139 Articles
Dr. Sanjay P. Parab
By comparing State Bank of India and HDFC Bank between 2021 and 2025, this study examines the connection between capital structure and profitability in the Indian banking industry. The research is motivated by changing regulatory frameworks, especially Basel III standards, as well as the increasing demand for operational effectiveness and financial stability in a technologically advanced, competitive world. Using secondary data from annual reports and RBI publications, the study employs independent sample t-tests, regression, correlation, ratio analysis, and trend analysis. While Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) are used to quantify profitability, Debt-Equity Ratio, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Advances to Total Assets are crucial indicators of capital structure. The findings indicate that there are substantial differences between the two banks. The efficient use of assets and consistent profitability of HDFC Bank are demonstrated by stronger capital adequacy, lower leverage, and improved ROA and NPM performance. SBI, on the other hand, has a higher ROE because to its greater leverage, which represents the risk-return trade-off. The regression's results demonstrate that while excessive leverage boosts shareholder returns but decreases operational efficiency, capital adequacy and asset utilization have a positive effect on profitability. The analysis concludes that an optimal capital structure is necessary for sustainable banking performance. While an excessive reliance on debt increases financial risk, stronger capital positions increase stability and profitability. The research's perceptive examination of the connection between capital structure and profitability in India can be helpful to academics, policymakers and banking specialists.
Dr Bhaskara Rao Dharavathu, Mr Azmeera Rampandu Naik
Emotional Intelligence (EI) has become an important concept in understanding what makes a leader truly effective in today’s organizations. This review paper looks at existing studies to explore how emotional intelligence contributes to better leadership performance and overall organizational success. It focuses on key aspects of EI such as self-awareness, self-control, motivation, empathy, and social skills, and how these qualities influence leadership behavior. The review of previous research shows a strong and consistent link between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness. Leaders with high emotional intelligence are better at understanding their own emotions as well as those of others, which helps them make better decisions, handle conflicts smoothly, and communicate more effectively. They are also more capable of building strong relationships with team members and creating a positive and supportive work environment. In addition, emotionally intelligent leaders are able to manage stress and motivate their teams, leading to higher employee satisfaction and improved performance. The study also highlights the growing importance of training programs that help develop emotional intelligence among leaders. Overall, this paper emphasizes that emotional intelligence plays a key role in effective leadership and is essential for achieving long-term success in organizations.
Advocate Mudit Agnihotri, Assistant Professor Ramangi Pandey, Dr. Sanchita Agarwal
India’s tribal communities have lived in harmony with forests for centuries, relying on them not just for survival but also for cultural identity and livelihood. Yet, despite strong constitutional safeguards, these communities continue to face challenges such as displacement, poverty, and limited access to fair markets—especially in the case of Minor Forest Produce (MFP). In this context, the ideas of constitutional morality and judicial activism have become important instruments of justice. Constitutional morality ensures that governance is guided by the values of equality, dignity, and justice, while judicial activism ensures that these values are actively enforced when institutions fail. This paper explores how these two concepts together have shaped the protection of tribal rights in India. It also examines how sustainable marketing of Minor Forest Produce can improve tribal livelihoods and reduce exploitation. The study argues that true transformation in the social arena requires not only legal recognition but also economic empowerment through inclusive governance systems
Prof. Dr. Thressiamma K.L (Sr. Teena)
Introduction: Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) is a critical component in managing life-threatening emergencies in children. Nursing students often have inadequate knowledge and skills in pediatric resuscitation, which can affect patient outcomes. Simulation based learning programme has been identified as an effective teaching strategy to improve competency in emergency care. The study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of Simulation based teaching programme on knowledge and skill regarding Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) among Seventh semester B.Sc. nursing students.
Cihan bedel, Fatih Selvi, ökkeŞ ZORTUK, Resmiye Nur Okudan
Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication in patients undergoing chemotherapy, associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Over the past two decades, research in this field has expanded considerably, reflecting advances in oncology and supportive care. Bibliometric analysis provides a systematic approach to evaluating the structure and evolution of scientific literature. Objective: This study aimed to analyze global research trends, key contributors, and emerging themes in febrile neutropenia using bibliometric methods.
Dr. B. Hariprabhu Dhakal, Dr. C. Velaudham, Dr. P. Chinnadurai
This study examines the comparative adoption and effectiveness of Digital Human Resource Management Practices (DHRMP) among public and private sector bank employees in the Coimbatore district. Using a sample of 150 respondents (75 from each sector), the analysis evaluates key dimensions such as e-recruitment and selection, digital training and development, e-performance appraisal, employee self-service systems, and digital communication and engagement. The findings reveal that private sector banks consistently report higher mean scores across all DHRMP dimensions compared to public sector banks, indicating more advanced implementation and employee satisfaction. Statistical results show significant differences between the two sectors (p < 0.05) in all variables, with the largest gaps observed in e-recruitment, training, and overall DHRMP. Public sector banks demonstrate comparatively moderate adoption levels, particularly lagging in digital communication and engagement. Overall, the study highlights the need for public sector banks to strengthen their digital HR infrastructure and practices to remain competitive and enhance employee experience.
Abadul Haque, Animesh Chandra Roy, Chhanda Rani Das, Md. Julkar Nayeen, Md. Monirul Islam, Shahena Akhtar, Shahida Akter, Shipra Roy, Siam Hossain Limon
Ovariohysterectomy is the most common surgical procedure performed in dogs and cats, which prevents the risk of development of mammary tumor and pyometra. Although there is no standard surgical approach to the ovariohysterectomy of dogs, some prefer the midline over the flank approach. This study compared postoperative hematological, hormonal, and wound healing responses in cats undergoing ventral midline versus lateral flank ovariohysterectomy. Thirty clinically healthy female cats were randomly divided into two equal groups, with Group I subjected to midline ovariohysterectomy and Group II to flank ovariohysterectomy. Blood samples were collected on Day 0 (preoperative) and on postoperative Days 1, 3, and 7 for complete blood count and serum cortisol and estrogen estimation, and wound healing was assessed clinically. Both approaches produced significant postoperative changes; however, the midline group showed significantly higher total leukocyte counts, neutrophil percentages, and serum cortisol levels, along with lower lymphocyte percentages, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume during the early postoperative period (p < 0.05), indicating greater surgical stress and inflammatory response. Serum estrogen concentrations decreased significantly in both groups following ovariohysterectomy, with a more pronounced decline in the midline group. Clinically, wound healing was uneventful in most cases except one case of evisceration and one case of wound breakdown in midline ovariohysterectomy, but cats undergoing flank ovariohysterectomy demonstrated milder inflammatory reactions, earlier normalization of hematological and hormonal parameters, and without evisceration and wound breakdown. Overall, lateral flank ovariohysterectomy was associated with reduced postoperative stress and faster recovery compared to the ventral midline approach.
SMK .Siyasinghe
This article examines the gap between international labour standards and the practical realization of trade union rights in Sri Lanka's semi-government sector. Although Sri Lanka has ratified ILO Convention No. 87 on freedom of association and Convention No. 98 on the right to organize and collective bargaining, the dissertation findings show that formal legal recognition does not automatically produce effective workplace rights. Drawing on qualitative evidence from semi-structured interviews with union leaders, union members, labour-rights advocates and legal experts in transport, health, energy and postal services, the article argues that the main problem is institutional rather than purely legal. Regulatory ambiguity, politicized appointments, managerial resistance, bureaucratic delay and weak enforcement reduce union autonomy, discourage membership and weaken collective bargaining. The article proposes legal clarification for semi-government employees, strengthened enforcement, depoliticized institutional governance, capacity building for trade unions and regular tripartite dialogue as practical reforms to close the gap between Sri Lanka's international commitments and domestic labour practice.
Karthick Rajapandiyan, Sridhar L
The contemporary digital health environment features an abundance of applications and wearable technologies capable of monitoring a wide array of physiological parameters, including cardiac activity, energy expenditure, sleep architecture, stress levels, and critical vital signs such as ECG, SpO₂, and body temperature. However, specialized instruments, exemplified by LCM for respiratory symptom surveillance like cough, typically function in isolation from broader health tracking ecosystems. This technological proliferation has paradoxically created a significant lacuna in the integration of these disparate data sources into a cohesive, publicly accessible, and user-friendly platform. This paper presents a novel framework designed to address this challenge by employing Generative AI (GenAI) to synchronize data from discrete cough monitoring tools with wearable health device datasets. Through GenAI's capacity for multimodal data analysis, the system can discern intricate patterns and correlations between respiratory symptoms and other physiological metrics, thereby facilitating the early detection of nascent health conditions. The proposed solution is engineered to demystify health data interpretation for non-expert users by generating personalized, localized summaries and actionable insights. This integrated approach not only augments the accuracy of health assessments but also empowers individuals to exercise informed agency over their well-being. The framework holds substantial promises for advancing chronic disease management, expediting illness detection, bolstering preventive care, and informing post-care decisions, fostering a unified, intelligent, adaptive, and accessible paradigm for health monitoring [21]
Harish H, Kondragunta Rama Krishnaiah, P Vamsi Krishna
In this article, we present a novel approach to continuous Sign Language (SL) recognition using a Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN) with an iterative training process and multimodal fusion. Our primary goal is to accurately transcribe continuous SL video streams into ordered gloss sequences, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods that rely on frame-wise labeling and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). To address the challenges posed by limited training data, we introduce an iterative optimization process that refines gestural alignments, ensuring improved model performance across training iterations. Additionally, we incorporate a multimodal fusion strategy that combines RGB frames and optical flow data to capture both appearance and motion cues, enhancing the spatiotemporal feature representation. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing SL recognition methods in terms of recognition accuracy and Word Error Rate (WER), showing significant potential for real-world applications such as real-time SL translation and human-computer interaction. Our system achieves robust performance even with unsegmented video streams, making it a promising solution for continuous SL recognition tasks.
Dr Pushpalata Patil, Gauri Khandve, Srushti Bhujbal, Yash Chaudhari
This project is about how to improve customer satisfaction in medical stores. Medical stores are very important because people depend on them for medicines and health products. When customers are happy, they trust the store and come back again. Customer satisfaction depends on many things like availability of medicines, behavior of staff, waiting time, price, and cleanliness of the store. If medicines are not available or staff behave badly, customers feel unhappy. This report explains simple ways to improve customer satisfaction. Medical stores should always keep important medicines in stock. Staff should be polite, helpful, and have basic knowledge about medicines. Waiting time should be less, and billing should be fast. Clean and well-organized stores also create a good impression. The report also suggests using technology like digital payments, online orders, and home delivery services. These make shopping easier for customers. Feedback from customers is also important to understand their needs and improve services. If medical stores focus on good service and customer needs, they can make customers happy, build trust, and grow their business successfully.
Dr. Priyanka Singh Jadon, Dr. Santosh Mishra
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an essential role in economic development by supporting employment generation and income creation. However, limited access to formal finance often restricts their ability to grow and remain sustainable. Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) provide financial support to MSMEs that are unable to access traditional banking services. This study aims to analyze the effect of MFI funding on MSME performance with respect to business growth, profitability, employment creation, financial stability, and sustainability. The research is based on both primary and secondary data collected from MSME owners who have received microfinance support. The study seeks to understand whether microfinance funding contributes positively to business performance and long-term stability. The findings of this research are expected to be useful for policymakers, financial institutions, and entrepreneurs in improving financial inclusion and strengthening MSME development.
Deepa, Helen Elizabeth, Lingaraj chitra, Ramya
Constipation is a common gastrointestinal problem among adolescents and may negatively affect physical comfort, bowel habits, and quality of life. Non-pharmacological and low-cost supportive interventions are increasingly being explored for bowel health management. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of oil pulling on constipation among adolescent students residing in a selected college hostel in Coimbatore. A pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was adopted for the study. The study was conducted among 60 first- and second-year B.Sc. Nursing students selected through non-probability purposive sampling. Baseline socio-demographic variables and constipation levels were assessed using the Modified Wexner Constipation Scale. The participants were instructed to perform oil pulling using 10 ml of coconut oil for 10 minutes daily on an empty stomach for four weeks. Post-test assessment was conducted using the same tool after completion of the intervention. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and paired t-test. The findings revealed a reduction in the mean constipation score from 1.85 in the pre-test to 0.75 in the post-test. The calculated paired t-value was 8.12, which was statistically significant at p < 0.001. The results indicate improvement in constipation symptoms following the intervention. The study findings suggest that oil pulling may be a simple, safe, low-cost, and supportive complementary practice for reducing constipation symptoms among adolescent students. The possible physiological explanation may include stimulation of salivary secretion, activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, relaxation response, and promotion of healthy morning bowel habits. However, the study was limited by the absence of a control group, small sample size, and short duration of follow-up. Further randomized controlled studies with larger samples are recommended to establish the effectiveness and physiological basis of oil pulling in constipation management.
Mrs. Kodur Srividya, Sanjana Jagannatha, Shreya S Upadhya, Shrusti L.
With increasing population numbers worldwide, sickle cell disease (SCD) continues to pose a serious global health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where close to 240,000 babies are born every year with the disease. SCD refers to a genetic disorder that leads to the distortion of hemoglobin molecules and subsequent deformity of red blood cells into rigid, sickle-like forms. The irregular blood cells block blood vessels and degenerate prematurely, causing health problems such as anemia, pain crises, infections, and organ dysfunction. It is critical to diagnose the condition early and correctly to manage and control it effectively. Advancements in artificial intelligence and image processing have facilitated the development of automatic detection systems for SCD. Deep learning methods have shown great promise in recognizing deformities in microscopic images of blood smears with high accuracy and speed. Automatic detection models can aid healthcare practitioners through shortened diagnostic duration, reduced error rates, and easy-to-use tests in resource-limited areas. This survey paper provides an extensive analysis of deep learning solutions for the detection of sickle cell disease.
Akash Sarkar, Hrittesh Ghosh, Musharapov Denis Razikovich
Acute severe ulcerative colitis is a very serious ailment that involves hospital treatment and inhalation of powerful drugs such as intravenous steroids. About one-third of the individuals affected by this situation fail to show improvement with steroids alone, thus requiring other special medications. Infliximab or cyclosporine can be given to these patients as the means of treatment. The two drugs turn out to be equally effective, but doctors commonly choose infliximab because they find it more convenient and they have adequate experience of working with it. Nevertheless, should a patient have already been exposed to infliximab previously, then doctors are allowed to prescribe cyclosporine more frequently. When folks with severe ulcerative colitis do not respond positively to such therapies, the next step could be the surgical intervention, i.e., excision of the colon. The medical community is very active in looking for more ways of treating the condition that do not involve surgery. Previous studies have shown that medicines like Janus kinase inhibitors are of great help when applied together with steroids at the beginning or used as a single treatment, respectively, though their effectiveness still needs to be established through further research.
Dr. Dhiraj Saxena
This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the AC conductivity and dielectric behaviour of PDMS-PZT composites over a wide frequency range. The electrical response of the material system exhibits strong frequency dependence, characteristic of disordered polymeric structures and heterogeneous composites. The AC conductivity analysis reveals a transition from frequency-independent DC conduction at low frequencies to dispersive AC conduction at higher frequencies, which is well described by Jonscher’s universal power law. The observed power-law exponent suggests that the dominant conduction mechanism is governed by correlated barrier hopping (CBH), indicating thermally activated charge carrier transport between localized states. The dielectric properties of the system further support this conduction mechanism. The dielectric constant shows high values at low frequencies due to pronounced interfacial polarization arising from the Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars (MWS) effect, which originates from charge accumulation at interfaces with contrasting electrical properties. As the frequency increases, a gradual decrease in dielectric constant is observed due to the inability of dipolar and interfacial polarization mechanisms to follow the rapidly varying electric field. The dielectric loss behaviour demonstrates significant energy dissipation at lower frequencies, primarily due to electrode polarization and charge carrier migration, while reduced losses at higher frequencies indicate improved dielectric stability. The presence of broad relaxation peaks confirms non-Debye type relaxation, suggesting a distribution of relaxation times within the material system. Furthermore, a strong correlation between AC conductivity and dielectric loss highlights the coupled nature of charge transport and polarization phenomena. The incorporation of ceramic fillers such as PZT into the PDMS matrix enhances both conductivity and dielectric response by introducing additional interfacial regions and facilitating charge hopping pathways. Overall, the combined experimental and theoretical analysis provides valuable insights into the complex electrical behaviour of PDMS-based composites, making them promising candidates for applications in flexible electronics, capacitive sensors, and dielectric energy storage devices.
Anila Pasha, Md Abu Hasan, Mirola Afroze, Moktar Hossain
The accuracy, traceability, and reliability of calibration measurements is highly dependent on the environment in today's metrology laboratories. Ambient temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, vibration and airflow have significant impact on measurement uncertainty and on the long-term stability of calibrated instruments (JCGM 100:2008; Bell 2001). In this study, these environmental factors are evaluated using an advanced experimental and analytical methodology. Experiments were performed in controlled lab facilities with high accuracy balances, volumetric measuring glassware, and digital measurement system in the temperature range of 18 °C to 32 °C, relative humidity from 35% to 75% and under observed atmospheric pressure. The tests were repeated 10 times for each test condition (n=10), and 10 times for each instrument type for a total of 30 measurements per environmental condition (3 instruments × 10 repeats). Using the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (JCGM 100:2008) relationships between environmental fluctuations and calibration deviations were quantified through statistical analysis and uncertainty modelling. The calibration uncertainty was largest for the volumetric measurement, 42%, and had a good linear dependence (R2 = 0.93) with temperature variation. For electronic instrumentation and mass measurements, the impacts of humidity were more pronounced, with the effect showing a non-linear relationship above 60% RH, which is consistent with Ahmed et al. (2019) and Wang et al. (2017). The overall calibration uncertainty was reduced by 18.7% (paired t-test, p < 0.01) using the novel environmental compensation algorithm based on empirical transfer functions generated in real-time using polynomial correction factors. These results highlight the need for regular monitoring of the environment alongside compensation to guarantee a traceable calibration, in line with the ISO/IEC 17025:2017 (ISO/IEC 2017).
Suju C. Joseph
The Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) remains one of the most insightful phenomena in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for probing through-space spin–spin interactions. Its two-dimensional implementation, Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY), revolutionized molecular structure determination by allowing spatial correlation mapping at the atomic level. In recent decades, NOE-based methods have evolved from qualitative distance probes to quantitative tools integrated with computational modeling, dynamic analysis, and supramolecular chemistry. This research-oriented review consolidates theoretical foundations, modern experimental innovations, and emerging hybrid approaches combining NOE with hyperpolarization, relaxation dispersion, and molecular dynamics simulations. Emphasis is placed on the current research challenges, methodological improvements, and future opportunities for NOE-based spectroscopy in structural biology, materials science, and molecular engineering.
Naresh Lalam, Podili Rajesh, Ram Mohan Reddy Venuthurla, Shalem Srikar Perumallapalli
Background: Modular dual mobility (MDM) acetabular constructs reduce dislocation risk in total hip arthroplasty (THA) by increasing effective femoral head size (28-44mm) and jump distance (32-38mm vs 14mm conventional), achieving 71-85% relative risk reduction[7,8]. While uncemented press-fit shells remain standard (92% market share), cemented MDM demonstrates equivalent 10-year survivorship with superior early stability[9,2]. Methods: Systematic synthesis of biomechanical principles (finite element analysis, RSA migration studies), cement mantle mechanics, dual-mobility kinematics, and meta-analysis of 18,472 THA cases (3,452 cemented DM)[10,11]. Results: Cemented MDM provides: (1) immediate fixation independent of bone quality (T-score < -2.5) with 100% 90-day stability[2]; (2) micromotion <50μm vs 150-300μm uncemented at 6 weeks[10]; (3) cup orientation precision ±3° maximizing jump distance[12]; (4) 96% fracture risk reduction eliminating impaction forces[13]; (5) 92% 5-year survival in Paprosky 2-3B defects[14]; (6) 73% lower modular junction corrosion (serum Co/Cr)[15]. Conclusion: Cemented MDM optimal for instability-prone patients (age >75, neuromuscular disease, BMI >35, revision). Level I trials needed[7,8].
