitendra Pandya, Pravin Shankar Pawar, Ulkesh Ulhas Shama, Yash Suresh Shet
Efficient design and management of water distribution networks are essential for ensuring reliable and sustainable water supply in rural areas. This study presents the hydraulic modeling and analysis of a water distribution system for Mhasoli village in Maharashtra, using WaterGEMS simulation software. Population forecasting was performed using arithmetic increase, geometric increase, and incremental increase methods to estimate the future demand for a selected design period. Based on the projected population of 2431 persons, the total daily water demand was calculated as 328,185 liters per day considering the standard per capita water requirement. A hydraulic network model was developed using field survey data, including pipeline layout, junction elevations, and nodal demand. The model was simulated to evaluate important hydraulic parameters such as pipe diameter, flow velocity, hydraulic gradient, and pressure distribution throughout the network. The results show that pipe velocities vary between 0.02 m/s and 1.69 m/s, which are within acceptable design limits for water distribution systems. The analysis also confirms that adequate pressure is maintained at all junction nodes. The study demonstrates that WaterGEMS provides an effective tool for hydraulic analysis, design optimization, and performance evaluation of rural water distribution networks, supporting efficient planning and sustainable water supply management.
Cao Ngọc Ánh, Đặng Thị Ngọc Ngà, Nguyễn Thị Hạnh, Nguyễn Thị Vân Anh, PhD, Tạ Mỹ Anh
This study aims to elucidate the mechanism through which work motivation is transformed into organizational commitment among Generation Z (Gen Z) employees, focusing on the mediating role of career development opportunities. Drawing upon Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the research argues that work motivation effectively fosters commitment only when "institutionalized" through tangible professional growth opportunities within the organization. Survey data collected from 408 Gen Z employees in Hanoi were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that work motivation has a positive impact on career development opportunities (β = 0,478; p < 0,001), which in turn significantly influences organizational commitment (β = 0,537; p < 0,001). Conversely, the direct effect of work motivation on organizational commitment was found to be weak and limited (β = 0,093; p < 0,05), highlighting the substantial mediating role of career development opportunities. This study contributes to the literature by extending the application of SDT within the context of the young workforce and emphasizing the pivotal role of the organizational environment in converting individual motivation into sustainable commitment. Practically, the results suggest that firms should prioritize establishing clear and transparent career development systems to enhance the retention of Gen Z employees.
Dr. William, Virender Kumar Saini
Health insurance has become a vital component of India’s financial and social protection framework, especially in the context of rising medical costs and increasing disease burden. National health insurance companies, particularly public sector insurers, play a critical role in implementing government schemes and expanding healthcare coverage to underserved populations. This research paper examines the operational functioning and major challenges faced by national health insurance companies in India using recent data from the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India for the financial year 2024–25. The study highlights that while these insurers have expanded coverage and improved claim settlement mechanisms, issues such as rising claims, fraud, operational inefficiencies, and increasing customer grievances continue to affect their performance and sustainability.
Dr. Wing Cheung TANG, Ir Dr Assoc Professor Samuel Kwok Piu LIP
In the infrastructure of Hong Kong’s Drainage Services Department (DSD), subterranean manholes provide many occupational hazards, such as toxic and flammable hydrogen sulphide (H₂S), oxygen-deficient environments, explosion risks, trench collapses, and illegal access. The Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Confined Spaces) Regulation mandates training, the designation of “Competent Persons”, and permit-to-work systems; however, the manuscript contends that safety protocols may be qualitative rather than quantifiable, which restricts enforceability and renders decision-making reliant on judgement rather than established thresholds. This essential descriptive audit consolidates observational photographic data and procedural documentation within an international confined-space comparison framework. Research reveals that DSD manhole operations encompass essential control domains—permits, ventilation, personal protective equipment, atmospheric testing instruments, rescue apparatus, shoring, and perimeter control—however, the documented procedures are deficient in quantified atmospheric thresholds, performance benchmarks for ventilation and rescue timing, explicit protocols for communication failures, rationales for standardised inspection frequency, and uniform respiratory protection measures. The study additionally delineates methodological constraints that hinder causal assertions and advocates for a future mixed-method and quantitative monitoring architecture.