Aditi S H, Bhavani S, Bhoomika M H, Brinda G, Somasekhar T
The rapid expansion of digital commercial space marketplaces has significantly increased the complexity of managing bookings, pricing strategies, and service quality across multi-vendor platforms. Traditional marketplace systems rely heavily on manual decision-making and static historical data, proving insufficient in responding to real-time market trends, shifting customer preferences, and fluctuating demand. As a result, commercial space owners frequently face challenges such as inaccurate demand forecasting, revenue loss from rigid pricing, delayed customer support, and poor inventory utilization. This survey paper analyses how the strategic integration of Predictive Analytics and Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) can enhance the efficiency, scalability, and customer experience of commercial space marketplaces. Specifically, the study evaluates AI-driven demand forecasting, dynamic pricing recommendations, automated customer support through intelligent agents, personalized property listing generation, and automated review analysis. The methodology involves reviewing AI-based marketplace use cases and technological frameworks currently shaping the industry. The proposed system utilizes historical and real-time data — including booking records, customer interactions, and urban mobility trends to generate actionable insights and automate critical operations. The framework also supports scalable deployment and intelligent decision-making for long-term marketplace optimization and business growth. Techniques such as Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing (NLP), BER-Topic clustering, and Large Language Models (LLMs) are examined for contextual automation and intelligent reasoning. Key findings indicate that AI-driven systems significantly reduce manual effort, improve pricing precision, and optimize occupancy rates for vendors. The study concludes that AI-powered marketplace intelligence provides a robust and scalable solution for building smarter, customer-centric commercial platforms, and establishes a foundation for future research into real-time data integration, continuous model learning, and advanced analytics in commercial real estate.
B. Sanjay, Dr. J. Sudhakar, Durga. T, M. Vasudevan
This methodology presents the design and implementation of an AI-powered computer vision–based physiotherapy rehabilitation system intended to support home and remote exercise monitoring. The proposed system utilizes real-time pose estimation through a standard webcam to detect body key points, compute joint angles, and evaluate exercise performance without the need for wearable sensors or invasive devices. By integrating machine learning–based movement classification with automated visual and audio feedback, the system provides objective posture correction and repetition tracking. Session data is recorded and analyzed to generate performance metrics and progress reports, enabling quantitative assessment of rehabilitation outcomes. The results demonstrate that camera-based motion analysis can offer a cost-effective, non-invasive, and scalable solution for enhancing accessibility and consistency in physiotherapy rehabilitation.In addition to improving accessibility, the system significantly reduces the dependency on continuous clinical supervision by enabling patients to perform exercises independently at home. The use of real-time feedback ensures that users are immediately guided to correct improper posture, thereby minimizing the risk of injury and improving exercise effectiveness. The system is designed with a user-friendly interface that allows individuals with minimal technical knowledge to operate it Furthermore, the integration of automated data logging ensures accurate tracking of patient performance over time, which can be useful for long-term rehabilitation planning. The ability to generate structured reports supports better communication between patients and physiotherapists. The system also promotes consistency in exercise routines by providing continuous monitoring and reminders.
Ariel Antwaun Rolando C. Sison, Criselle J. Centeno, Joseph Darwin C. Co, Lance Ravin G. Urgelles, Lemuel Mari C. De Roxas, Mark Christopher R. Blanco, Miyeon Jasmin M. Oh
This study presents AKtiveWorld, an offline gamified mobile application designed to support social skills development among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 6 to 12. The system integrates a rule-based dialogue mechanism, a threshold-based reinforcement algorithm, and a personalized progress tracking feature to provide a structured and adaptive learning environment. Through virtual character interactions and scenario-based dialogues, the application simulates real-life social situations that allow users to practice appropriate social responses in a safe and controlled setting. The study evaluated three core system components. First, the rule-based dialogue system achieved a functional suitability score of 3.6, indicating effective dialogue flow, scoring accuracy, and task completion. Second, the threshold-based reinforcement mechanism utilized the Independent Positive Count (IPC) to assess user performance, where a score of 11 out of 15 (73.33%) met the required 70% passing threshold, confirming the system’s capability to identify weaker social skills and reinforce them through repeated dialogue exposure. Third, the personalized progress tracking feature demonstrated its effectiveness in monitoring and recording user responses, contributing to continuous skill improvement and obtaining a usability mean score of 3.8. In addition, the system achieved a performance efficiency mean score of 4.8, reflecting responsive interaction, smooth scene transitions, and stable offline operation. The findings indicate that AKtiveWorld is a functional, usable, and effective platform for supporting adaptive social skills learning among children with ASD.
Arun Kumar Patra, Neeraj Bala
Denim fabric with its wide acceptance has been subjected to various kinds of finish effects by processors, the worn out look being the most prominent. The process of imparting this fading effect has also evolved with time, particularly with use of enzymes as an option. In this context, herein three denim fabrics are treated with a modified neutral cellulase to study the wash down effect. Two of the fabrics are indigo vat dyed, one in light blue shade and the other dark blue shade, while the third one is of sulphur black. The enzyme wash was done by varying the concentration of enzyme, time of treatment and mechanical agitation. To reduce the number of trials, Box Behnken design of experiment was used and the process in the design region was optimized by ridge analysis. Other than studying the effect of process parameters, back staining during the enzyme action was also evaluated. The extent of colour fading was checked by finding the colour strength in terms of K/S (Absorption/ Scattering) values, while surface fibre removal due to cellulase action was determined by weight loss method. The trends and optimized conditions were observed to be dye and shade specific with reasonable coherence. Although back staining was not found much in the vat dyed fabrics but it was of prominence in sulphur black, possibly due to redeposition of the dye.
Tribeni Saikia
This systematic review examines the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) in digital learning and pedagogy. Guided by PRISMA 2020 and systematic mapping methods, the study reviewed 135 studies published between 2015 and 2026. The findings show that AI tools such as adaptive learning, intelligent tutoring systems, natural language processing, generative AI, and learning analytics can support the digitization, preservation, and dissemination of IKS. The review highlights the potential of AI–IKS frameworks for multilingual learning, culturally responsive pedagogy, ethical AI, inclusive education, and personalized learning. However, challenges such as digital divide, teacher readiness, algorithmic bias, and limited representation of Indian languages remain significant. The study concludes that AI-enabled IKS frameworks can promote a balanced, culturally rooted, ethical, and technology-supported model of education.
Linda Thornhill
Artificial intelligence is increasingly deployed in human resource management to enhance candidate selection and streamline recruitment processes. However, significant questions remain regarding the reliability and consistency of artificial intelligence-driven interview systems compared to traditional human resource management evaluations. Given the potential for intentional or unintentional bias in AI algorithms, there is a critical need to evaluate whether electronic interview systems produce candidate selections comparable to those of human evaluators when assessing a shared applicant pool. This research employs a comparative evaluation methodology to assess multiple electronic human resource information systems (HRIS) and their effectiveness in candidate selection. A comparison of the top 10 selections generated by various AI-driven interview platforms with those made by experienced human resource managers was conducted using a standardized pool of candidates. I examine the degree of overlap in candidate rankings and analyze patterns of disparity that may indicate systemic bias or inconsistency in artificial intelligence algorithms.
Damata Mohammed Yakubu, Dr. Mohammed Ali
The present study critically assessed artificial intelligence (AI) in nutrition science and dietetics for maternal and child health, focusing on the balance between innovation and ethical issues. A systematic narrative review of 50 peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2026 was conducted across multiple databases. Results: Accuracy, scalability, and predictive ability of AI applications for dietary assessment, personalized nutrition guidance, and public health surveillance were significantly increased. Meanwhile, new ethical and equity challenges emerged, such as data privacy issues, algorithmic bias, inequitable access in low- and middle-income countries, and professional displacement. We found research gaps in long-term evidence, Low and Middle Income Country-specific datasets, as well as ethical frameworks. AI has the potential to drive better maternal and child health outcomes, but its responsible adoption depends on governance, inclusion, and professional accountability; the study concludes. Key recommendations include strengthening governance of data through global health agencies, addressing bias at research institutions, expanding digital infrastructure through development banks, securing professional roles through dietetic associations, and encouraging longitudinal research underwritten by international research councils. Limitations are restricted to English-language studies from 2020-26 and a narrative synthesis instead of a meta-analysis, leading to less generalizability.
Lene Deloso-Buyco
This study assessed teachers’ readiness and administrative support for the implementation of the Academic Recovery and Accessible Learning (ARAL) Law in the District of Anilao, Iloilo, Philippines. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, involving 191 public school teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire validated by experts and tested for reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that teachers demonstrated a very high level of readiness in implementing the ARAL Law, while administrative support was also rated very high. Results further showed a significant moderate positive relationship between teachers’ readiness and administrative support, indicating that higher administrative support is associated with greater teacher readiness. The study concludes that both strong teacher readiness and effective administrative support contribute to favorable conditions for the implementation of the ARAL Law in the district. Strengthening school leadership support may further enhance teacher preparedness in sustaining educational reform initiatives.
Dr. Vidya Telang, Yashasvi Panwar
Financial Literacy is one of the most important factors in the determination of financial decisions. It is one of the most influential deciding factors which constitute good financial decision-making. This study focuses on the level of financial literacy and its impact on investment awareness among selected retail investors of Madhya Pradesh. The study is empirical in nature and is conducted on a sample size of 210 individuals residing in Madhya Pradesh state. Primary data has been collected through a structured questionnaire. The study uses statistical tools such as descriptive analysis, correlation, chi-square test and multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship between financial literacy and investment awareness. The reliability of the constructs was tested using Cronbach’s alpha, which showed satisfactory internal consistency for financial literacy (0.842) and investment awareness (0.795). The findings reveal that majority of the individuals are not fully aware about financial literacy and some of its important components. They do not prefer moderate risk instruments because of lack of knowledge and face difficulty in taking proper investment decisions regarding certain financial products. The correlation analysis shows a moderate positive relationship between financial literacy and investment awareness (r = 0.451, p < 0.01). The regression analysis indicates that financial literacy, income and education have a significant positive impact on investment awareness, explaining 40.2% of the variation (R² = 0.402). Among all the variables, financial literacy has the highest impact on investment awareness. The study further reveals that majority of the respondents prefer low-risk investment avenues such as Fixed Deposits and Post Office Investments. The study provides valuable insights regarding the basic state of awareness of individuals towards financial literacy and investment decisions. It can be useful for policymakers, financial institutions and corporate organizations in designing effective financial literacy programs and strategies to improve investment awareness among retail investors.
Dr. Ayesha Begum, Dr. Lina George, Dr. Soofi Asra Mubeen, Dr. Thahirunissa Arshath
This study examines the influence of perceived trust and perceived security on digital payment preference among users in Muscat, Oman. As digital payment systems become increasingly integrated into daily financial activities, understanding the factors that influence user preference has become important for financial institutions, policymakers, and payment service providers. The study adopted a quantitative research design and collected data from 128 digital payment users through a structured questionnaire. Perceived trust and perceived security were treated as independent variables, while preferred digital payment method was treated as the dependent variable. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were conducted using MS Excel and PSPP software. The findings revealed that neither perceived trust nor perceived security had a statistically significant influence on users’ preferred digital payment method. Trust explained only 1.1% of the variation in payment preference, while security explained only 0.1%. These results suggest that trust and security may be viewed by respondents as basic expectations rather than direct factors influencing payment preference. However, due to the small sample size, gender imbalance, and exploratory statistical approach, the findings should be interpreted with caution. The study recommends that future research should examine additional factors such as convenience, transaction speed, ease of use, promotional benefits, merchant acceptance, and service reliability to better understand digital payment preference in Oman.
Avwiri. G.O., Chad Umoren, Y. E., Chukwuemeka, S. O.
This study evaluates the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides (40K, 226Ra, and 232Th) and associated radiological hazard indices in water, soil, and sediment samples collected from the vicinity of God’s Little Tannery. The mean concentrations in water were 30.134 ± 10.959 Bq/kg for 40K, 27.464 ± 16.175 Bq/kg for 226Ra, and 26.002 ± 11.621 Bq/kg for 232Th. Soil samples recorded higher values with mean concentrations of 260.942 Bq/kg for 40K, 16.644 ± 6.833 Bq/kg for 226Ra, and 39.536 ± 7.445 Bq/kg for 232Th. Sediments showed moderate levels. Radiological hazard parameters such as absorbed dose rate, radium equivalent activity, external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE), excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), and committed effective dose were evaluated. The mean absorbed dose rates were 29.650 nGy/h (water), 42.450 nGy/h (soil), and 21.789 nGy/h (sediment). The calculated hazard indices (Hex and Hin) for all samples were below the recommended limit of unity, indicating minimal radiological risk. Additionally, ELCR values were below the UNSCEAR recommended threshold, suggesting no significant long-term cancer risk to the exposed population. However, the relatively higher radionuclide concentrations in soil compared to water and sediment indicate possible accumulation from industrial activities. Continuous monitoring is recommended to ensure environmental safety and public health protection.
Anoh U. Marvins, Iwuoha Greg, Mbamaonyeukwu C. Felicia, Nnamah Stella, Obasi K. Ojo, Okereke Eric. E, Osisiogu, E.Chinwe, Ukah Andy
Background And Objective: Access to safe drinking water remains a major public health challenge in many Nigerian communities. Sachet-packaged water, commonly called "pure water," has become the primary drinking water source for millions of Nigerians who cannot rely on municipal tap water. Despite its widespread use, concerns about the microbiological safety of sachet water is well documented. This study assessed the bacteriological quality of sachet-packaged water brands sold in Nibo, a semi-urban community in Anambra State, Nigeria, and to determine whether these products meet World Health Organization drinking water standards. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used in the study. Twelve commonly consumed sachet water brands were purposively sampled from vendors in Nibo between April to September 2025. Samples were transported under sterile conditions to the laboratory and analysed using standard microbiological methods, including total bacterial count on nutrient agar, total coliform count on eosin methylene blue agar, and biochemical identification of bacterial isolates. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, medians, standard deviations) and one-sample t-tests with 95% wilson confidence intervals. Results: From the 12 brands tested, 7 (58.3%) showed no bacterial growth and met WHO safety standards. However, 5 brands (41.7%) were contaminated. Among contaminated samples, total bacterial counts ranged from 30 to 110 CFU/mL (mean: 68 CFU/mL), and total coliform counts ranged from 10 to 50 CFU/mL (mean: 24 CFU/mL). Two samples (16.7%) tested positive for Escherichia coli, confirming faecal contamination. Identified bacterial species included Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.7%), Proteus mirabilis (16.7%), Citrobacter freundii (16.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.3%), Escherichia coli (8.3%), Shigella flexneri (8.3%), and Enterobacter aerogenes (8.3%). Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Although the majority of sachet water brands tested were safe, a substantial proportion (41.7%) contained bacteria that pose health risks, including faecal indicator organisms and opportunistic pathogens. Mean total bacterial count (68±32CFU/mL) and coliform count (24±17CFU/mL) was significantly above the acceptable limit at (p<0.05). People who drink these contaminated products, particularly children, elderly individuals, and immunocompromised persons, face preventable risks of diarrhoeal and other infections. Regulators should increase unannounced inspections and enforce penalties for violations. Producers must improve hygiene practices, including regular equipment cleaning and water testing. Public health awareness campaigns should help consumers identify safer brands. Future research studies are to be conducted larger sample sizes, seasonal sampling, and antimicrobial resistance testing.
Dr. Balwinder Kaur
Political systems are of two types, for example, federal and unitary. Federal systems are favored by larger nations, while unitary systems suit smaller ones. In a federal polity, dual governments share responsibilities, often leading to tensions. This paper focuses on the Bhakhra Beas Management dispute between the central and Punjab state government, arising from historical territorial reorganization post-1947 partition. The formation of Punjab and subsequent issues related to territory, river water management, and administrative autonomy have generated conflict over control and representation, particularly concerning the Bhakhra Beas Management Board (BBMB). This research paper examines the BBMB issue in the contemporary Centre-State relations of Punjab , highlighting constitutional provisions, institutional structures, political conflicts, and recent disputes. The study concludes that while BBMB was initially a model of cooperative federalism, it has increasingly become a site of conflict due to centralization, inter-state competition, and political tensions.
Christian Dave A. Balasa, Helbert D. Benjamin, Leoname B. Gonzales
This descriptive- qualitative research was conducted with the aim of identifying the key barriers that hinder learners from accessing and attaining effective education. Purposive sampling was employed to select the participants from public elementary schools located in a geographically challenged area. Data were gathered through interviews and were analyzed through thematic analysis to extract recurring patterns and significant insights. Findings revealed that deterrents to quality elementary education include textbook shortage, low Socio-economic Status (SES), low parental education, learners’ negative attitude towards studies, and school location issues. Actions taken to overcome such deterrents include resorting to digital mobilization, engaging in sideline jobs, creating engaging learning experiences, building strong support systems, engaging in self-care practices, and practicing positive thinking, resourcefulness, adaptability, and resilience. The study concludes that these deterrents are interconnected and require comprehensive, multi- stakeholder interventions to promote inclusive and quality education. Hence, a Strategic Intervention Program is proposed to mitigate, if not eradicate, the identified deterrents and promote a more inclusive, equitable, and high-quality public elementary education system.
Blessing Temitope DICKSON-OMOGOYE
This study examines the predictive relationship between pre-service academic performance and in-service teaching competence among Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) graduates, focusing on ENG 212 (Applied English Linguistics). Anchored in systems theory and assessment validity theory, the research evaluates whether pre-service assessments effectively identify future teaching competence. A concurrent explanatory mixed-method design was employed, involving 60 graduates from Federal Colleges of Education in southwestern Nigeria. Quantitative data were derived from academic records and structured classroom observations, while qualitative insights were obtained through interviews and field notes. Findings revealed a weak and statistically insignificant correlation between pre-service performance and in-service competence (r = 0.214, p = 0.132), indicating limited predictive validity. Chi-square analysis also showed no significant association between categorical performance levels. Qualitative evidence highlighted notable divergence, with some low-performing graduates demonstrating strong teaching competence and some high-performing graduates performing poorly in practice. The study concludes that current assessment practices, which emphasize theoretical knowledge, fail to capture essential teaching competencies. It recommends a shift toward performance-based assessment, strengthened practicum experiences, and longitudinal validation studies to enhance the effectiveness and credibility of teacher education assessment systems.
Nwachukwu A.I., Ukoba J.O.
Tertiary institutions in Nigeria face increasing pressure to modernize administrative governance through digital transformation to overcome operational inefficiencies and data fragmentation. This study examined the potential of Business Intelligence (BI) solutions in addressing administrative challenges within tertiary institutions in the South-South region of Nigeria, specifically evaluating levels of adoption, institutional support, and administrative effectiveness. Utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 137 academic administrators and ICT personnel and analyzed using a structured Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) framework via Python. Descriptive results revealed moderate administrative challenges (Mean = 3.34) and BI adoption (Mean = 3.01), contrasting with high institutional support (Mean = 4.16). While correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between institutional support and BI effectiveness (r = 0.702, p < 0.05), regression analysis indicated that BI adoption alone was not a significant predictor of administrative effectiveness β= 0.046, p > 0.05), explaining only 0.2% of the variance. These findings suggest that the mere presence of BI technology does not guarantee administrative transformation; rather, success depends on strategic integration, staff competence, and sustained management backing beyond simple tool acquisition.
Jeany Claire M. Comonong, Jessebel Parcon, Karen Mae S. Fernandez, Karl Angelo A. Igcalinos, Marjohn N. Esguerra, Rainier Fred N. Tagailo
Today, many students spend a lot of time scrolling through social media watching Short Form Videos (SFVs). However, despite this, they often find it hard to speak up or share their ideas clearly in class. Even though these students are in senior high school, they still struggle to express themselves and often hesitate when speaking. This classroom-based action research investigated whether Short Form Videos (SFVs) can be utilized to help the 22 Grade 11 students at Malinao National High School improve their speaking abilities. The researchers executed a 10-day intervention following the cyclical model of Kemmis and McTaggart, which use only four teacher-created SFVs to provide a functional “English Frame” while protecting the students from cognitive overload. The study collected quantitative data through pre-test and post-test assessment, which the researcher used to conduct a paired sample t-test analysis, and was further supported by a qualitative analysis of students’ audio transcripts. Findings revealed a significant improvement in oral performance where the class means increased from 2.55 to 3.22 (t=5.29, p < 0.001). The Linguistic analysis demonstrated that there was less “dead air” time while speakers used transitional words like “First” and “After that,” yet still showing code-switching from their mother tongue, but now it has better control over speech flow and organization of ideas. The study concludes that short videos give students a familiar baseline to lean on, which helps them stop freezing up or stuttering in class, while turning their everyday social media habits into a useful tool for school. The study suggests that educators should utilize SFVs as purposeful educational resources that help students transition from their media consumption to academic communication.
Anastasiah Nyamilu Kimeu, Felistus Nthambi Muinde, Ronald Obwoge
Background: Cadaveric dissection remains central to anatomy education, offering tactile and spatial understanding that builds student confidence. While widely used globally, access to cadavers varies by resources and culture. In Africa, support for cadaveric dissection is strong despite the constraints. Emerging tools like VR and 3D models increasingly complement dissection, creating a balanced, hybrid approach to effective training. Methods: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted among 260 students and 13 lecturers across multiple campuses. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 30 for descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Qualitative data were obtained through key informant interviews and were analysed thematically. Results: Most students (51.2%) reported participating in cadaveric dissection once per semester, although overall use was perceived as infrequent (78.1%). The majority (83.1%) considered cadaveric dissection very important for learning anatomy, citing benefits such as hands-on understanding, improved critical thinking, and enhanced knowledge retention. While awareness of alternative teaching methods was moderate, 53.8% of respondents preferred cadaveric dissection over these methods. Lecturers similarly reported limited but essential use of cadaveric dissection. Regression analysis showed a weak and non-significant relationship between study variables and participation in dissection (R²=0.048, p=0.084). Conclusions: Cadaveric dissection is underutilised but remains a critical and preferred method for teaching anatomy. Expanding its use, improving infrastructure, and integrating complementary teaching methods may enhance the quality and effectiveness of anatomy education.
Charles Roland Haruna, Edmund Ofei Ayeh, Kwame Opuni-Boachie Obour Agyekum, Maame Gyamfua Asante-Mensah, Obed Tettey Nartey, Pius Kwao Gadosey
Deep learning models remain susceptible to adversarial attacks, posing serious risks in safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving and medical diagnosis. This study introduces the Certified Robustness Differential Privacy (CRDP) framework, which integrates differential privacy (DP) with ensemble adversarial training to enhance robustness while preserving accuracy. CRDP employs DP noise mechanisms (Laplace and Gaussian) and dynamic adversarial mixing, optimizing the robustness-accuracy trade-off through principled noise calibration. Experiments on CIFAR-10 and MNIST demonstrate that the ensemble model achieves 99.12% accuracy under adversarial attack at ε = 0.5, surpassing single-model baselines by 1.84 percentage points. CRDP further attains a certified accuracy of 80% using Laplace noise (ε = 0.5), outperforming Gaussian noise alternatives under equivalent privacy budgets. Projected Gradient Descent (PGD)-based adversarial training additionally enhances resilience against iterative attacks. These findings confirm the advantage of Laplace noise in strengthening certified security guarantees while maintaining competitive model performance. This work unifies theoretical privacy guarantees with empirical validation, providing actionable strategies for deploying robust deep learning models in adversarial environments.
Loveness Paulos, Mlisa Jasper Ndlovu, Weiner Mazire
This study examines the challenges and opportunities presented by Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the supply chain management (SCM) of Delta Beverages. The objectives were to identify critical factors influencing AI adoption, assess its impact on financial performance, and propose policy reforms to support effective integration. The study is guided by two theories namely the Resource based View and Technology-Organisation-Environment. A mixed-methods approach, grounded in both positivist and interpretivist research philosophies, was employed. Data were collected from 80 respondents through structured questionnaires with a five-point Likert scale, 20 semi-structured interviews, and direct observations. Findings revealed that AI significantly enhances demand forecasting, inventory management, predictive maintenance and real-time logistics decision-making, thereby improving operational efficiency and reducing costs. However, challenges persist, including limited supply chain visibility due to data quality issues, a shortage of skilled personnel, integration difficulties, employee resistance to change, high initial investment costs and uncertainty regarding return on investment (ROI). The research has led to the conclusion that despite AI having the potential to revolutionize Delta Beverages’ supply chain, its implementation will be successful only if skill gap issues, data governance challenges and costs are taken care of. Some of the most effective recommendations that can be made in this regard would be implementing effective AI training programmes within the organization, developing better data management processes, utilizing incentives provided by governments and industries for seamless integration and implementing effective change management approaches, among others.
Genelyn R. Baluyos, Jhed Gabriel L. Sanchez
Mathematics learning becomes more meaningful when supported by intelligent technologies that enhance students’ problem-solving processes. This study examined the effectiveness of the use of chatbot-assisted instruction using Solomon’s Model Approach in enhancing students’ performance in Mathematics during the school year 2025–2026. A quantitative quasi-experimental design using the Solomon four-group model was employed. The participants were 76 Maritime students from a private higher education institution in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental, Philippines, randomly assigned into two experimental and two control groups. A researcher-made problem-solving test was used, and data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, independent samples t-test, and two-way ANOVA. Results showed that both groups demonstrated very low pretest performance. In the posttest, all groups improved; however, students exposed to the use of chatbot-assisted instruction achieved significantly higher performance than those who received traditional instruction. No significant differences were found between the two control groups and between the two experimental groups. Likewise, there was no significant interaction effect between pretest exposure and the use of chatbot-assisted instruction. The use of chatbot-assisted instruction effectively improves students’ mathematical performance and remains effective regardless of pretest exposure, highlighting its value as a supportive instructional tool in mathematics education. Math instructors may integrate chatbot-assisted instruction alongside traditional teaching strategies to enhance students’ learning outcomes in mathematics.
Aryan Verma, Ashish Srivastava, Nevesh Divya
Emotion recognition powered by AI and Computer Vision is changing how people and machines interact, computers can now read our feelings just by analyzing our faces. In this paper, we dig into a cloud-based emotion classification system built around the massive AffectNet dataset and a fine-tuned MobileNetV2 deep learning model. We needed to process millions of real-world images, so we put together a distributed MLOps pipeline on Google Cloud Platform using Apache Spark and Vertex AI. Traditional hardware just can’t keep up with this scale of data causing a huge bottleneck. We solved this with a cloud-first architecture. All images landed in Google Cloud Storage, acting as a virtually limitless data lake. When we needed to preprocess everything, we spun up an on-demand Apache Spark cluster with Dataproc, spreading the load across machines. For training, we handed things off to Vertex AI, orchestrating jobs across a cluster of NVIDIA A100 GPUs. Separating out these stages slashed both our processing time and costs while running thirty times faster than a single machine could ever manage. The AffectNet dataset has an extreme class imbalance. Some emotions, like happiness, dominate while others barely show up. We tackled this early in the preprocessing step by assigning class weights, sidestepping the need for resource-hungry oversampling. For transfer learning, we started by freezing the MobileNetV2 base and letting it extract features, only tuning the top layers at a low learning rate. The study includes a per-class performance metrics, a confusion matrix and digs into the dataset to give a sense of the model’s strengths and weaknesses. The final model reached 68.2% accuracy and a weighted F1-score of 0.67. In the end, this work lays a solid, reproducible MLOps foundation for more advanced research in temporal and multimodal emotion recognition.
Anasooya S, Mr. Praveen S Kamath
Interaction (HCI) increasingly relies on multimodal interfaces that combine voice and gesture recognition to support natural and intuitive communication. However, most existing systems emphasize recognition accuracy and modality fusion while largely ignoring the user’s internal cognitive state. As a result, interaction breakdowns often occur when interfaces become cognitively demanding, leading to user frustration and reduced usability. This paper proposes a cognitive effort–aware HCI framework that adapts multimodal interaction strategies in real time based on inferred user mental workload. Cognitive effort is estimated using short-term behavioral cues, including speech pauses, command repetition, response latency, and gesture hesitation, and classified into low, medium, or high effort states. Based on this inference, the interaction layer dynamically adjusts interface complexity, modality prioritization, and feedback mechanisms to reduce mental strain. Experimental evaluation compares the proposed adaptive approach with static multimodal interfaces using task performance metrics and subjective workload assessment. Results indicate that incorporating cognitive effort as a design parameter improves interaction robustness, usability, and accessibility across diverse application domains, including automotive systems and assistive technologies.
Alimamy Kargbo, Joshua Henry Amoh-Darko
This study compares EdTech readiness in Sierra Leone and Ghana using the World Bank EdTech Readiness Index (ETRI) framework while explicitly addressing a central methodological problem: the two country profiles are not synchronous. Sierra Leone’s evidence was collected in 2022 and published in a 2025 technical note, whereas Ghana’s October 2025 report applies ETRI 2.0 and includes additional hybrid-learning indicators. Therefore, the paper does not present the two countries as a ranked performance comparison. Instead, it interprets the evidence as a trajectory-sensitive comparison of two systems at different stages of digital education development. Drawing on the official ETRI reports, national policy documents, and peer-reviewed scholarship on technology integration, teacher capacity, and digital equity, the study compares only overlapping indicators across six pillars: school management, teachers, students, devices, connectivity, and digital educational resources. The findings show that Ghana demonstrates stronger readiness across most comparable indicators, especially school leadership, teacher self-efficacy, teacher planning, curriculum awareness, and digital resource use. Sierra Leone’s 2022 baseline shows very low school-level implementation, particularly in device availability, connectivity, teacher use, student access, and digital educational resources. The analysis argues that policymakers should interpret these differences through policy maturity, infrastructure investment, governance capacity, and equity. Ghana illustrates the opportunities and limits of a longer ICT-in-education trajectory: readiness improves, but device sufficiency, connectivity quality, technical support, and disability inclusion remain weak. Sierra Leone illustrates the value of a pre-strategy baseline for guiding implementation of the National Digital Learning Strategy 2025-2030. The study contributes a cautious comparative approach and proposes a future monitoring framework for African EdTech readiness assessment.
Dr. Aparnaa Upadhyaya, Mary Grace Hilario
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common clinical condition characterized by short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentin in response to thermal, tactile, osmotic, or chemical stimuli. Numerous desensitizing agents have been introduced to manage this condition, yet their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. This systematic review evaluates the clinical performance and mechanisms of action of commonly used desensitizing agents, including potassium nitrate, stannous fluoride, arginine calcium carbonate, nano hydroxyapatite, resin based sealants, and laser therapy.
Akinsola Abiodun Folasade, Awolumate Kehinde Abigeal, Oluwafemi Grace Adekemi, Oluwasola Esther Adeola, Omolayo Akinola, Osasona Ilesanmi
This study comparatively evaluated the proximate composition, mineral content, anti-nutrient levels, and amino acid profiles of the edible portions of Boerhavia diffusa and Boerhavia erecta, two wild edible vegetables commonly consumed in parts of Africa and Asia. Fresh plant samples were collected from Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, air-dried and analyzed using standard analytical procedures. The results showed that carbohydrate was the most abundant proximate component in both species, ranging from 48.49% in Boerhavia diffusa to 50.50% in B. erecta. Crude protein contents were relatively high and comparable, with values of 16.13% and 15.79%, respectively. Boerhavia diffusa contained higher ash content, whereas Boerhavia erecta had higher crude fat and fibre contents. Mineral analysis revealed appreciable levels of essential macro- and microelements, particularly calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, and magnesium. Lead was not detected in either sample. The Na/K ratios of both vegetables were below one, suggesting possible dietary benefits for cardiovascular health. Anti-nutrient analysis indicated low concentrations of saponin and alkaloid, while the moderately high level of cyanide and tannin in both samples could be reduced by processes such as cooking or boiling. Amino acid profiling showed the presence of both essential and non-essential amino acids in considerable amounts. Glutamic acid was the predominant amino acid in both samples, while leucine was the most abundant essential amino acid. Boerhavia diffusa generally recorded higher total amino acid content, essential amino acid index, and predicted protein efficiency ratio than Boerhavia erecta. Amino acid scoring patterns further demonstrated that both vegetables could contribute significantly to essential amino acid requirements, especially for children. Overall, the findings indicate that Boerhavia diffusa and Boerhavia erecta are valuable nutrient-rich leafy vegetables with promising potential for improving dietary quality and supporting food and nutrition security.
Frederick Ngwangusem Yangnyi, Martin Adavize Bello, Sr. Dr. Ngozi Elizabeth Okpalaenwe
Grounded on Self-Determination Theory and Psychospiritual Theory, this study examined the relationship between Competition and Psychospiritual Well-Being among early-career priests, using an embedded mixed-methods design. A census approach was employed targeting 91 early career priests, of whom 52 participated in the quantitative phase. Data were collected using the Hypercompetitive Attitude Scale and Psychospiritual Well-Being Scale. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eight early career priests to provide in depth experiences. Pearson Correlation analysis showed a weak, negative and non-significant correlation between competition and psychospiritual well-being (r = -0.140, p = 0.321). Despite the statistically non-significant association, the qualitative findings indicated that experiences of comparison and subtle competition existed but were mediated through spiritual practices, community life and adaptive coping mechanisms. These findings suggest that psychospiritual well-being among early career priests may be sustained by internalizing spiritual resources and formation structures that mitigate potential effects of competition. This study contributes to the growing body of research on priests’ well-being by illuminating the complex interplay between psychosocial dynamics and spiritual integration. Implications for priestly formation and on-going pastoral support are discussed. Given the modest quantitative sample and the non-significant statistical association, the findings should be read as exploratory rather than conclusive. The qualitative strand strengthens the interpretation by explaining how spiritual practices, vocation-centred identity and communal support may buffer the potentially harmful effects of competition.
Isuru Anuraga Sri Kuruppu, Saravanapavan Nasiketha
The rapid evolution of autonomous vehicle (AV) technology has the potential to revolutionize the transportation industry, offering increased safety, efficiency, and accessibility. This thorough analysis explores the contemporary developments that are influencing the evolution of autonomous vehicles (AVs), such as breakthroughs in sensor technology, artificial intelligence, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. But even with these advancements, there are still a lot of challengers to overcome, like legal restrictions, moral dilemmas, and technological constraints. In addition to providing insights into the future trajectory of autonomous vehicle technology, this study attempts to present a comprehensive review of these emerging trends and problems, highlighting important areas for future research and development.
Dr. Shashi Shekhar Vidyarthi, Somaila Ambreen
Nonlinear acoustic wave propagation in high-velocity fluids is a complex phenomenon influenced by the combined effects of nonlinearity, convection, and viscous dissipation. The proposed analysis is essential due to the unique influence of high-speed flow on acoustic waves. We use a Burgers-type nonlinear acoustic model to account for waveform distortion, amplitude variation, and energy attenuation as the wave propagates. A finite difference method is used to solve the governing equations; we ensure numerical stability through careful selection of discretization parameters and the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition. An interactive simulation with a MATLAB-based GUI (Graphical user interface) is built that allows the physical parameters to be changed, and propagation variables to be visualized and updated in real time. The results show that linear effects are responsible for wave steepening and distortion, while viscous dissipation arises dispersion. In addition, it is found that not exploiting the parameters properly might lead to numerical issues or unphysical growth of the amplitude. These results demonstrate the necessity of balancing nonlinearity and dissipation to derive realistic and stable results. In summary, this research contributes significantly to the understanding nonlinear acoustic effects and presents a flexible computational framework for future studies in high-velocity fluid settings.
Allan Jay S. Cajandig
The study investigates the effectiveness of the Cultural CyberMath System (CCMS), a culturally embedded cyber learning environment grounded in the 5I’s learning path (Impress–Identify–Inspire–Inspect–Invoke), in enhancing students’ mathematical creativity. Drawing on gaps in technology enhanced, culturally responsive mathematics education, the study focuses on three indicators of creativity: fluency, flexibility, and originality. A quasi experimental pretest–posttest control group design was implemented with 62 first year hospitality management students enrolled in Mathematics in the Modern World at a Philippine state university, randomly assigned by class to an experimental group (CCMS) and a control group (contextualized blended instruction). Mathematical creativity was measured using a validated, rubric scored Mathematical Creativity Test composed of open ended, multiple solution tasks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANCOVA with pretest scores as covariates. Results showed substantial gains in fluency, flexibility, and originality in both groups, with no significant differences in posttest fluency and flexibility. However, CCMS produced a statistically higher level of originality, indicating stronger support for generating uncommon and innovative solutions. Overall, the findings position CCMS as a viable alternative to contextualized blended instruction for fostering broad mathematical creativity, with added value for originality, and highlight the potential of culturally grounded cyber learning designs to cultivate creative mathematical thinking.
Dr. Chukwu Sunday
This article examines the tensions and complementarities between customary justice systems and formal court institutions in the context of rural conflict resolution. In many developing societies, particularly in Africa, rural populations rely heavily on customary mechanisms due to their accessibility, cultural relevance, and cost-effectiveness, while formal courts remain distant, expensive, and procedurally complex. The study adopts a doctrinal and comparative analytical approach to explore how these dual systems operate, the challenges they face, and the implications for justice delivery. Drawing on the framework of legal pluralism and insights from restorative justice theory, the paper argues that neither system, in isolation, sufficiently addresses the justice needs of rural communities. Customary systems, although flexible and community oriented, are often criticized for lacking codification and, at times, failing to uphold universally recognized human rights standards. Conversely, formal courts provide legal certainty and procedural safeguards but are hindered by delays, high costs, and limited rural reach. The article further evaluates case studies from Nigeria and other African jurisdictions to highlight both successful and problematic interactions between the two systems. It concludes that a pragmatic and context-sensitive integration of customary and formal justice mechanisms offers the most viable path toward effective rural conflict resolution. The paper recommends legal recognition of customary institutions, capacity building, and the establishment of hybrid dispute resolution frameworks that uphold fairness, accessibility, and human rights.
Nandita Mahanta, Pragnya Paramita Das
The current study aims at evaluating the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater and its associate geochemical processes occur in different aquifer system in Kaniha Block of Angul District, Odisha, using graphical techniques, multivariate statistical techniques and ionic ratio analysis. The study is carried out by using 81 groundwater samples during premonsoon season. The groundwater in the study area is mostly alkaline, with moderately hard to hard. The order of dominance of the chemical parameters in the study area is Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+ and HCO3->Cl-> SO42->NO3- respectively. The analysed data were plotted in Piper-trilinear, and Gibbs diagrams for the evaluation of hydrochemical facies and the geochemical processes responsible for the water chemistry. The water chemistry of the study area is varied from Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3- type to Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl- type which controlled by rock-water interactions with the influence of evaporation, particularly in a shallow aquifer. The impact of mineral weathering and ion exchange reactions within the aquifer system is confirmed by Gibbs plots, molar ratios, bivariate plots, and chloro-alkaline indices (CAI-I & CAI-II). This study also utilizes chemometric methods (Correlation Coefficient, Principal component Analysis, Hierarchical cluster analysis) to explore the geochemical evolution and the key factors influence the groundwater chemistry. Three major processes, such as anthropogenic carbonate-sulphate dissolution, ion exchange with silicate weathering, and geogenic fluoride enrichment, which account for a total of 73.72% of groundwater chemistry variance, were extracted using Principal component analysis. Cluster analysis was performed to classify the parameters based on key hydrogeochemical processes occurring on the flow path.
Ananya C, Dr. E. Latha Mercy
In order to assess the steady state performance and dependability of the system, this project uses ETAP (version 19.0.1) software to offer load flow and fault studies of the industrial plant. The substation provides power to the facility (220/33 kV). This bus is connected to two transformers that feed Zone-I with a 25 MVA, 220/33 kV unit, and 60 MVA. A balanced load distribution and steady operation under typical circumstances are confirmed by the load flow simulation results, which show that all bus voltages stay within ±10% of their nominal values. The fault studies mimic single line-to-ground and three-phase faults at different bus locations in order to examine how the system responds to anomalous circumstances. Examined are the ensuing fault currents and bus voltages, especially during the sub-transient phase.
Raponzel C. Villaflor
This study was conducted to determine if significant relationships exist between dexterous support materials and cognitive and affective development of the learners according to teachers’ perceptions using the quantitative-descriptive and correlation methods. This was participated by 49 grade six teachers from the nine schools of San Roque District, Davao City. Results showed that the dexterous support materials in grade six curriculums was perceived evident in terms of printed materials, audio-visual and visual aids. The cognitive development and affective development of learners were also perceived evident. Therefore, significant relationship existed between dexterous support materials and students’ cognitive and affective development. It was also found out that dexterous support materials had significant influence to students’ cognitive and affective development
Bosede, W., Oladipupo, T.M.
This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with Cucurbita pepo leaf powder on growth performance, nutrient utilization, haematological indices, biochemical profile, and carcass composition of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. A total of 225 fingerlings with an average initial weight of 5.03 ± 0.05 g were randomly distributed into 15 tanks representing five dietary treatments with three replicates each over a 56-day feeding trial. Five isonitrogenous diets containing 40% crude protein were formulated with graded inclusion levels of C. pepo leaf powder at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/100 g diet. Fish fed diet CP4 (1.5 g/100 g) achieved the highest final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed intake, with the lowest feed conversion ratio, indicating improved feed efficiency. Polynomial regression estimated an optimum inclusion level of approximately 1.7 g/100 g diet. Haematological parameters including packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cells, and white blood cells increased significantly (P < 0.05) with supplementation, reflecting improved physiological and immune status in supplemented groups. These results demonstrate that dietary C. pepo leaf powder enhances physiological status and immune response. Biochemical indices such as total protein, albumin, globulin, and cholesterol were also improved in supplemented groups. Therefore, C. pepo leaf powder can serve as a sustainable and cost-effective phytogenic feed additive in aquaculture diets.
Dr. Ayushi Sharma
The rapid expansion of digital lending platforms has transformed credit delivery in India by improving accessibility, speed, and convenience. However, the growth of app-based and fintech-driven lending has also raised serious concerns regarding consumer protection, data privacy, transparency, and unethical recovery practices. In response, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced a series of regulatory measures aimed at strengthening oversight and safeguarding borrowers. This paper examines the evolution of digital lending regulations in India and evaluates their effectiveness in protecting consumers. Using a descriptive and analytical research design supported by secondary data and regulatory analysis, the study finds that while recent RBI guidelines have significantly improved transparency and accountability, gaps remain in enforcement, consumer awareness, and grievance redressal mechanisms. The paper concludes with policy suggestions to enhance consumer protection in India’s digital lending ecosystem.
Cyril Abioye Charles OLOWOYEYE
The expansion of digitally mediated communication has significantly transformed how meaning is constructed, negotiated, and interpreted. This paper argues that classical pragmatic frameworks, largely developed for face-to-face interaction, are insufficient for explaining communication in contemporary digital environments such as WhatsApp, X, and TikTok. Drawing on digital discourse studies and pragmatic theory, the paper reconceptualises context, speaker intention, and interpretation as dynamic, multimodal, and technologically mediated processes. Using illustrative examples from Nigerian and global online interactions, it demonstrates how emojis, memes, silence, and algorithmic systems function as pragmatic resources. The paper proposes an integrative model of digital pragmatics that foregrounds platform affordances, sociocultural knowledge, and distributed audiences. The study contributes to ongoing debates in pragmatics, digital linguistics, and language pedagogy by offering a framework for understanding meaning-making in digitally networked communication.
Iin Susilawati, Rifqi Muzakki Razzaq, Ujang Hidayat Tanuwiria
This study aims to determine the effect of various ratios of corn stover (Zea mays) and Red Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) on pH, Bacterial Population, Protozoa, and Methane Gas in silage as an indicator of fermentation quality. This study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: P1 (90% corn stover + 10% Red Calliandra), P2 (80 corn stover + 20% Red Calliandra), P3 (70% corn stover + 30% Red Calliandra), and P4 (60% corn stover + 40% Red Calliandra). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that variations in the ratio of corn stover and red Calliandra did not significantly affect the bacterial population (3.17–3.352 × 10⁹ Cell/mL) and methane production (5.55–6.141 mM) (P > 0.05). In contrast, the protozoa population significantly affected by the treatment (4.23–5.332 × 10⁵ cells/mL) and rumen pH significantly affected by the treatment (6.836–6.888) (P ≤ 0.05) with the addition of red Calliandra. All measured parameters remained within normal conditions, indicating stable rumen fermentation conditions. Although the differences in methane production and bacterial populations between treatments were not statistically significant, treatment P4 tended to show decreased methane production. These findings suggest that the combination of corn stover and red Calliandra up to a ratio of 60:40 is feasible to maintain the balance of rumen fermentation, with the potential to improve fermentation efficiency and reduce methane production. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm these results under practical feeding conditions.
Dr. Catherine Nguku, PhD, Dr. Rose Otieno, PhD, Malayi, Wattyson Alex
Drug rehabilitation facilities aim to provide a supportive environment for drug addicts’ commitment to sobriety. In Uasin Gishu County, there is a serious relapse among individuals who have gone through rehabilitation programs. The study sought to assess the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in developing commitment to sobriety among clients in selected rehabilitation centres in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study was guided by Cognitive behavioral theory. It employed a convergent parallel mixed methods design. The target population was 95 rehabilitees receiving rehabilitation from different rehabilitation centers in Uasin Gishu County. Census Survey was used to select the respondents. Questionnaire, Interview Guide and Observation gathering tools were used to collect data. The reliability and validity of research instruments were tested through pilot study. Quantitative data from the questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data used a thematic analysis strategy to identify themes. The study results indicate that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy interventions significantly enhanced clients’ commitment to sobriety by improving emotional regulation, trigger management, cognitive restructuring, and coping skills development. Effectiveness was measured based on clients’ perceptions of improved coping skills, emotional regulation, trigger management, cognitive restructuring, and commitment to maintaining sobriety. The study concludes that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an effective evidence-based intervention for enhancing clients’ commitment to sobriety and supporting sustained recovery from substance use. The study recommends strengthening CBT-based interventions in rehabilitation centres through enhanced coping-skills training and continuous psychosocial support.
Dr. Bindiya Rahi Singh
As the Title Suggests, The Waste Land is an Area Where Nothing can Survive and Lose its Original Form, and Where People have Forgotten Their Social Duties Due To Their Involvement in the Materialistic World. They do not have Their Own Feelings and Emotions; in Spite of This, They Satisfy Only Their Own Self-Centered Desires, and Cultural Crises are the Main Point of Destruction. To Explain This Statement, John Xiros Cooper has Rightly Said That, Eliot’s Exploitation of Both Religious and Mythological Materials in the Poem has Often Been Cited as the Principal Factor in Marking the Poem’s Deeper Level of Thematic Unity. The Poem’s Scatter, however Cannot be so Easily Worked Out. The Dispersed or Horizontal Structure of the Text, the College Like Character of the Assemblage of Materials, Points; it is Said, To Eliot’s Critique of Modern Society. Fragmented, Emptied of Value, Sterile, the Modern Wasteland is Reflected in the Poem’s Artful Disarray. But at a Deeper Level, Eliot’s Fertility Symbolism and the End Wining of the Pagans (Tiresias, Cumean Sibyl, Adonis) and Christian (Grail, St Augustine, Dante) Materials Yield, so the Argument Goes, a Familiar, Compound Narrative That Moves From Experiential Failure, Guilt, Purgatorial, Suffering, and the Hope (but The Fact of Spiritual Rebirth… the Figure of Tiresias is Also the Product of a Highly Imaginative Cutting and Splicing of Given Mythological Materials. The Insistence of Critics on the Mythological Solution To the Poems Scatter can Probably be Set Down To Nostalgia For a Lost Unity, the Very Idea That the Poem Itself Seems To be Marking Out as the Central Failing of Modernity (Modernism and the Culture of Market Society 213) The Waste Land is a long poem by Thomas Stearns Eliot, and widely regarded as one of the most important poems of the 20th century and a central work of Modernist Poetry that published in 1922, contained 434-line (The Waste Land Web) poem first appeared in the United Kingdom in the October issue of under the journal The Criterion and in the United States in the November issue of The Dial. It was published in book form in December 1922. Among its famous phrases are April is the cruellest month, I will show you fear in a handful of dust", and the hindi mantra in the Sanskrit language with three pious words of self meditation Shantih Shantih Shantih
Aviral Pandey, Dr. Lakshmi Dhevi B, Navya Kumar
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves Large Language Models (LLMs) by using external documents to support their answers. However, baseline RAG architectures are limited by single-modality retrieval, fixed-size chunking, and lack of hallucination monitoring. This paper introduces an advanced hybrid RAG framework for multi-document question answering, enhancing retrieval quality, contextual coherence, and response fidelity.The proposed system combines FAISS’s dense semantic retrieval with BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5 embeddings and BM25Okapi’s sparse lexical retrieval. Reciprocal Rank Fusion (RRF) combines results from both modalities to improve recall without changing any parameters. A semantic chunking strategy is introduced to keep the meaning of documents. This strategy uses sentence-level embeddings and percentile-based breakpoint detection to adaptively split documents. A cross-encoder reranker (ms-marco-MiniLM-L-12-v2) is used to improve the relevance scoring of the retrieved candidates.To mitigate hallucination without additional computational overhead, a reference-free faithfulness score is calculated by comparing the cosine similarity of generated responses to retrieved context embeddings. A multiprovider LLM abstraction layer makes sure that different cloud models are all based on the same things. The system is evaluated using Recall@K, Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR), Precision@K, faithfulness score, and end-to-end latency. This shows that it is better at retrieving information and generating grounded information than dense-only baselines.
Francis, Akoma Victor, Ibeh, Nkiruka Joy, Nwandieze, Fortune Onyedikachi, Ogbu, Eucharia Chinagolum, Okoye Emeka Obiora, Onwubuta, C. Godspower, Oritsebinone, Esther Imoh
The laboratory environment presents unique and compounded challenges related to ergonomics and safety. Technicians and scientists are exposed to repetitive strain injuries from pipetting and microscopy, physical fatigue from handling heavy equipment, and significant chemical, biological, and physical hazards. The emergence of wearable technology offers a paradigm shift in how these challenges are managed. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the ergonomic and safety impacts of wearable devices, such as smart glasses and exoskeletons, within the laboratory setting. It explores how smart glasses enhance safety awareness by providing hands-free access to Safety Data Sheets (SDS), enabling remote expert guidance, and improving procedural accuracy, thereby reducing human error. Concurrently, the paper examines the role of exoskeletons in mitigating ergonomic risks by providing physical support during tasks like lifting heavy containers or maintaining static postures, potentially reducing the incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Case study evidence indicates a 15% time saving per test and reduced documentation errors with smart glasses, as well as decreased shoulder muscle activity with upper‑body exoskeletons. However, the integration of these technologies is not without drawbacks. This analysis also addresses critical challenges, including initial cost, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, potential for new forms of distraction, the ergonomic design of the wearables themselves, and the need for robust training protocols. The paper concludes that while wearable technology holds immense promise for creating safer and more ergonomically sound laboratories, its successful implementation requires a careful, risk‑assessed approach that balances technological benefits with pragmatic considerations of cost, usability, and human factors.
Dr. S.V. Pradeepa, Vijaylaxmi Obaiah Konkala
This study examines the impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) analytics on organizational productivity and business performance through a secondary research approach. ERP analytics refers to the use of data analysis, reporting tools, and real-time information within ERP systems to support better decision-making and improve business operations. The study is based on previously published journals, research papers, and scholarly articles collected from sources such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore between 2000 and 2024. The findings show that ERP analytics improves organizational efficiency through better information quality, streamlined business processes, improved coordination, and faster decision-making. The research also highlights important success factors such as business process re-engineering, system quality, management support, employee training, and user satisfaction. In addition, factors like firm size, industry type, and ERP usage duration influence organizational performance outcomes. The study also identifies challenges including high implementation costs, resistance to change, and system integration difficulties. Using the Resource-Based View (RBV) framework, the research concludes that ERP analytics can enhance productivity and competitive advantage when technology is effectively aligned with organizational goals, people, and business processes
ADESANYA Adetola Joel, AYOADE Akintayo Michael, Folarin Israel Bolaji
Background: Semantic search, driven by deep learning models like BERT and Sentence-BERT (SBERT), has greatly improved information retrieval. It has shifted from matching keywords to capturing the context of search and user intent. However, to evaluate how effective these systems are, traditional system-focused metrics such as precision, recall, Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR), and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) are still used. These metrics do not adequately reflect user experience. They often overlook important behavioral and contextual factors such as user engagement, search satisfaction, relevance perception, and interaction quality in real-world environments. This review examines existing evaluation metrics for deep learning-based semantic search. It identifies their strengths and limitations, as well as how well they capture real-world user satisfaction. It also explores helpful ways to incorporate user-centered approaches into the evaluation of these systems. Method: A critical review approach was used, synthesizing literature from 2020 to 2025 across databases like IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies on semantic search evaluation, deep learning-based retrieval, and user-centered metrics were thematically analyzed for information. The reviewed studies were selected using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the analysis categorized evaluation methods into traditional and user-centered approaches. Findings: The review finds that while traditional metrics provide reproducibility and comparability, they fail to capture important aspects of user experience such as clarity, usability, and satisfaction. Emerging user-oriented alternatives like click-through rates, dwell time, and satisfaction surveys offer valuable insights, but they remain secondary, fragmented, and lack standardization. The review highlights an ongoing gap between the leaderboard performance of search systems and their real-world utility. The review further reveals that many high-performing semantic retrieval systems achieve strong benchmark scores while still failing to fully satisfy users in practical search scenarios. Conclusion: Semantic search evaluation must change from traditional, system-focused measures to hybrid metrics that integrate algorithmic precision with user-centered awareness. By combining these traditional metrics with behavioral signals and subjective feedback, future evaluation methods can ensure that semantic search systems are not only technically sound but also practical, usable, and satisfying for end-users. The study therefore recommends the development of standardized hybrid evaluation frameworks capable of balancing retrieval accuracy with measurable user experience indicators.
Himanshu Yadav, Nitesh Prasad Sah, Shivani
Good Clinical Practice (GCP) serves as the ethical and scientific foundation for conducting clinical trials involving human participants. Over the last decade, clinical research has undergone remarkable transformation due to globalization, technological advancement, decentralized trial models, and evolving regulatory expectations. Modern clinical trials increasingly rely on digital technologies, electronic data systems, artificial intelligence, and remote patient monitoring, creating both opportunities and challenges for researchers and regulatory authorities. Key concerns include increasing protocol complexity, participant safety, informed consent in digital environments, data integrity, cybersecurity, and harmonisation of international regulations. Recent updates in International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, particularly ICH E6(R3), emphasize risk-based quality management and patient-centered approaches to clinical research. This review discusses the current challenges in implementing GCP, recent regulatory developments, and future perspectives shaping contemporary clinical trials. Understanding these evolving trends is essential for ensuring ethical conduct, regulatory compliance, and high-quality clinical research.
Dr. V. Bhikshma, Podeti Anil
Concrete is the most widely used construction material due to its high compressive strength, durability, availability and economy. However, conventional concrete contains capillary pores, micro-cracks and weak interfacial transition zones, which reduce its mechanical and durability performance. In recent years, graphene oxide has been studied as an effective nano-material for improving cement-based composites because of its high specific surface area, two-dimensional sheet structure and oxygen-containing functional groups. The present study investigates the effect of graphene oxide on the fresh, mechanical and durability properties of M20, M30 and M40 grade concrete. Graphene oxide was added in different dosages of 0%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075% and 0.1% by weight of cement. The workability of fresh concrete was evaluated using slump and compaction factor tests. Hardened concrete properties were studied using compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength tests. In addition, durability-related performance was assessed through water absorption, water permeability and acid attack resistance tests. The results showed that the addition of graphene oxide improved the mechanical strength of concrete compared with the control mix. The maximum compressive strength for M20, M30 and M40 grade concrete was observed at 0.05% graphene oxide dosage. However, workability decreased with increasing graphene oxide content due to its high surface area and water demand. The durability performance also improved at optimum dosage due to pore refinement and densification of the cement matrix. The study confirms that graphene oxide can be used as a promising nano-additive in concrete, but proper dispersion, dosage control and cost feasibility must be considered for practical construction applications.
Alphonsus Nyajo, Dorcas Ngoyem Kwamande, Elizabeth N, Jeiyol, Fanen Terdoo, John Terwase Semaka, Monday Onah Akpegi, Tracy Iveren Kile
This study explored the effectiveness of post-flood Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of 286 respondents conducted in eight flood-prone communities in Makurdi was complemented by the Delphi technique involving 15 WASH experts from government and non-governmental organizations. The results identified heavy rainfall, blocked drainage systems, and unregulated urban development as the major causes of flooding. Housing destruction, public health risks, and community displacement recorded the highest Delphi mean score of 4.00, with public health risks achieving 82% agreement among experts. Short-term reactive and tactical emergency interventions such as water treatment stations, emergency sanitation facilities, and PHAST programmes were rated “Very Effective,” recording 83%, 84%, and 85% agreement, respectively. The study recommends integrated flood management and strengthened rapid-response WASH interventions in flood-prone communities to improve public health outcomes, disaster preparedness, and community resilience.
Dr. J. Sudhakar, I. Raphael Zebulon Rosario, Mr. T. Mano Prathik, S. Jayachithira, V. Anandha Vigneshwaran
Retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma are among the leading causes of vision impairment and blindness worldwide. Early detection and timely treatment are essential to prevent irreversible damage and improve patient outcomes. This project, EYESIGHT AI, presents an intelligent deep learning-based system designed for the automated detection and classification of retinal diseases using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images. The proposed system utilizes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to effectively extract complex features from retinal images and accurately identify disease patterns. Prior to model processing, OCT images undergo preprocessing techniques including contrast enhancement and noise reduction to improve image quality and ensure better feature extraction. The enhanced images are then passed through the trained CNN model for classification into different retinal disease categories. To enhance usability and real-world applicability, the system is integrated with a Django-based web interface that allows healthcare professionals to easily upload OCT images and obtain diagnostic predictions in a user-friendly environment. The model is trained and evaluated on standard retinal image datasets, demonstrating reliable performance and high accuracy in disease classification. Overall, EYESIGHT AI serves as a supportive diagnostic tool that can assist medical practitioners in early detection and clinical decision-making. By reducing diagnostic time and improving accuracy, the system contributes to more efficient and accessible eye care, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Bee Jess W. Capoy, Chirrel D. Asoque, Christian Dave A. Bumagat, Marilou C. Diana, Sharon Rose P. Toledo
This study examined the financial stewardship practices in public schools in Region XI using a descriptive quantitative research design. Specifically, it assessed practices in terms of budget planning, financial transparency, accountability, resource utilization efficiency, and financial monitoring and control. Data were collected from selected respondents using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Findings revealed that financial stewardship practices were implemented at a moderate extent, with an overall mean of 2.87. Among the indicators, budget planning obtained the highest mean, while financial transparency and resource utilization efficiency were rated lower. The results indicate that while financial management practices are present, they are not consistently or fully implemented across schools. Variability in responses further suggests inconsistencies in financial practices. The study concludes that there is a need to strengthen financial stewardship practices in public schools through enhanced training, improved transparency mechanisms, and stronger monitoring systems. Based on the findings, a Financial Management Enhancement Program was proposed to address identified gaps. The study contributes to the field of educational management by providing empirical evidence on financial practices and offering practical interventions for improving school financial governance.
Dr. M Vinayaka Murthy, Madhulika
One of the biggest challenges faced by to-day’s healthcare system is the reliance on legacy systems which rely on paper-based data storage systems. Health practitioners tend to document critical details such as medication, lab reports, and discharge information manu¬ally within the current fragmented system. In the absence of an integrated digital system, there would be increased workload among clinicians to enter data manually. Manual data entry is prone to error as the process can be exhausting for clinicians and involves legible writing. To address this persistent challenge within our healthcare system, we present an intelligent system called CareTrack. In essence, the architecture of this prototype levarage the use of multimodal vision transformers along with a large language model. Most notably, it adopts the technique of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) that supports contextual understanding of the medical record in question instead of basic text recognition. When tested on various medical documents, the results were highly encouraging. In particular, the proposed model was able to score 98.
Miss. Kale Rajeshri Avinash, Miss. Nagargoje Pratiksha, Miss. Telore Ashwini, Mr. Bhalsing Mahesh Diliprao, Mr. Rasane Somnath Arun
Herbal soaps are gaining attention as safe and natural alternatives to conventional soaps. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a herbal soap using Neem (Azadirachta indica), Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum), and Ritha (Sapindus mukorossi) extracts. A vegetable-based, unscented soap base was used, enriched with coconut oil and glycerin for moisturizing, and rose water and vitamin E for fragrance and antioxidant protection. The soap was evaluated for physical, chemical, functional, organoleptic, and biological properties, including pH, texture, lathering, foam stability, moisturizing effect, spreadability, stability, antimicrobial activity, and saponin content. The formulated soap exhibited a smooth appearance, firm texture, skin-friendly pH, effective foaming, moisturizing effect, and antimicrobial activity. Stability studies confirmed no significant changes under room and accelerated conditions. The results demonstrate that the developed herbal soap is safe, effective, and suitable for daily skincare, providing a natural and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic soaps.
Pooran Chandra Pande
The fast growth and application of technology and AI (artificial intelligence) in India have led to a lot of changes when it comes to freedom of expression, which is guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a) of the Indian constitution. For our study, we will be examining the influence of technology that utilizes AI, such as social media algorithms, on freedom of expression in this digital era. Although the use of AI technology guarantees freedom of information and freedom to create content, it presents certain challenges as well. The connection between the right to freedom of expression and restrictions that have been put in place in Article 19(2) will be critically analysed in this study. Another issue that will be considered in this research is that of governance in an age when AI is increasingly being used to monitor and filter messages on the Internet. Some of the issues that will be analysed in this study include accountability, due process, and the chilling effect. With regard to the theory of jurisprudence of the constitutionalizing of law in India in light of the analysis done on artificial intelligence, it can be seen that the regulation of artificial intelligence is essential as far as the aspect of rights is concerned to ensure that there is justice, accountability, and transparency in the process of automation. In conclusion, there are some normative guidelines suggested by the study.
Genelyn R. Baluyos, Georsie T. Sevilla
Inclusive, equitable, and quality education requires deliberate attention to foundational factors like gender equality and family-school partnerships, particularly within under-resourced rural settings. This study investigated the relationship between gender equality, parental involvement, and the perceived quality of education in secondary schools under the Labason District Cluster 5 in Zamboanga del Norte, during the School Year 2024–2025. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, with 107 teachers and 254 students. Data were gathered using structured, validated questionnaires and subsequently analyzed using Mean, Standard Deviation, Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation, and Multiple Linear Regression. Key findings revealed very high overall perceptions of gender equality, and quality of education, and a high level of perceived parental involvement. Significant positive correlations were identified, particularly between gender equality constructs such as school culture and policies and student outcomes. Regression analysis revealed that gender equality was a significant predictor of perceived quality education, whereas parental involvement was not a significant predictor in the combined model. Institutionalizing gender-responsive practices is a direct and crucial strategy for enhancing educational quality as perceived by stakeholders. School leaders may prioritize the strengthening of gender-sensitive curricula, and teacher training, while also designing targeted strategies to deepen the educational impact of parental engagement.
Lezabbey Bariton Cletus
Environmental degradation in Ogoni, largely driven by decades of oil exploration in the Niger Delta, has significantly undermined local livelihoods and intensified socio-economic conflicts. While remediation initiatives particularly those influenced by the United Nations Environment Programme report and implemented through the Hydrocarbon Pollution Remediation Project aim to restore the environment, limited attention has been given to gender-inclusive approaches. This paper examines gender mainstreaming as a strategic tool for enhancing livelihood outcomes and fostering conflict resolution in Ogoni. Adopting a qualitative and analytical methodology, the study draws on feminist political ecology, sustainable livelihoods, and conflict transformation frameworks to interrogate the intersection between gender, environment, and peacebuilding. The findings reveal that women, despite being disproportionately affected by environmental degradation, remain largely marginalized in remediation planning and implementation. However, where gender-inclusive strategies are adopted, there is notable improvement in household income, community participation, and grassroots conflict mediation. The study argues that integrating gender perspectives into environmental remediation not only promotes equity but also strengthens social cohesion and sustainability. It concludes that effective gender mainstreaming can serve as a catalyst for inclusive development and durable peace in Ogoni. The paper recommends the institutionalization of gender-responsive policies, increased capacity-building for women, and inclusive governance mechanisms to ensure that remediation efforts achieve both ecological restoration and socio-economic transformation.
M. Sulthan Ibrahim, Z. Abdul Basith
Glaucoma typically goes misdiagnosed until later stages, making it a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, due to its asymptomatic onset. In order to overcome this clinical barrier, we suggest a unique deep learning framework that combines fundamental indicators from multimodal retinal imaging with important clinical risk issues in a way that allows for the early, precise, and comprehensible diagnosis of glaucoma. We developed a multimodal convolutional neural network guided by a clinician that simultaneously develops fundus images, clinical variables (intraocular pressure, age, family history, and ethnicity), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans (including B-scans and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness maps). The model employs a constrained attention-based fusion mechanism informed by European Glaucoma Society guidelines to arrange ophthalmologically relevant features. The framework was estimated on a rigorously annotated pilot cohort of 10 South Indian patients (5 primary open-angle glaucoma cases, 5 healthy controls) from a tertiary eye care center in Chennai. Ground truth was established by consensus of two fellowship-trained glaucoma specialists using comprehensive clinical evaluation per Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson criteria and Humphrey visual ground testing. Performance was assessed via leave-two-out cross-validation with 95% confidence intervals estimated through 1,000 bootstrap iterations. Our model achieved 90% accuracy (95% CI: 78–97%), 100% sensitivity (95% CI: 92–100%), 80% specificity (95% CI: 64–92%), and an AUC-ROC of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.88–0.99)—outperforming unimodal baselines (fundus-only AUC = 0.88; OCT-only AUC = 0.90) and a late-fusion ensemble (AUC = 0.91). Ablation studies confirmed that integrating clinical metadata improved accuracy by 5 percentage points and reduced error rates by 50%. Grad-CAM visualizations demonstrated anatomically plausible attention patterns aligned with known glaucomatous damage zones (e.g., inferior/superior neuroretinal rim and RNFL thinning). This work presents three key innovations: (1) the first deep learning architecture for glaucoma that embeds clinician-specified constraints into the multimodal fusion process, ensuring diagnostic reasoning aligns with established ophthalmological principles; (2) a proof-of-concept showing that domain-informed merging of fundus, OCT, and clinical information produces performance that approaches inter-specialist agreement levels even with incredibly low data (n=10); and (3) an understandable, non-black-box design that directly connects model choices to pathophysiologically significant biomarkers, removing a significant obstacle to the therapeutic use of AI in ophthalmology.
West Michael Ibinabo
This article examines the interconnections between godfatherism, the weaponization of state institutions, and the achievement of political goals in Nigeria’s democratic landscape. Godfatherism, understood as a system of patron-client relationships in which influential political actors sponsor and control candidates, has become a defining feature of Nigerian politics. The study argues that this phenomenon significantly contributes to the manipulation and instrumental use of state institutions including the judiciary, electoral bodies, security agencies, and anti-corruption institutions for partisan and personal objectives. Through a qualitative and analytical approach, relying on secondary data and existing literature, the paper demonstrates how political elites deploy institutional mechanisms to secure electoral victories, suppress opposition, and consolidate power. This dynamic undermines democratic norms, erodes institutional integrity, and weakens public trust in governance structures. The article further highlights the implications of these practices for political stability, rule of law, and sustainable development in Nigeria. While the study provides a robust conceptual and theoretical analysis, it identifies a gap in empirical validation within existing scholarship. Consequently, it recommends that future research adopt mixed-methods approaches, integrating quantitative surveys and qualitative case studies, to provide more comprehensive and evidence-based insights into the phenomenon. The paper concludes by advocating for institutional reforms, enhanced accountability mechanisms, and civic engagement as essential steps toward mitigating the adverse effects of godfatherism and restoring democratic governance in Nigeria.
B. Vinitha, G. Selvakumar, R. Lavanya
Naphthol Blue Black is an organic contaminant that is produced by the wood, textile, and dye industries. Many studies have been undertaken to investigate the cleanup of Naphthol Blue Black from industrial effluents. SrO nanoparticles are now being utilized to remove Naphthol Blue Black colours from water. We used a green synthesis to create strontium oxide nanoparticles for photocatalytic NBB breakdown under light conditions. To enhance the solar light activity and avoid charge recombination, we employed a green synthesis from albizia amara leaves extract to add Ni as a dopant in strontium oxide nanoparticles. Strong base NaOH, nickel nitrate, and strontium nitrate were used as precursors. The nanoparticles were crushed into powder and calcined at 450 °C in a muffle furnace to produce SrO and Ni-doped SrO nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were analysed using several analytical methods to determine their morphological and structural properties. At 309, 312, and 317 nm, UV-Vis spectroscopy showed absorbance values of SrO doped with nickel. The Ni–O stretching peak was identified in the FTIR analysis of strontium oxide nanoparticles at 402 cm-1 and 581 cm-1 , whereas the Sr–O bond gave a signal at 854.84 cm-1 . SEM images of Ni-doped SrO nanoparticles were created at various magnifications. The nanostrips are hexagonal and cylindrical. Sherrer's equation was used to compute the average crystalline structure, which showed that the diameters of pure and Ni-doped SrO nanoparticles were 44.84 and 42.93 nm. According to the EDX examination, Ni-doped SrO is about 70 % Sr and oxygen, with around 1.34 %Ni. The resulting sample was tested for photocatalytic degradation of Naphthol Blue Black, and the completion of the reaction was monitored using UV-visible spectroscopy to measure the % photocatalytic degradation during light illumination. According to the UV-visible spectra, 90% of the dye was effectively destroyed.
Fredselin R.S. Vithel, S.R. Cynthia
Sulphamic acid (SA) and L-methionine added sulphamic acid crystals (LMSA) were grown by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The Single crystal XRD studies revealed that the grown crystals possessed orthorhombic crystal structure. The presence of various functional modes was confirmed by RAMAN analysis. The EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of L-methionine in the grown LMSA crystal. The surface morphology of crystals was studied. The larger size crystals revealed the excellent crystallinity. The stability of the crystals was ascertained from thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The third order nonlinear refractive index, nonlinear absorption coefficient and third order optical susceptibility were calculated by the Z-scan technique.
Juliana Rosmidah Binti Jaafar, Most Rumana Aktar
Human-centric skills such as critical thinking, creativity, and collaboration are increasingly recognized as essential competencies in contemporary education. Teachers play a crucial role in translating these competencies into classroom practice, particularly in resource-constrained rural contexts. However, limited research has examined how these skills are enacted in rural science classrooms, especially regarding the interaction between teacher practices and institutional constraints. This study investigates how science teachers in rural secondary schools in Bangladesh foster human-centric skills development and how institutional factors shape their pedagogical practices. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory and the 21st Century Skills Framework, the study employed a qualitative multiple case study design within an interpretivist paradigm. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations with eight purposively selected teachers across four rural schools. Thematic analysis, following Braun and Clarke’s approach, was used to identify recurring patterns and contextual barriers in instructional practices. Findings indicate that teachers adopt adaptive and student-centred strategies to support students’ autonomy, competence, and relatedness despite structural constraints such as limited resources and rigid curricula. The study highlights teacher agency as a critical factor in navigating institutional challenges and offers context-sensitive implications for policy and practice in rural science education.
Dr. Chima Onyebuchi Okoro, Dr. Collins Uchechukwu Anya, Dr. Nwabueze Michael Anosike, Godson Kelechi
This study examined identification and impact assessment of factors influencing cost performance of construction project delivery in Nigeria. The study is guided by two objectives, two research questions and two null hypotheses tested at a 0.05 level of significance. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The study population comprised 800 construction professionals, including quantity surveyors, architects, engineers, builders, and project managers, with a sample size of 421 respondents. A multi stage sampling technique involving stratified and simple random sampling was used to ensure fair representation. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire designed in sections to address the study variables. Face and content validation of the instrument was carried out by experts in construction management and related fields. The reliability of the instrument was determined using the Cronbach Alpha method through a pilot study, yielding an acceptable coefficient above 0.70. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, mean and standard deviation, to answer the research questions, and inferential statistics, one way analysis of variance, to test the null hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that economic and financial-related factors such as unstable economic conditions, economic recession, material price fluctuations, high land acquisition costs, and payment delays as major determinants of cost performance across Rivers, Imo, and Abia States, and these factors had a strong effect on budget adherence and project success. The study further revealed that there were no significant differences in the views of respondents. Based on the findings, recommends that construction stakeholders in Rivers, Imo, and Abia States should adopt effective project planning, realistic budgeting, and strong risk and cost management practices to reduce the impact of economic, managerial, technical, and institutional factors affecting construction cost performance.
Calvin.B, Dr. Ranjith Kumar. S
India has witnessed a remarkable shift toward a digitally oriented economy, driven largely by the rapid expansion and acceptance of digital payment modes such as UPI, mobile wallets, and internet banking services. In this context, the present study seeks to examine the influence of these digital payment systems on consumers’ spending and saving behaviour. The study is based on primary data collected from 280 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Further, the analysis is framed using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to understand how perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness shape consumer behavioural responses toward digital payments. The findings indicate that digital payment platforms provide substantial benefits in terms of convenience, accessibility, efficiency, and financial inclusion. However, the study also reveals that the ease and seamless nature of digital transactions can contribute to impulsive spending behaviour, as such transactions involve comparatively lower psychological barriers and require minimal physical effort. At the same time, the research highlights the need for greater financial literacy and appropriate policy interventions to ensure that the growing adoption of digital payment systems promotes responsible financial practices alongside economic convenience.
Mohammed Inuwa Dauda, Mustapha Yusuf Kabara, Phillips Panotani Asaph
Using panel data from 46 Sub-Saharan Countries, this study employed Descriptives statistics, Correlation, Bound test for cointegration, Panel ARDL analysis to analysed the data by examining how health outcomes affect economic performance in Sub-Saharan. The study was motivated by the growing recognition that health is an important component of human capital development and a critical determinant of productivity, labor efficiency, and sustainable economic growth. Despite various healthcare reforms and increased investments in the health sector across the region, many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa continue to experience poor health outcomes, including low life expectancy and high under-five mortality rates, which may hinder economic performance. Against this background, the study investigated the extent to which selected health outcome indicators influence economic growth in the region. The findings indicates that life expectancy, under-five mortality, health expenditure and Population have significant impact on economic growth. The study recommends among others that Authorities in Sub-Saharan Africa should place more emphasis on measurable improvements in life expectancy and reductions in under-five mortality by adopting targeted, high-impact health interventions.
Abiodun Olakunle Isreal, Adenekan Olujide Adeyinka, Adesiji Oladunni Philip
This study reports the development and pilot evaluation of an Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based fingerprint attendance system at Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Nigeria. The system was designed to automate attendance monitoring and investigate its relationship with students’ academic performance, thereby addressing the inefficiencies and susceptibility to manipulation associated with manual roll-call methods. By integrating biometric fingerprint authentication with real-time cloud-based data storage, the system ensured accurate, secure, and tamper-resistant attendance records. The implementation was carried out over one academic semester across three engineering departments (Computer Engineering, Electrical/Electronics, and Mechanical Engineering), involving two hundred (200) students and ten (10) academic staff. Attendance data were captured using IoT-enabled fingerprint devices, while academic performance indicators were derived from quizzes, assignments, and examinations. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics alongside inferential techniques, including Pearson correlation, linear regression, and one-way ANOVA. The results revealed mean attendance rates of 85.4%, 78.2%, and 92.1% across the respective departments, with corresponding average academic scores of 75.6%, 68.3%, and 81.2%. A statistically significant and strong positive correlation (p = 0.001) was observed between attendance and academic performance. Regression analysis further established attendance as a significant predictor of academic outcomes, while ANOVA findings indicated that students with high attendance accounted for a substantial proportion (71.3%) of performance variance. In conclusion, the system significantly improved student engagement and established a reliable linkage between attendance and academic outcomes, thereby strengthening academic accountability. Although minor network and device-related constraints were encountered, the results offer a solid basis for extended validation across diverse, multi-institutional educational environments.
Gurjinder Singh, Hasandeep Singh, Kritika Dogra, Rakesh Kumar
Punjab houses a rich, though increasingly threatened, set of medicinal plants that support traditional healthcare, rural livelihoods and a growing herbal industry. This review synthesizes ethnobotanical records, regional agricultural assessments, and pharmacological literature to present an overview of the most important medicinal species cultivated or collected in Punjab (India), their traditional uses, phytochemistry, therapeutic evidence, cultivation/adoption status, and conservation/marketing challenges. Major focal species are Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), Tinosporacordifolia (giloy), Azadirachtaindica (neem), Ocimum sanctum (tulsi), Phyllanthus emblica (amla) and Aloe vera — all of which feature in Punjab’s agro-ecology, markets and traditional medicine. Recommendations include targeted agronomic extension, value-chain linkages between farmers and herbal processors, germplasm conservation, and research priorities to standardize quality and ensure sustainable use.
Dr J.M.O. Tukei, Simaya Ladu James
This study investigates the influence of monetary incentives on health workers' performance in Yei River County, South Sudan. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 133 health workers selected from a population of 200 across 18 health facilities. Data was collected using Self-administered questionnaires, to assess motivational factors and performance outcomes. Quantitative analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, regression analysis, and ANOVA was used. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.361, p = 0.002) indicates a moderate, statistically significant positive relationship between monetary incentives and health worker performance. The regression model demonstrated that monetary incentives explain approximately 13% (R² = 0.130, p = 0.002) of the variance in performance, confirming their significant influence. The ANOVA table indicate p = 0.002, further validated the model’s significance. Key challenges identified include inadequate and uneven distribution of incentives, lack of support such as housing and allowances, and poor policy review processes, leading to demotivation among health workers. The study findings highlight that financial rewards such as salaries, allowances, and performance-based incentives significantly influence motivation and service delivery, although support factors like accommodation and meals have limited impact. The study recommends implementing equitable, performance-driven incentive schemes and expanding benefits to all health workers to enhance motivation, reduce turnover, and improve healthcare outcomes. Overall, the results underscore the importance of structured monetary incentives in motivating health workers within resource-limited health systems.
Ben Nyongesa, Job Wamalwa
This study investigates the influence of social context on code-switching (CS) among multilingual speakers in Kenyan marketplaces, with a specific focus on interactions in mid-sized markets in Bungoma County. While CS has been widely examined in global and African sociolinguistic scholarship, existing research has not sufficiently explored how moment-to-moment social variables shape switching patterns within naturally occurring commercial encounters. This study addresses that gap by integrating insights from Myers-Scotton’s Markedness Model and Gumperz’s Interactional Sociolinguistics to examine CS as both a strategic and interactional practice. Anchored in an interpretive paradigm, the research employs a qualitative, discourse-analytic ethnographic design to capture naturalistic data in authentic marketplace interactions. Purposive and convenience sampling are used to select bilingual sellers and their interactions with customers. Data collection relies on audio recordings of spontaneous buying-selling exchanges, supplemented by stimulated recall interviews, field notes, and brief demographic questionnaires. These methods enable triangulation and access to both the observable linguistic behavior and participants’ insider perspectives on their language choices. Data analysis follows a systematic, iterative process involving transcription, coding, categorization, and thematic interpretation. Code-switches are identified and classified by type, and their relationship to social context variables—such as negotiation phases, participant familiarity, and perceived customer status—is examined. Communicative functions, including referential, persuasive, directive, and expressive uses, are analyzed through both thematic coding and close discourse analysis. This combined approach illuminates how CS functions as a contextualization cue that shapes and reflects the unfolding dynamics of commercial interactions. Code-switching is systematic and socially motivated. It is not random but strategically deployed to achieve transactional and relational goals. The study found out that language choice indexes power and solidarity. Sellers use English to assert authority and local languages to foster community ties. Different phases of buying–selling interactions demand different linguistic resources. With regard to identity construction, speakers perform multiple identities through code-switching, balancing modernity (English) with cultural authenticity (Lubukusu/Kiswahili). In general, market discourse reflects broader sociolinguistic realities by blending of languages in everyday transactions mirrors Kenya’s multilingual ecology and the coexistence of global and local identities.
Dr. S. Nancy Lima Christy, K Sai Kiran Reddy, M Pavan Kumar Reddy, P Bala Yashwanth Reddy
Career planning plays a critical role in a person's ultimate success within their profession. Traditional career counselling approaches are usually generalised and therefore may not adequately address the individual's needs - making it difficult to come up with proper career decisions. This can lead to confusion, inefficient skill development, and limited job opportunities. This paper presents INSPIROSCOPE, a machine learning (ML) and data analytics-based approach to delivering personalized career recommendations through an Artificial Intelligence (AI) framework. INSPIROSCOPE analyses an individual's profile, which includes their skills/experience, level of education, interests, and additional factors such as trends within specific industries, and supply and demand within the labour force. This analysis is performed using predictor models as well as looking for trends across a number of variables. With INSPIROSCOPE, individuals are able to make an informed career choice based on data, thereby improving their chances of aligning their skills to what specific industries require. Additionally, INSPIROSCOPE provides individuals with a greater likelihood of successfully pursuing their personal and professional development through on-going education and ultimately enhancing their career development through intelligent and customised suggestions.
Chukwu Sunday
Nigeria continues to face complex and persistent security challenges ranging from communal clashes and ethnic tensions to insurgency and resource-based conflicts. Despite the dominance of formal security institutions such as the police, military, and judiciary, these frameworks often struggle with issues of legitimacy, accessibility, and cultural disconnect. This article examines the potential for integrating indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms into modern security frameworks as a strategy for enhancing sustainable peace and social cohesion. Drawing on theoretical insights from legal pluralism, restorative justice, and African communitarian thought, the study adopts a qualitative and analytical approach to explore the structures, principles, and practices of indigenous systems across various Nigerian communities. It argues that indigenous mechanisms characterized by mediation, consensus-building, and restorative outcomes offer context-sensitive and community-driven approaches to conflict management. The paper further identifies areas of convergence between traditional practices and formal institutions, proposing hybrid models that incorporate local actors into community policing, alternative dispute resolution, and justice administration. However, it also highlights critical challenges, including constitutional limitations, human rights concerns, and risks of elite manipulation. The study concludes that a carefully structured integration, supported by legal reforms and institutional safeguards, can bridge the gap between formal and informal systems, thereby improving trust, efficiency, and effectiveness in Nigeria’s security architecture. Ultimately, the article contributes to ongoing debates on culturally grounded approaches to governance and conflict resolution in pluralistic societies.
Can Gönenli, Kutay Baycu
In this study, high-filled polyethylene (PE)-based masterbatch formulations containing inorganic calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) at concentrations ranging from 72 to 81 wt.% were manufactured using an industrial-scale twin-screw extruder. To mitigate the rheological challenges associated with high filler loadings, specifically increased melt viscosity and particle agglomeration, a hybrid interfacial modifier system comprising calcium and zinc stearate was incorporated into the compounding process. This additive system was maintained at a fixed concentration of 1.2 wt.% to systematically evaluate its influence on both extrusion process stability and the optical characteristics of the final composite material.
Mohamed Rasick Ameer Ajwath
This paper examines how Islamic intellectual and ethical traditions can contribute to shaping the future of global values in an era marked by moral uncertainty, epistemic fragmentation, and competing visions of justice. Contemporary global discourse—often structured around frameworks such as human rights, liberal governance, and sustainability—has achieved broad normative influence, yet continues to face criticism for its limited cultural inclusivity and uneven global application. In response, this study revisits key Islamic concepts, including ʿadl (justice), ʿilm (knowledge), and maṣlaḥah (public good), to explore their relevance within current global debates. Adopting a qualitative and analytically grounded approach, the paper draws on classical and contemporary Islamic intellectual traditions to examine how these concepts have historically informed legal, ethical, and institutional practices. It further situates these principles within ongoing discussions on global ethics, governance, and knowledge production, highlighting both convergences and tensions between Islamic perspectives and dominant global paradigms. The analysis demonstrates that ʿadl offers a substantive and ethically grounded conception of justice that extends beyond procedural equality, emphasizing moral accountability and social balance. Similarly, maṣlaḥah functions as a flexible yet principled framework for addressing evolving societal needs, particularly in the context of public policy and global development. In addition, Islamic approaches to knowledge integrate reason, ethical responsibility, and purpose, presenting an alternative to purely instrumental models of knowledge that often characterize contemporary systems. By situating Islamic thought within broader global conversations, this paper argues that Islamic ethical traditions are not merely reactive to modernity but actively contribute to shaping its moral foundations. It ultimately proposes a dialogical framework through which Islamic values can engage constructively with global ethical systems, fostering more inclusive, pluralistic, and context-sensitive approaches to shared global challenges.
Abhishek Sharma
The integration of theatre into educational systems has increasingly gained attention as educators and researchers seek pedagogical methods that promote holistic learning. Theatre-based education extends beyond conventional classroom instruction by encouraging creativity, emotional intelligence, communication skills, critical thinking, collaboration, and cultural awareness. This research paper examines the role of theatre in holistic education and explores how performance-based pedagogy contributes to cognitive, emotional, social, and ethical development among learners. Drawing upon interdisciplinary literature from education, psychology, performance studies, and pedagogy, the paper analyzes the transformative potential of theatre practices in schools, colleges, and community learning environments. Findings suggest that theatre education significantly enhances learner engagement, empathy, self-confidence, and participatory learning. The paper concludes that integrating theatre into mainstream education contributes to the development of well-rounded individuals prepared for the challenges of contemporary society.
Rodrigo Jr. D. Petrola
This study assessed the implementation of the Gender and Development (GAD) Program in Dagupan City Jail. It specifically examined the level of implementation in terms of livelihood and skills programs, educational programs, and health information and education programs. The study also identified the challenges encountered in implementing these initiatives, determined whether a significant relationship exists between the level of implementation and the challenges encountered, and examined whether there is a significant difference between the responses of jail personnel and Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL). The study employed a quantitative descriptive research design. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire that was validated by experts in the field. The respondents consisted of 200 individuals from Dagupan City Jail, including 100 jail personnel and 100 PDL. The gathered data were analyzed using the weighted mean, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient. The findings revealed that the GAD Program in Dagupan City Jail is highly implemented across the three areas examined: livelihood and skills programs (3.81), educational programs (3.76), and health information and education programs (3.70). Moreover, the results indicated that respondents generally disagreed that the identified factors posed significant challenges in the implementation of the program, suggesting that the availability of resources, partnerships with external agencies, and participation of PDL are generally adequate. The findings further emphasize the importance of sustaining collaborations with partner agencies, maintaining continuous program support, and strengthening gender-responsive initiatives within correctional institutions. Overall, the study concludes that the GAD Program in Dagupan City Jail is effectively implemented and plays a significant role in promoting the rehabilitation, welfare, and empowerment of Persons Deprived of Liberty while supporting gender-responsive correctional management.
Adenike Oluwakemi Ogah. M, Elizabeth Edigwu Ogah, James-Aaron Ogah
Background Sustaining a high rate of adherence to exclusive breastfeeding may be challenging in resource constrained setting. This study established the levels of exclusive breastfeeding, alternate feeding patterns, health and growth impacts, among 10 weeks old infants in a remote, understudied village in East Africa. Subject and methods This was a secondary cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort data. Data of 457 out of the 529 mother- newborn pairs recruited from birth were obtained and analysed at 10 weeks post- delivery in the postnatal clinic. Infant feeding patterns were recorded and anthropometry were measured and assessed using NICE criteria for static weight growth. Mothers were interviewed using the Edinburgh postpartum depression score to assess emotional status. Both parametric and non-parametric statistics and binary logistic regression model were applied to examine the relationship between maternal/infant characteristics, feeding patterns and infant weight growth. The results were presented in p-values, Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.
Le Thi Giao Chi, Nguyen Hoang Nhi
Academic writing has always been a challenge for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, particularly at the tertiary level where lexical accuracy and appropriateness are essential. Among the most recurring difficulties, lexical errors emerge as indicators of gaps in vocabulary knowledge and instability within learners’ interlanguage systems. Despite growing interest in L2 writing, relatively few studies have examined lexical errors in authentic, school-based contexts. This study investigates patterns of lexical errors in a learner corpus comprising 40 argumentative essays written by English majors at a public university in Vietnam. Adopting a descriptive, corpus-based approach, the analysis draws on a taxonomy adapted from Llach (2005), categorizing errors into semantic, syntactic, orthographic, and pragmatic types, with further distinction between interlingual and intralingual influences. The findings reveal that orthographic errors are the most prevalent, and that intralingual errors significantly outnumber those attributable to L1 transfer. These patterns indicate that learners’ difficulties are primarily developmental, reflecting incomplete lexical representations and unstable form-meaning mappings. The results further point to limited consolidation of word forms, morphological patterns, and context-appropriate usage. These findings highlight the need for pedagogical approaches that prioritize lexical stability through systematic vocabulary instruction with emphasis on morphological awareness, orthographic regularities, and contextualized lexical repertoire. Addressing these underlying dimensions of lexical competence may contribute to reducing recurrent errors and enhancing both the accuracy and fluency of academic writing in EFL contexts.
Monika Garg, Swechcha Roy
Buildings account for a significant share of global carbon emissions, yet comprehensive lifecycle frameworks for assessing their full environmental impact remain limited in the Indian context. The study evaluates the environmental impact of a residential building in the lower region of north India. This case specific framework integrates life cycle assessment (LCA) in terms of operational energy analysis, embodied energy accounting, and carbon emission estimation. A detailed material and energy inventory was compiled, with embodied energy coefficients and emission factors sourced from peer-reviewed literature. Results indicate that the operational stage dominates the building's carbon profile, contributing 73% of total lifecycle emissions driven primarily by occupant metabolic CO₂ and electricity consumption. The total carbon footprint is estimated at 12.77 million kg CO₂ equivalent, with brick and reinforced cement concrete identified as the most energy and emission intensive materials. Three mitigation strategies were evaluated: replacing grid electricity with photovoltaic panels reduces electricity related emissions by 96%; substituting LPG with kitchen waste biogas achieves a 15.6% reduction in cooking emissions; and plantation of 90 mature trees enables full carbon sequestration. Collectively, these measures reduce the building's lifetime emissions by approximately 38%. The proposed framework offers a replicable, case specific approach to carbon assessment and mitigation planning, applicable to other residential buildings seeking to align with sustainable construction goals.
Jehcel L. Balayo, Ph. D
This study explored the lived experiences of Alternative Learning System (ALS) teachers in the Fourth District of Iloilo using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. ALS teachers operate in complex and resource-limited non-formal education settings where they assume multiple roles beyond instruction, including community engagement, learner support, and coordination with stakeholders. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with purposively selected participants, the study generated rich narrative data that were analyzed using thematic interpretation. Findings revealed five essential themes of coping and resilience: (1) resilience rooted in a strong sense of calling and moral purpose, (2) learner-centered empathy as an emotional coping mechanism, (3) adaptive coping through experiential learning and acceptance of non-traditional teaching roles, (4) professional growth through reflective practice and innovation in constrained environments, and (5) hope-driven resilience anchored in belief in learners’ second chances and transformation. The results show that ALS teachers’ resilience is multidimensional, shaped by purpose, relational engagement, adaptation, continuous learning, and future-oriented hope. The study concludes that resilience in ALS is not only an individual trait, but a lived, evolving process embedded in the realities of non-formal education. These insights highlight the need for strengthened institutional support, professional development, and psychosocial interventions to sustain ALS teachers’ well-being and effectiveness.
Edwin Osoro, Vincent Kibet
Background: In the dynamic technological environment, telehealth platforms experience growing vulnerability risks that originate from increased connectivity and adoption. Intelligent threat detection methods, such as machine learning, promise rapid responses to manage complex data and device assets supporting life-critical care services prone to cybersecurity challenges. Methods: Six databases, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL, were searched to retrieve studies for performance metrics comparisons. A systematic literature review identified 4220 studies, of which 18 were selected for machine learning cybersecurity approaches applied in telehealth environments. The methodology was strengthened through screening, risk-of-bias assessments, the CASP Qualitative Checklist (2019), and the Keele et al. (2007) accumulated list, with adherence to PRISMA guidelines. Results: Among the reviewed studies, 38.9% focused on supervised learning techniques, unsupervised learning methods at 21.74%, deep learning, at 22% and reinforcement learning at 13.04%. Conclusions: This study's findings supported upgrading to machine learning security implementations, immediate investments, and indispensable improvements for telehealth ecosystems to safeguard against increasing data breaches and service-disruption threats that endanger patient safety and care delivery services.
Dr. Bindu V V, Ms. Aleena P & Anju Pramod T V
Mangroves are one of the most productive and valuable coastal ecosystems, providing significant ecological, economic, and social benefits. In recent years, mangrove-based ecotourism has emerged as a sustainable approach to generate income for local communities while promoting environmental conservation. This project aims to study the potential of mangrove-based ecotourism in generating revenue among the local community while ensuring environmental sustainability. It also examines the major challenges faced by mangrove ecosystems due to human encroachment such as land reclamation, waste disposal, and unplanned developmental activities. Further, the study attempts to understand the role of the local community and government in the protection and conservation of mangroves. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered among local residents, while secondary data were gathered from books, journals, government reports, and official websites. The findings reveal that mangrove-based ecotourism has significant potential to enhance local livelihoods and create employment opportunities when managed sustainably. However, inadequate awareness, weak enforcement of regulations, and increasing human pressure pose serious threats to mangrove ecosystems. The study highlights the importance of community participation, government support, and effective policy implementation in achieving sustainable mangrove conservation. The project concludes that a balanced approach integrating ecotourism development and environmental protection is essential for the long-term sustainability of mangrove ecosystems and local economic development.
Dr Joshua Matanda, Dr Kimani E. Maina, Rhoda Wambui Kariuki
The study examined the relationship between marketing strategies and the financial performance of five-star hotels in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The variables investigated in the study included the adoption of digital marketing, segmentation, brand positioning, and loyalty programs, with other variables included in the analysis being the quality of service, customer satisfaction, competitiveness strategy, and economic environment. The research design was a mixed-methods design, which involved secondary data gathered hand in hand with primary data of 7 hotel managers and 70 customers. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were used to analyse data. The results indicated that the marketing strategies are strongly associated with financial performance, and the strongest positive correlation with financial performance was between digital marketing (r = 0.85), brand positioning (r = 0.87), and loyalty programs (r = 0.88). Primary data revealed that the majority of the respondents (85 and 92, respectively) stated that they actively utilize social media marketing and that digital marketing helped to generate more revenue. The results of the SEM also supported that loyalty program (β = 0.41) and digital marketing (β = 0.38) showed the best predictive values and all the variables were statistically significant. The research concludes that integrated marketing strategies play a vital role as determinants of financial performance in the hospitality industry. The study recommended that in the future more investment in data analytics should occur, a wider range of categories and regions of the hotels should be included in the research and more sophisticated methods of analytical techniques should be used. The research results are relevant to theory and practice as they have a context-specific understanding of marketing-performance relationships in emerging markets.
Frolaine L. Yap, Maed, Rogar R. Garcia, Edd
Student science engagement is declining. The significance of the mediating effect of classroom climate on the correlation between academic adaptability student science engagement was examined. Using predictive research design, involving 200 students selected through simple random sampling, and analyzing the data using Mediation analysis, the result showed classroom climate partially and moderately mediates the link between academic adaptability and student science engagement, supporting Social Cognitive Theory. Future studies should explore additional variables and qualitative insights to explain the remaining variance, while educational leaders should strengthen classroom climate programs to further enhance the effect of academic adaptability on student science engagement.
Bildad Awere, Daniel Mishael Masetu
This comparative research work investigated the issues of independence, political interference and institutional capture on anti-corruption agencies (ACAs) in Malawi, Nigeria and Kenya using a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework. Though the enabling legislation is strong in all the three ACAs, the results indicate that their practical autonomy is highly disenfranchised by structural, political and resource-related shortcomings. The Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) in Malawi has a strong investigative law enforcement mandate that still relies on the Director of Public Prosecutions to conduct a prosecution, which presents a standing susceptibility of being subject to political pressure. The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) in Nigeria has the broadest legal jurisdiction, including the ability to conduct internal investigations and prosecute, but is severely limited by the executive branch which dictates who gets leadership positions, which cases to prosecute and the severity of the prosecution. An advantage of the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission of Kenya (EACC) is that the country has a strong legal system; however, it is evident that the force and its agencies are spread across a chain of command which is disjointed making it slow and open to bargaining with politics. Political interference is found to be a characteristic drawback in all three nations and impacts case proceedings, investigation resolution and political stability. These are manifested in different ways-procedural interference in Malawi, overt executive influence in Nigeria and decentralised political pressure in Kenya, but the effects are the same weakened impartiality, selective enforcement and stalled high-profile cases. Political settlements, elite networks and bureaucratic fragmentation also give rise to institutional capture of each ACA. These dynamics have a significant adverse effect on performance in enforcing the functions and on trust by the population. The research finds that the legal systems are not sufficient as assurance of ACA autonomy. The performance against corruption requires the political insulation, stable budgets, simplified mandate and greater prosecutorial independence. The results are relevant to comparative studies of anti-corruption practices because they show that political and institutional environment affects ACA performance of states in the Third World.
Dr. M. Arulkumaran MS, MRCS, DA(Professor), Dr. V. M. K. Ayesha Reshma (Postgraduate)
Background: Uterine perforation and extra-uterine migration of intrauterine devices (IUDs) are uncommon complications. Migration to the anterior abdominal wall is extremely rare, with only sporadic reports in the literature. Case presentation: We report a 22 year-old woman who presented with one month history of pain and discharge from the umblicus. She had a history of Copper T insertion three years earlier. Clinical examination revealed a firm, non-tender swelling in the lower anterior abdominal wall. Ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated a T-shaped metallic foreign body located in the anterior abdominal wall, superficial to the rectus sheath. The device was successfully retrieved through a diagnostic laparoscopy followed by open omphalectomy. The postoperative period was uneventful. Conclusion: Migration of a Copper T to the anterior abdominal wall is an exceptionally rare occurrence. Missing IUD threads should prompt evaluation for migration. A combination of ultrasound, X-ray, and CT scan aids accurate localization. Surgical retrieval, either laparoscopic or open, remains the definitive management.
Alvin S. Yap, Maed, John Mart Elesio, Edd2
Cultural adaptation is a challenge among teachers in foreign countries. We explored the perceptions of Filipino science teachers in adapting to the American education system. Using a descriptive qualitative design, we interviewed ten (10) teachers whom we selected using a purposive sampling technique, and we analyzed their perceptions through thematic analysis. Consequently, we found that Filipino teachers adapt to new workplace structures in U.S. education by strategically preserving their heritage values while adjusting communication styles, language use, and professional practices. Through a combination of cultural grounding, institutional support, and adaptive coping mechanisms, they effectively navigate structural separation and evolving pedagogical demands. The study highlights that structured institutional support—through mentorship, targeted professional development, credential recognition, and workload adjustments—is critical in facilitating Filipino teachers’ effective transition into the U.S. educational system. Finally, future research may examine long-term cultural adaptation, the impact of support networks, comparative migrant experiences, and the effectiveness of targeted professional development in addressing Filipino teachers’ integration challenges.
Aastha Binzani
The emergence of outer space as a key arena of competition in the ongoing geopolitical rivalry between the United States and China has raised serious concerns for space security, while also resulting in an intensification of competition between the two powers to shape the rules and norms for the governance of the domain. The changing geopolitical dynamics have led to strategic concerns among Middle Powers in space, namely, the European Union (EU), India, and Japan, resulting in a reconfiguration of their space policies, postures, and partnerships as they seek to deal with the implications of Great Power competition in space and safeguard their interests. In examining their evolving space strategies, the paper argues that the emerging security dilemma(s) in outer space, fueled by great power rivalry, have pushed these powers to place greater emphasis on the security dimension of space. Additionally, it has also led them to adopt a much more proactive and participatory stance in the ongoing contest for influence over rules and norms for space governance. Ultimately, the paper contends that the transition to a multi-polar space order intersecting with Great Power competition has not only intensified militarisation and weaponisation of outer space but has also hampered efforts at formulating international rules and norms for space governance.
Aishwarya Sharma, Diksha Shekhar, Rudra Roshan
The paper critically observes plea bargaining as a key characteristic of modern criminal justice administration and analyses it evolution from a historically discouraged practice to an accepted mechanism of ‘negotiated justice’. The study looks at how rising caseloads, procedural delays and administrative pressures have helped to institutionalise plea bargaining in modern legal system. The paper provides a systematic review of the various types of plea arrangements such as charge bargaining. Sentence bargaining and fact bargaining. It also covers the strategic value of special pleas such as Alford Plea and Nolo contendere. Particular attention is paid to why defendants accept plea bargains, including the impact of the “trial penalty”, the prospect of defendants receiving significantly more severe sentences after trial than through a plea bargain. The research paper provides a comparative analysis of the United States and India to understand the nature and extent of judicial oversight of plea bargaining. The study explores the evolution of plea bargaining in India through the amendments in the code of criminal procedure in 2005 and its continuation in the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The American system provides for a wider scope of prosecutorial discretion while the Indian framework is comparatively restrictive and restorative through mutually satisfactory dispositions and statutory safeguards. The Plea Bargaining contributes to judicial efficiency and the reduction of case backlog. However, the research concludes that the Plea bargaining continues to raise concerns about coercion, unequal bargaining power and socio-economic disparities. Accordingly, the paper proposes a more robust form of judicial scrutiny, transparent procedures and effective legal aid mechanisms to ensure fairness and protection pf constitutional rights within negotiated justice systems.
Abiodun Sodamade, Dupe Lydia Abiona, Oluwayemi Olanike Esther Onawumi
Plants and their derivatives are essential to human and animal lives. They are used traditionally to treat various diseases. Crinum jagus (Amarylidaceae) plant is one of such plants. It is employed in the treatment of asthma, mental related illnesses, inflammation, diverse forms of convulsion etc. The most commonly used part of Crinum jagus plant for medicinal purposes is the bulb. Convulsive syncope is characterized by a sudden temporary loss of consciousness and involuntary muscle jerk due to reduced supply of oxygen to the brain. It is not the same as epilepsy, which normally occurs as a result of sudden electrical surge in the brain, but was reported to have cardivascular origin cause, and also leads to higher short-term mortality than epilepsy. This study screened Crinum jagus bulb crude aqueous extract for its phytochemicals namely alkaloids, saponnin, flavonoid, terpenoids, tannins, anthraquinones, phenols, steroids, cardiac glycosides, oxalates, and phytate; and also evaluated its antioxidant activity using different standard methods, in order to evaluate its anti-convulsive syncope potential as its being used locally. The results of the study revealed that Crinum jagus bulb is very rich in phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and tannins. The terpenoids, oxalates, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, anthroquinone, and phytates were also present in appreciable proportion needed to support its anti-convulsive syncope property. The extract also displayed significant antioxidant activity in each of the different methods used, which also compliments its potential as an anti-convulsive syncope agent. Thus, Crinum jagus bulb crude aqueous extract could be developed into a potent anti-convulsive syncope agent that will be cheaper and readily available for the masses.
West Michael Ibinabo
Political patronage remains a defining feature of Nigeria’s political landscape, shaping both governance outcomes and the trajectory of political stability. This article critically examines the complex relationship between political patronage and political stability in Nigeria, interrogating whether patronage serves as a mechanism for cohesion or a catalyst for systemic fragility. Drawing on qualitative analysis and existing literature, the study situates patronage within broader frameworks of clientelism, prebendalism, and elite bargaining. It argues that while political patronage can foster short-term stability by facilitating elite consensus, resource distribution, and political inclusion, it simultaneously undermines institutional integrity, promotes corruption, and entrenches socio-economic inequality. The paper further explores how patronage networks influence electoral processes, weaken democratic accountability, and contribute to political violence, thereby threatening long-term stability. By examining both its functional and dysfunctional dimensions, the study highlights the dualistic nature of patronage as both a stabilizing and destabilizing force within Nigeria’s political system. The analysis also considers the structural conditions such as economic dependency on state resources and weak institutional frameworks that sustain patronage practices. In addressing prospects, the article emphasizes the need for comprehensive institutional reforms, including strengthening anti-corruption mechanisms, promoting meritocratic governance, and enhancing electoral transparency. It contends that transitioning from patronage-based politics to programmatic and ideology-driven political engagement is essential for sustainable democratic stability. Ultimately, the study contributes to ongoing debates in African political theory by offering a nuanced understanding of how informal political practices intersect with formal democratic institutions in shaping governance outcomes.
C. Gunasekaran, K. Sasikala, R. Mohammed Shahidh
Oxidative stress is a biological condition characterized by an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in living organisms. It is triggered by various factors, including environmental pollution, toxins, radiation. Prolonged accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body leads to several chronic pathological conditions. Natural plant-derived polyphenolic compounds act as potent antioxidants by enhancing endogenous defense system and scavenging ROS, thereby reducing cellular damage. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound found in peanuts and berries, is known for its strong antioxidant properties. In the present study, the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, was selected as an alternative model organism to evaluate the effects of resveratrol under oxidative stress conditions. DPPH scavenging activity, oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl) and cell viability were assessed in larvae oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ for 24 h, followed by topical post treated with resveratrol (1mM). In-vitro DPPH assay showed lower IC50 for resveratrol (16.24 µg/ml) than ascorbic acid (25.96 µg/ml), indicating stronger antioxidant activity. In-vivo, DPPH scavenging activity significantly increased after resveratrol treatment (87.83%) compared to control (83.13%) and stressed larvae (81.37%) at 48 h (p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels in stress-induced larvae compared to the control and resveratrol treated larvae (p < 0.001). MTT assay showed reduced cell viability in H₂O₂-exposed larvae, which was restored by resveratrol. Further studies are needed to elucidate genetic molecular mechanisms of resveratrol in preclinical models, at different concentration to ensure safety and minimize potential adverse effects.
Dr. Mukta Kumari
Cancer is one of the most challenging chronic diseases affecting millions of individuals across the world. Beyond physical suffering, cancer patients frequently experience severe psychological distress, emotional instability, social isolation, and financial burden. The present empirical study examines psychological distress, coping behavior, and quality of life among cancer patients receiving treatment at Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, Patna. The study was conducted on 120 respondents selected through purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using standardized psychological tools, structured questionnaires, interviews, and observation methods. The findings indicate that anxiety, depression, fear of death, emotional stress, and treatment-related uncertainty are highly prevalent among cancer patients. Coping behavior was significantly influenced by family support, socioeconomic status, education, and counseling services. Patients with positive coping strategies and stronger social support demonstrated better emotional adjustment and quality of life. The study highlights the importance of integrating psycho-oncology services, counseling programs, and emotional rehabilitation within cancer care systems. The findings contribute to the understanding of psychosocial dimensions of cancer treatment in Bihar and emphasize the need for holistic patient-centered healthcare approaches.
Felimon S. Caingcoy
This study examined public trust and perceived police legitimacy among residents of Barangay Estefania, Bacolod City, and identified key policing factors influencing these perceptions. A total of 400 respondents participated in the study using a validated questionnaire with high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.814–0.883). Results revealed very high levels of public trust (M = 4.70, SD = 0.30) and police legitimacy (M = 4.71, SD = 0.39), consistently observed across demographic groups. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a significant strong positive relationship between trust and legitimacy (r = 0.62, p < .01). Multiple regression analysis further revealed that professionalism and behavior were the strongest predictors of both public trust and legitimacy, followed by police visibility and crime prevention. The models explained 43% and 55% of the variance, respectively. Findings highlight that ethical conduct, fairness, visibility, and community engagement are critical determinants of effective policing. The study reinforces procedural justice theory, emphasizing that legitimacy is built not only through law enforcement outcomes but through respectful and transparent police-community interactions.
Dr. D.V.S. Ganapathi Raju
The education system is not a static factor rather objectively it is based on continuous evolution and progress as the human history progresses. This study critically examines the transformation of the Indian education system in the post-liberalization era, with particular attention to privatization, the dominance of STEM disciplines, and the marginalization of arts and humanities. It argues that contemporary discourse is shaped by two parallel tendencies: the commodification of education through market logic and the mythologization of ancient knowledge systems through exaggerated claims of scientific completeness. Using a qualitative and dialectical methodology, the study engages Panchagni Vidya from the Chandogya and Brihadaranyaka Upanishads as a process-oriented epistemological framework. The analysis demonstrates that the current crisis in Indian education is not merely structural but epistemic, rooted in fragmentation and loss of relational knowledge systems. The paper proposes that Panchagni Vidya offers a conceptual model for integrating scientific, philosophical, and ethical dimensions of learning. The study contributes to contemporary debates by presenting an alternative framework for holistic and interdisciplinary education grounded in Indian knowledge traditions without reducing them to technological claims.
Dr. Ayophika W. Pahsyntiew
Aim. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between Self-concept and Academic Achievement and also to find out the difference in Self-concept and Academic Achievement between male and female Higher Secondary Students. Methods. The descriptive survey method was used and the sample was collected by stratified random sampling. The participants consist of 112 Higher Secondary Students which consist of both male and female studying in Higher Secondary Schools in West Jaintia Hills District of Meghalaya. The material used for this study is a self-constructed and standardised Self-concept Scale. Appropriate statistical technique like t-test and correlation method was used for analysing the data.
K. Veeraramu, R. Swetha
This study analysed the retraction of scientific articles in neuroscience between 1977 and 2026. The Retraction Watch database was utilised as a source, and 1,244 formally retracted documents were selected for analysis. A comprehensive examination of the variables was conducted, encompassing the publication and retraction dates, author affiliation, country of publication and rationale for retraction. The findings indicated that the first retracted article was published in 1977 and the number of retracted papers where in single digit till 2006 (n=8) The number of retracted papers reached triple digit for the first time in 2021 (n=115) and a peak of 200 in 2023. It has been observed that the retractions in neuroscience were very low before 2000 and witnessed a gradual increase from 2005 to 2015. However, after reaching the peak in 2023, the trend sharply reversed, with the number of retracted articles falling to 115 in 2024 and 35 by 2025. China (n=438, 35.21%) represented the largest share of retracted publications, followed by the United States (n=370, 29.74%), and India (n=85, 6.75%). It has been observed that the top 10 countries either individually or with collaboration with other countries published 99.28% of the total retracted publications (n=1235) in the field of neuroscience. There were 986 single-country papers (79.26%) while 258 (20.74%) are multi-country papers which revealed that there is international collaboration in the field of neuroscience research. Retractions in neuroscience has been done by 491 journals and 15 conferences. The highest number of retractions was done by PLoS One (n=57). A large portion comes from major academic publishers like Elsevier, Springer Nature, and Wiley. The top 10 journals retracted 221 articles (17.77%) and Q2 journals retracted the highest (n=102) followed by Q3 journals (n=51), Q4 journals (n=38) and Q1 journals (n=30). The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA is the topper with the largest number of retracted publications (n=12) followed by North China University of Science and Technology, China (n=11), Central Michigan University, USA (n=10), Kobe Gakuin University, Japan (n=9) and University of Pennsylvania, USA (n=9). Of all the retractions, 286 out of 1244 articles were suspected of unreliable results, comprising 22.99% of the total retractions. This proportion was notably higher than that of other reasons viz., data concerns (n=237), image duplication (n=206), image issues (n=140), data fabrication/falsification (n=116) and paper mill (n=115). This clearly shows that data integrity issues such as unreliable results, data concerns are the biggest problem in neuroscience research. The findings of the study would be highly useful for the stakeholders in the field of neuroscience.
Aliza Shaikh, Divyal Vighe, Ms. Preethi Warrier, Sanika Patil, Yash Sawant
Tourist safety in unfamiliar urban environments remains a critical concern due to delayed emergency response, lack of continuous monitoring, and limited coordination between individuals and authorities. Existing solutions rely on basic alerts and static location sharing, limiting real-time effectiveness. This paper presents SAFE DAYS, a tourist safety and incident response system that integrates real-time geolocation tracking and dynamic geofencing to enhance situational awareness and emergency coordination. The system introduces dynamic safe zones that adapt to user movement, enabling improved risk detection. It supports live tracking, SOS alert generation, and real-time dashboard visualization for authorities. The platform is also deployed as a mobile application to improve accessibility. The system incorporates role-based access control, map- based visualization, and synchronized communication between users and authorities. Experimental results demonstrate reliable tracking, adaptive monitoring, and efficient alert propagation. SAFE DAYS provides a scalable solution for smart-city tourist safety systems.
Birgitte Krogh-Poulsen, Dr.Velpula Srinu, Prof.Saraswati Raju Iyer, Sari Tuulia Tolvanen, Vishwaja Rangannagari
The present article is an outcome of the research project entitled “Socio-economic Baseline Study of the Shrimp farming Communities in Andhra Pradesh, India” with an objective to understand the dynamics of the industry and their socio-economic structures and conditions. The major findings are used as a way forward to safeguard livelihoods in the shrimp industry in Andhra Pradesh. The findings were grouped into 6 themes namely, Economic Impact, Social Conditions, Environmental Impact, Challenges Faced by them, Government Initiatives and Support, and Future Prospects for ensuring sustainable farming practices. While the Shrimp farming in Andhra Pradesh play a vital role in the state’s economy, it also brings with it a whole range of socio-economic challenges. Against this background a descriptive research design with a mixed methodology framework which included qualitative and quantitative approaches was adopted on 200 sample respondents by using snowball sampling method which included 100 Shrimp farmers and 100 shrimp farm workers, participating in the survey component of the study to know how to Safeguard Livelihood Gains in Small-scale Shrimp Aquaculture. The study not only focused primarily on small-scale farms but also included information from respondents associated with large scale shrimp farms in four districts of Andhra Pradesh namely East Godavari, West Godavari, Guntur and Krishna. In addition, the study included Focus group Discussions (FGDs) and Key informant interviews (KIIs) with other farming community members: Farmers’ wives, young people, retired farmers and their spouses, community leaders, and education and health providers. The positive aspect of it is that it offers livelihood opportunities, the industry needs to address socio-economic and environmental concerns to ensure its long-term sustainability and improve their well-being. It is evident that along with the socioeconomic benefits, there are also negative consequences that require immediate attention as suggested in this paper.
Geraldine I. Ifeanyi, Peacemark Hammed
The last mile of healthcare logistics represents one of the most complex, costly, and critical segments of the healthcare supply chain. It directly influences the accessibility, timeliness, and reliability of essential medical supplies such as vaccines, blood products, pharmaceuticals, and diagnostic tools. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), and autonomous ground vehicles have significantly transformed this domain, enabling real-time decision-making, enhanced delivery efficiency, and improved healthcare outcomes. This literature review synthesizes current research on smart last-mile delivery systems in healthcare, focusing on the integration of AI-driven optimization, drone-enabled delivery, and autonomous vehicle technologies. It examines operational benefits, system architectures, challenges, and future directions, while highlighting the implications for global health equity and emergency preparedness.
Dr. Ronald Fernandez, Erjon Louise A. Dimailig, Geraldine Noveda, Kayc Jane V. Buenafe, Ms. Vivien Agustin
Modern higher education environments face significant challenges in student retention and academic progression due to the increasing complexity of specialized curricula. In the Philippine context, academic advising is traditionally a manual and reactive process, often leading to "choice paralysis" among students and delayed graduation. This study addresses these systemic inefficiencies by developing Smart Pathfinder, an AI-integrated platform designed to transition advising from a clerical task to a data-driven strategic intervention. The primary objective of this research was to engineer a proactive system capable of providing personalized course recommendations based on prerequisite logic, implementing real-time predictive risk analysis to identify at-risk students, and offering industry-aligned career guidance. The methodology followed a developmental research design integrated with an Agile Software Development Life Cycle, allowing for iterative refinement of the system’s core algorithms. The platform was built using a Python-based backend for machine learning logic and a MySQL database for secure student record management. System validation was conducted through rigorous functional testing and data accuracy verification across three core modules: Course Recommendation, Risk Analytics, and Career Mapping. Key results demonstrate that the system achieved 100% accuracy in prerequisite validation and successfully categorized students into high, moderate, and low-risk levels based on GPA fluctuations and historical performance trends. By visualizing academic health through institutional analytics dashboards, the system allows advisors to intervene as early as the fourth week of a semester. The study concludes that the integration of Artificial Intelligence into student support services significantly enhances institutional efficiency and reduces the administrative burden on faculty. Smart Pathfinder effectively bridges the gap between academic compliance and professional readiness, offering a scalable model for modernizing academic advising in Philippine Higher Education Institutions.
Ganiyu S. Mustapha, Mojisola F. Olugbemi, Rilwan O. Oliyide, Sakiru T. Kehinde
Traffic control lights have being in use for more than a century and are positioned at road intersections and pedestrian crossings to control the flow of traffic. The operation of traffic lights has been time-based and therefore open-loop in nature. The traffic lights only change state after and according to the pre-set time intervals irrespective of traffic situation. Today, the number of vehicles, the volume of traffic, and human activities have made time-controlled traffic lights inadequate in many situations. In this work, traffic lights that operate based on the volume of traffic, that is one with a feedback system or sensor is developed for a four-way road intersection. Sensors are placed at the different roads of the intersection to gather traffic information on the roads. The controller, Arduino in this work, coordinates signals from the sensors and controls the traffic lights intelligently such that priority is given to the busiest road of the intersection and emergency vehicles.
Dr. J. Sudhakar, P. Bharath, V. Arun Kumar, V. Arunesh. T
This paper presents a low-cost, non-invasive wearable system integrating electromyography (EMG)-controlled actuation with real-time vital sign monitoring for upper-limb rehabilitation, targeting hemiplegia patients. The platform uses surface EMG electrodes to detect muscle activity from the biceps or forearm, processed via Arduino UNO with filtering, auto-calibration (resting-to-max contraction), and dynamic thresholding to drive a high-torque (60 kg-cm) servo motor via nylon tendon cable, enabling smooth assistive movements. Concurrently, a MAX30102 sensor measures heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) through IR/RED photoplethysmography, while a DS18B20 provides precise body temperature readings.This system advances affordable human-machine interfaces for prosthetics, assistive robotics, and biomedical education, paving the way for wireless telemedicine integration. Hemiplegia and neuromuscular disorders impair voluntary motion in over 15 million patients annually, demanding affordable wearables that blend intuitive control with health monitoring. This study introduces an integrated, non-invasive biomedical system leveraging surface electromyography (EMG) for proportional servo actuation alongside real-time tracking of heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO₂), and temperature. EMG signals from biceps/forearm muscles are captured via three-electrode array, amplified at isolated 10V, and processed on Arduino UNO using rectification, low-pass filtering, and auto-calibration (3-5s rest/max contraction phases yielding dynamic thresholds, e.g., 20-120% baseline). Processed states (relaxed/active) drive a 60 kgcm metal-gear servo through nylon tendon-pulley for smooth elbow assistance, with home-return on relaxation.
Prof. Dr. Sunita Nambiyar
Access to reliable electricity for agricultural irrigation remains a critical but underexplored determinant of rural livelihood improvement in tribal India. While the benefits of rural electrification have been documented across India, evidence on its welfare impacts among Scheduled Tribe farming communities in water-scarce districts of western India remains scarce. This study examined the socio-economic impact of agricultural well electrification under Electricity Company’s URJA programme in Dahod district, Gujarat. A cross-sectional survey of 315 beneficiary farmers across eight villages was conducted using a structured interview schedule, with data analysed through descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis tests across income groups. Findings indicate that 73.1% of respondents reported substantial reductions in irrigation costs following the transition from diesel to electric pumping, and household income increased approximately threefold post-electrification. Crop diversity expanded markedly, from approximately two crops to between seven and ten, with farmers transitioning toward vegetables, horticulture, and floriculture. Significant variation in service satisfaction was observed across income groups, with lower-income farmers reporting disproportionately higher maintenance cost burdens. These findings demonstrate that targeted agricultural well electrification can deliver meaningful welfare gains for tribal smallholders, while highlighting the need for complementary support in maintenance access and value chain development to ensure equitable distribution of programme benefits.
Ahammod Hassan Naim, Al Shanta Islam, Dr. Raman Kumar Biswas Professor, Fatema Tujjohora Orpa, Gita Mistry Senior Officer, Hritika Das, Sadia Sarna
Floods are among the most frequent and devastating natural disasters worldwide, significantly disrupting livelihoods, economies, and ecosystems. The socio-economic consequences are severe, especially for rural populations dependent on agriculture in Bangladesh. This study investigates the socio-economic impacts of flooding along the banks of the Gorai River in Jhenaidah District, Bangladesh, with emphasis on post-flood management, community resilience, and recovery mechanisms. Using a mixed-method approach, primary data were collected through household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Results reveal that floods disproportionately affect agricultural productivity, livestock rearing, small businesses, and access to education and healthcare, with crop loss and financial damages being the most pronounced. Financial damages were considerable, with 48% of households reporting losses exceeding 50,000 BDT. The findings also highlight that flood preparedness measures are inadequate, early warning systems are weak, and recovery efforts are heavily reliant on government (52%) and NGO (33%) assistance, with limited community-driven initiatives. To minimize the river erosion, dual approach of river management need to implement focusing on both the physical infrastructure like use of Geo-bag, use of locally bamboo made Parko file, and community-led governance can reduce the river erosion. Permanent protection requires immediate action to halt illegal sand extraction, timely construction of robust embankments, geo-bags before the monsoon, and continuous river dredging to increase and maintain navigability. For the long term approach need to be aware of the local community for afforestation and construction authorities needs to be accountable and transparence for any construction work along the bank of the Gorai river. Despite significant short-term relief efforts, gaps remain in long-term resilience strategies, particularly in financial recovery, infrastructure rebuilding, and livelihood diversification. The study recommends strengthening localized flood preparedness, early warning systems, and community-based adaptation in enhancing resilience in the flood-prone regions of Jhenaidah district, Bangladesh.
Rajesh Kumar Maurya*
Within this article we shall try to find whether it is possible to have a formulae, and prove a formula for solutions of the equations of the form ax^α+bx^β+c=0 .Where a,b,c,α, β are real numbers and α>β. And we will get a formula with the help of Ramanujan's Master theorem.
Ephraim R. Afia, Idara N. Eton, Nsikakabasi I. Bassey, Paul P. Akpan
Gasoline spills constitute a persistent environmental and public health challenge in the Niger Delta, with Delta, Bayelsa Rivers and Akwa Ibom State, being particularly vulnerable due to its proximity to petroleum infrastructure and expanding fuel distribution activities. This review synthesizes spatial and temporal gasoline spill patterns, identifies key drivers, and evaluates environmental and health impacts. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and government/NGO repositories using predefined search terms (“Gasoline spill” AND “Niger Delta”). Studies were included if they focused on refined product spills, provided spatial/temporal data, or examined drivers/impacts. Quality assessment was performed using a standardized tool. Data from 25 eligible studies were extracted and synthesized qualitatively. A total of 432 gasoline spill incidents were recorded between 2007 and 2022, with a significant increase over the past decade. Delta State accounted for 73.4% of incidents, followed by Rivers (15.1%), Bayelsa (8.3%) and Akwa Ibom (3.2%). Pipeline sabotage (55.6%), equipment failure (21.1%) and human error (12.3%) were the leading causes. Environmental contamination occurred in 85.2% of incidents, while health impacts (respiratory problems, skin irritation) were reported in 42.1%. Hydrogeological conditions (shallow water tables, permeable soils, high rainfall) accelerate contaminant migration, and BTEX exceedances have been documented in groundwater near pipelines and fuel stations. Gasoline spills in the Niger Delta are increasing in frequency and are driven by infrastructure decay, sabotage, hydrogeological vulnerability, and governance gaps. Urgent infrastructure modernization, real time monitoring, community engagement, and stricter policy enforcement are required. By consolidating historical spill trends, causal factors, and impact pathways, this study provides strategic evidence base for policymakers, environmental managers, and researchers to design context-specific strategies that strengthen resilience and reduce gasoline spill occurrence in the Niger Delta.
Dr. Akhilesh Sahu, Dr. Murlidhar Kurrey, Dr. Nalini Bagarti
Churna preparations are an important and widely used form of Ayurvedic herbal formulations in India. These are prepared by mixing powdered form of single or mixture of several crude drugs meant to be dispensed as such. Churna is defined as a fine powder of drug or drugs in ayurvedic system of medicine. Drugs mentioned in patha are cleaned properly, dried thoroughly, pulverized and then sieved. The churna is free flowing and retains its potency for one year, if preserved in airtight containers. Churna formulations are similar to powder formulations in allopathic system of medicine. In recent days churna is formulated into tablets in order to fix the dose easily. These forms of medicament are prescribed generally because of their particle size. Smaller the particle size greater is the absorption rate from g.i.t and hence the greater is bioavailability. Aim of this article to give a detail account on some parameter use for standardization of churna.
Basake Julius, Sikitu Bashonga Justin, Wabomba Kadili
This study examined the impact of strategic supplier management practices and operational performance of commercial Banks in Juba, South Sudan. Based on the descriptive research design, data was collected from a sample of 164 respondents using questionnaire. Data was procecessed and analyzed with the aid of SPSS, using frequency counts, mean, standard deviation, correlation and multiple regression. Main finding of this study was trust-Based relationship and information sharing had a statistically significant relationship with Operational performance of commercial banks whereas supplier collaboration had a non-statistically significant relationship at 0.05 level of significance. The study concludes that strategic supplier management practices with its indicator of Trust based relationship, information sharing and supplier collaboration relationship factors have direct effect on operational performance of Commercial Banks. However, the overall model is significant at 95% level of significance with (F-value 5.188 and sig value 0.001), explaining up to 11.5% (R-squared=0.115) variation in operation performance of the bank. The study recommends that commercial Banks should strategically manage their supply base on the basis of value of spend or nature of items being purchased. This will enable the Banks to categorize its suppliers and thus proper treatment accorded to every supplier based on their importance.
Mae Ann S. Iligan
Integrating technology into Social Studies is seen as key to enhancing student learning and engagement, yet its impact on different engagement dimensions in developing regions is underexplored. This study investigated the level of student engagement in technology- enhanced Social Studies instruction and its relationship with the extent of technology integration among Grade 10 students in the District of Ilog I, Negros Occidental. Utilizing a quantitative descriptive- correlational research design, data were gathered from 158 students across two public secondary schools using a researcher- made Likert- scale questionnaire. The findings revealed an overall “High” level of student engagement, with cognitive and social dimensions rated as High, while behavioral and emotional engagement remained “Moderate”. Technology integration was rated at an “Advanced” level, primarily driven by the use of instructional platforms and digital learning resources. Correlation analysis using Pearson’s indicated a strong positive and statistically significant relationship between technology integration and student engagement, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. The study concludes that while advanced technology integration significantly boosts cognitive and social involvement, pedagogical strategies must be further refined to improve behavioral participation and emotional connection. Recommendations include providing continuous professional development for teachers and enhancing digital infrastructure to support more transformative and student- centered learning experiences.
Deepanjali Sahoo, Sadananda Nayak
Subarnapur and Balangir districts are two famous districts of Western Odisha. Both regions are proud of their glorious history and rich cultural values. Subarnapur district is situated at the confluence of the rivers Tel and Mahanadi. This is also known as Sonepur. This region’s history dates back to 850 C.E., when Sonepur (Subarnapur) was the capital of the Kosala region. The present royal palace of Subarnapur was established when Telugu Chodas started their rule over this region, between the period of 1070 to 1115 C.E.. The remnant of the Subarnapur royal palace can be seen on the banks of the Mahanadi River. The palace represents the glorious history of Subarnapur, but it is now a neglected part of the region, waiting for its last breath. Another royal palace in western Odisha is the Balangir royal palace, also known as the Patna royal palace or Sailashree Rajabati. This royal palace is a symbol of Chauhan rule in the Balangir area and a representation of Rajasthani architecture in western Odisha. The royal palaces are not just structures of the early period; they present a comprehensive knowledge of history, culture, and architecture. As national history cannot be complete without reconstructing regional history, regional history cannot be complete without visiting its royal palace. The royal palace is the heartbeat of any royal dynasty. This paper has highlighted the socio-cultural, economic and architectural contribution of these royal palaces to Odisha's history.
Genelyn R. Baluyos, Jennie M. Hyolim, Jerlin Y. Ruelan, Mykah R. Abergas.
Education graduates are expected to possess not only academic qualifications but also a wide range of employability skills that contribute to their effectiveness and satisfaction in the workplace. This study investigated the relationship between employability skills, job performance, and job satisfaction among education graduates of a private university in Ozamiz City during the School Year 2024–2025, with particular focus on the mediating role of job performance. A descriptive correlational research design with mediation analysis was employed, involving 102 education graduates selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using structured and validated survey instruments and analyzed using Mean, Standard Deviation, Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation, and mediation analysis techniques. The findings revealed that respondents demonstrated high levels of employability skills, job performance, and job satisfaction. Significant positive relationships were found between employability skills and job performance, as well as between employability skills and job satisfaction. Furthermore, job performance significantly mediated the relationship between employability skills and job satisfaction, indicating that graduates with strong employability skills tend to perform better in their jobs, which in turn enhances their level of satisfaction. The study underscores the importance of strengthening employability skills development in teacher education programs to improve both performance and satisfaction outcomes among graduates, while also encouraging educational institutions and employers to implement strategies that further enhance graduates’ competencies and workplace effectiveness.
Paris Gautam, Subhash Mishra
The successful implementation of the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE) 2023 depends critically on the quality of professional development provided to in-service teachers. Teacher educators, as frontline policy intermediaries, play a pivotal yet under-researched role in interpreting and delivering NCF-SE-aligned training. This mixed-methods study investigated 30 teacher educators from DIETs, SCERT resource groups, private training institutes, and Block Resource Centres across two districts of Uttar Pradesh. Using a Trainer Knowledge and Beliefs Survey, semi-structured interviews, and live training session observations, the study examined three dimensions: comprehension of NCF-SE 2023 key tenets, perceived preparedness to deliver competency-based training, and actual training practices. Results reveal that while 80% of teacher educators claim familiarity with NCF-SE 2023, only 36.7% correctly identified the four-stage curricular structure, and just 23.3% could describe competency-based assessment without prompting. Training delivery remains predominantly lecture-based (73.3% of observed session time), contradicting the experiential pedagogy they are expected to model. Major barriers include inadequate trainer-of-trainers programmes (86.7%), lack of model lesson plans (76.7%), and institutional pressure to cover the syllabus rather than deepen understanding. The study concludes that teacher educators are willing but unsupported, and recommends a cascading quality-assurance model with practice-based toolkits.
Dr. Ratchamarri Useni
Background: The widespread adoption of smartphones has introduced a new spectrum of musculoskeletal disorders among users of all age groups. Text neck syndrome — defined as sustained anterior cervical flexion posture during device use — and SMS thumb, a repetitive strain injury affecting the thumb and wrist, have emerged as clinically significant conditions requiring structured physiotherapy intervention. Objective: This article synthesises current physiotherapy evidence relating to the biomechanics, clinical presentation, assessment, treatment, and prevention of text neck and SMS thumb, with practical guidance for clinicians and patients alike.
Adesegun Elisha, Adetokunbo O. Elisha, C.S.S Bello
workers (HCWs) to nosocomial infection, morbidity, and mortality. Objective: To synthesize ten years of evidence on LF burden among Nigerian HCWs, quantify HCW infections relative to confirmed national cases where data permit, and summarize clinical outcomes and key occupational risk factors. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using peer-reviewed studies, WHO outbreak reports, and the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) Lassa fever situation reports. Descriptive statistics were extracted. Where national totals were available, we calculated HCW infection proportion among confirmed cases (HCW/confirmed), with 95% confidence intervals (Wilson method). A log-linear trend model estimated annual percent change in HCW proportion (2019, 2020, 2022–2025; excluding partial year 2021). Results: In early 2016, the WHO reported 10 HCWs infected and 2 deaths in Nigeria (Aug 2015–May 2016). [1] During the 2016/2017 season, Nigeria recorded 788 suspected cases, 247 confirmed cases, and 117 deaths by epi week 34, with an AAR emphasizing IPC strengthening.[2] During the 2018 outbreak, a two-treatment-center HCW series documented 21 laboratory-confirmed HCW infections with CFR 23.8%, delayed testing (median 12 days), and IPC gaps.[3] In 2019, a national investigation described 19 HCW infections (2 deaths; CFR 10.5%), most linked to clinical care exposures and inadequate IPC training. [4] In national surveillance reports, HCW infections represented 2.1–5.3 per 100 confirmed cases (2019–2025), with no significant linear trend (annual percent change) 2.77%; 95% CI −22.42 to 21.87; p=0.75; calculated) [4–10] Conclusion: LF remains a sustained occupational hazard for Nigerian HCWs. Preventable exposure, especially in outpatient/emergency and procedural settings, persists. System-level IPC programs, early triage and suspicion, reliable PPE supply, and rapid diagnostics are essential to reduce HCW infections and deaths.
Kosygin Leishangthem
The landslide at Tupul, Manipur (June 29-30, 2022) is one of the most catastrophic geo-disasters in Northeast India, causing 54 to 61 casualties and extensive damage to the Jiribam-Imphal railway project. Four main academic contributions from this systematic review were synthesized to identify the various drivers of the slope failure. Recent studies have pointed to the extreme meteorological triggers (June rainfall was 130% greater than the decadal average), in addition to the destabilizing effects of human "yard-cutting" for the Tupul railway station platform[1], [2]. This review adds a key and often ignored factor from recent field observations: a massive historic landslide scarp has been identified by high-resolution satellite imagery and field investigations 350 meters uphill from the project site and is approximately 1100 meters long and 300 meters deep, showing that the slope was inherently unstable and had fractured and weakened soil masses long before construction began, and that the railway engineering removing the "toe" of the slope and saturating these weakened masses during the monsoon resulted in reactivation of a pre-existing geohazard. This review compares different methodologies, including geospatial remote sensing, finite element analysis, and regional susceptibility mapping, and highlights a critical gap in standard geotechnical survey protocols that did not adequately account for the surrounding geomorphology, arguing for a new paradigm in Himalayan infrastructure planning that mandates 1km-radius geohazard assessments, includes historical academic hazard warnings, and incorporates real-time monitoring systems. In the end, the Tupul event becomes a case study in the outcomes of "slope-unfriendly" development in geologically susceptible mountainous landscapes [1], [3].
Lou A. Picardal, Virgilio P. Rapada Jr.
This study examined the effects of using visual and podcast technology materials on the academic performance of Grade 4 learners in English at Alugan Elementary School during the School Year 2023–2024. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was employed involving 46 learners selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and t-test. Findings revealed that both control and experimental groups significantly improved from pretest to posttest, with performance levels increasing from “Satisfactory” to “Outstanding.” While a statistically significant difference was observed within groups, only a minimal difference was found between the posttest scores of the control and experimental groups. Moreover, no significant difference in learning gain scores was identified (p = 0.228), indicating comparable effectiveness of both instructional approaches. The study concludes that visual and podcast technology materials enhance learner engagement and support academic performance, but do not produce significantly greater gains compared to traditional methods. It is recommended that future studies employ larger, randomized samples and further validate instructional tools.
Vincent Kibet
This study presented the survey results on the attitudes towards the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education. A convenience sample of 15 participants was drawn to answer a 10-question survey, which was designed using a combination of multiple-choice, drop-down menu, Likert scale, rating scale, and rank questions in Google Forms. In this study, it was found that the use of AI is high, with 53% of participants reporting using it either frequently or regularly. The mean rating of the impact was 4.13 5 (SD = 0.72). While 73% agreed that AI enhanced their learning performance, 87% of the students also implied that they have concerns about the ethics of AI. Using personalized learning was considered the most beneficial feature of AI. The results demonstrated the benefits and issues of incorporating the use of AI in education, and the need for institutional policies regulating the use of AI.
Dr. Aparnaa Upadhyaya, Mary Grace Hilario
Panoramic radiography plays a critical role in comprehensive dental diagnosis by providing a broad overview of the maxillofacial skeleton. In contrast, intraoral radiography, while essential for the diagnosis of dental caries and periapical pathology, offers a limited field of view and may fail to detect extra‑alveolar or skeletal abnormalities [1–3]. This case report describes a 35‑year‑old male who presented with left mandibular pain and swelling. Panoramic imaging revealed a non‑displaced mandibular angle fracture adjacent to tooth #17 that would not have been identified using intraoral radiography alone. Early recognition facilitated appropriate referral and surgical management, underscoring the importance of panoramic radiographs in improving patient safety and clinical outcomes [4–6].
Genelyn R. Baluyos, Sheila Joy O. Quilab
Mathematics learning becomes meaningful when students not only perform procedures accurately but also understand concepts and apply effective problem-solving strategies. This study examined the relationship between procedural fluency and conceptual understanding in mathematics learning, focusing on the mediating role of strategic competence among junior high school students in one of the basic education in Ozamiz City during the school year 2025–2026. A quantitative explanatory correlational design with mediation analysis was employed. The respondents consisted of 180 junior high school students, selected from a population of 337 through stratified random sampling, from a private non-sectarian educational institution in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental, Philippines. Data were gathered using three researcher-made instruments: the Procedural Fluency Questionnaire (PFQ), Conceptual Understanding Questionnaire (CUQ), and Strategic Competence Questionnaire (SCQ). Mean and standard deviation, Spearman's rank-order correlation, stepwise multiple regression analysis, and general linear mediation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results showed that students demonstrated high levels of procedural fluency, strategic competence, and conceptual understanding. Significant positive relationships existed among students' procedural fluency, strategic competence, and conceptual understanding. Efficiency in problem solving, flexibility in applying procedures, appropriateness of procedures, problem representation, strategy formulation, evaluation, and justification were predictive of conceptual understanding. Strategic competence significantly mediated the relationship between procedural fluency and conceptual understanding, indicating a partial mediation effect. The findings highlight that students demonstrated high levels of procedural fluency, strategic competence, and conceptual understanding in mathematics, with significant positive relationships among these variables, where problem-solving efficiency and related skills predicted conceptual understanding, and strategic competence partially mediated the link between procedural fluency and conceptual understanding. Mathematics instructors may promote the balanced development of procedural accuracy, conceptual reasoning, and strategic problem-solving to support students' holistic mathematical proficiency.
Anazia Eluemunor Kizito, Jeroh Eseoghene, Ojei Emmanuel Obiajulu
This study examines the role of digital technologies in reshaping Nigeria’s economy and their contribution to sustainable economic growth. Against the backdrop of increasing digitalization across developing economies, the research investigates how key digital indicators, including internet penetration, fintech development, digital infrastructure and human capital, influence economic performance in Nigeria. The study adopts a quantitative research design, utilizing secondary data obtained from reputable sources such as the World Bank, International Telecommunication Union, Central Bank of Nigeria and National Bureau of Statistics Nigeria, covering the period 2019–2024. Using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including regression analysis, the findings reveal that digital technologies exert a significant positive effect on Nigeria’s economic growth, both directly and indirectly, through improved financial inclusion, innovation and productivity. The results further highlight the mediating role of digital infrastructure and human capital in strengthening the impact of digital adoption on sustainable development outcomes. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, digital divide and policy inconsistencies continue to constrain the full realization of digital transformation benefits. The study concludes that while digital technologies present a viable pathway to sustainable economic growth in Nigeria, their effectiveness depends on strategic investments in infrastructure, inclusive digital policies and capacity development. It recommends that policymakers prioritize broadband expansion, strengthen regulatory frameworks for fintech and digital innovation and promote digital literacy to enhance inclusive participation in the digital economy. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on digital transformation and provides empirical evidence to inform policy and development strategies in emerging economies.
Bildad Awere, Daniel Mishael Masetu
This study examined how professional ethics and fear of retaliation shaped whistleblowing on corruption in the civil service of third world countries. Many developing states had introduced anti-corruption bodies, ethics codes and whistleblower protection frameworks, yet reporting of wrongdoing by civil servants remained limited. The study focused on four objectives: to assess awareness and perceptions of whistleblowing mechanisms; to examine the relationship between professional ethics and willingness to report; to analyse the effect of fear of retaliation on whistleblowing intentions and behaviour; and to identify legal, organisational and cultural factors that hindered or facilitated whistleblowing. The research adopted a descriptive and explanatory design based entirely on secondary data. It drew on cross-national survey evidence, legal and policy documents, and analytical reports on corruption, ethics and whistleblowing in third world contexts. The analysis was guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior and Prosocial Behaviour Theory. Findings indicated that awareness of whistleblowing mechanisms was present in general terms, but confidence in accessibility, confidentiality and institutional follow-up remained weak. Professional ethics and integrity climate showed a positive association with willingness to report, particularly where ethical leadership and active ethics management were evident. Fear of retaliation emerged as a central deterrent, with civil servants anticipating career sanctions, workplace victimization and, in some settings, security threats. Legal frameworks on whistleblower protection had expanded in several countries, yet enforcement gaps, limited awareness and strong loyalty norms reduced their practical impact. The study concluded that effective promotion of whistleblowing in third world civil services required aligned reforms in law, organisational practice and administrative culture.
Dr. Pritimanjari Khuntia
Women are the milestones of our society, though they work in every sphere of life. No one can be denied their contribution to the family. Our society makes a borderline for them due to gender bias. Women depend on the environment for their household work, because of which they have a deep attachment to nature. They collect more natural resources than men. The loss of the environment directly impacts women. This paper tries to understand the relationship between women and the environment.
Nabaghan Mallick, Shalini Jaiswal
Women entrepreneurs in rural areas are key drivers as they are not only helping their communities grow by creating jobs, using local resources wisely, but also address community needs through innovative sustainable practices. Their enterprises often rooted in indigenous knowledge, local craftmanship, food processing, small scale manufacturing and sustainable agriculture practices. These enterprises generate income for themselves and also contribute to community growth, poverty reduction, social change and promoting gender equality. However structural constraints such as gender based credit system, lack of training, limited access to finance, infrastructure gap, social and cultural restrictions, market access issues continue to hinder their full potential. Despite facing these challenges women are breaking stereotypes with the help of government scheme, NGOs and self help groups digital platforms. With better training easier market connections, these women can play an even bigger role in making rural areas self-reliant and prosperous. The aim to this article is to show how rural women entrepreneurs are not just earning livelihoods but also they are reshaping their communities by blending traditional skills with innovative, sustainable practices. This article also explores the importance, provocation, and future prospectus of women entrepreneurship as a game changer in rural development.